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Fundamental Concepts of Thermodynamics | |
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What Is Thermodynamics and Why Is It Useful? | |
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Basic Definitions Needed to Describe Thermodynamic Systems | |
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Thermometry | |
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Equations of State and the Ideal Gas Law | |
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A Brief Introduction to Real Gases | |
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Heat, Work, Internal Energy, Enthalpy, and The First Law of Thermodynamics | |
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The Internal Energy and the First Law of Thermodynamics | |
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Work | |
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Heat | |
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Heat Capacity | |
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State Functions and Path Functions | |
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Equilibrium, Change, and Reversibility | |
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Comparing Work for Reversible and Irreversible Processes | |
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Determining and Introducing Enthalpy, a New State Function | |
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Calculating q, w, , an? for Processes Involving Ideal Gases | |
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The Reversible Adiabatic Expansion and Compression of an Ideal Gas | |
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The Importance of State Functions: Internal Energy and Enthalpy | |
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The Mathematical Properties of State Functions | |
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The Dependence of U on V and T | |
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Does the Internal Energy Depend More Strongly on V or T? | |
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The Variation of Enthalpy with Temperature at Constant Pressure | |
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How Are CP and CV Related? | |
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The Variation of Enthalpy with Pressure at Constant Temperature | |
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The Joule-Thomson Experiment | |
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Liquefying Gases Using an Isenthalpic Expansion | |
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Thermochemistry | |
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Energy Stored in Chemical Bonds Is Released or Taken Up in Chemical Reactions | |
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Internal Energy and Enthalpy Changes Associated with Chemical Reactions | |
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Hess's Law Is Based on Enthalpy Being a State Function | |
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The Temperature Dependence of Reaction Enthalpies | |
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The Experimental Determination o? and for Chemical Reactions | |
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Differential Scanning Calorimetry | |
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Entropy and The Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics | |
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The Universe Has a Natural Direction of Change | |
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Heat Engines and the Second Law of Thermodynamics | |
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Introducing Entropy | |
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Calculating Changes in Entropy | |
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Using Entropy to Calculate the Natural Direction of a Process in an Isolated System | |
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The Clausius Inequality | |
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The Change of Entropy in the Surroundings and = + | |
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Absolute Entropies and the Third Law of Thermodynamics | |
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Standard States in Entropy Calculations | |
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Entropy Changes in Chemical Reactions | |
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Refrigerators, Heat Pumps, and Real Engines | |
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(Supplemental) Using the Fact that S Is a State Function to Determine the Dependence of S on V and T | |
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(Supplemental) The Dependence of S on T and P | |
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(Supplemental) The Thermodynamic Temperature Scale | |
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Chemical Equilibrium | |
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The Gibbs Energy and the Helmholtz Energy | |
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The Differential Forms of U, H, A, and G | |
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The Dependence of the Gibbs and Helmholtz Energies on P, V, and T | |
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The Gibbs Energy of a Reaction Mixture | |
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The Gibbs Energy of a Gas in a Mixture | |
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Calculating the Gibbs Energy of Mixing for Ideal Gases | |
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Expressing | |