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| Preface | |
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| Composing in a Visual Era | |
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| Introduction: Writing for Different Purposes in Different Media | |
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| The Rhetorical Situation | |
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| The rhetorical triangle | |
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| A writer's audience | |
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| A writer's ethos | |
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| A writer's purpose | |
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| Words, Images, and Graphics | |
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| Multimedia writing | |
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| Communicating with words, images, and graphics | |
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| Where images and graphics work best | |
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| Where words work best | |
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| Planning, Drafting, and Revising | |
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| Planning and Drafting | |
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| Establish your goals | |
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| Explore your topic | |
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| Write a working thesis | |
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| Plan a strategy | |
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| Compose a draft | |
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| Write as a member of a team | |
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| Stay organized | |
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| Composing Paragraphs | |
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| Focus your paragraphs | |
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| Organize your paragraphs | |
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| Make your paragraphs coherent | |
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| Consider paragraph length | |
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| Link across paragraphs | |
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| Write effective beginning and ending paragraphs | |
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| Rewriting, Editing, and Proofreading | |
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| Switch from writer to reader | |
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| Learn strategies for rewriting | |
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| Respond to other writers' drafts | |
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| Edit for particular goals | |
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| Proofread carefully | |
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| Learn to edit the writing of others | |
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| Writing in College and Beyond | |
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| Critical Reading and Viewing | |
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| Two kinds of reading and viewing | |
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| Critical reading | |
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| Verbal fallacies | |
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| Critical viewing | |
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| Visual fallacies | |
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| Analyzing Verbal and Visual Texts | |
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| The aim of analysis | |
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| Analyze the context and the text | |
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| Develop and organize a rhetorical analysis | |
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| Sample rhetorical analysis | |
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| Analyze images and other kinds of visual texts | |
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| Writing to Reflect | |
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| Find a reflective topic | |
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| Identify a focus | |
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| Develop a response | |
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| Sample reflective essay | |
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| A reflective magazine article | |
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| A reflective Weblog | |
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| Writing to Inform | |
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| Find an informative topic | |
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| Narrow your topic and write a thesis | |
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| Develop and organize your ideas | |
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| Sample informative essay | |
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| An informative brochure | |
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| Business letters, emails, and memos | |
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| Reports | |
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| Writing to Persuade | |
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| Find an arguable topic | |
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| Make an arguable claim | |
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| Develop and organize good reasons | |
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| Sample proposal argument | |
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| A persuasive Web site | |
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| A persuasive letter of application and resume | |
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| Designing and Presenting | |
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| Design Basics | |
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| Create visual relationships | |
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| Make similar items looks similar | |
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| Make different items look different | |
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| Understand type styles | |
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| Illustrations, Tables, and Charts | |
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| Illustrations | |
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| Image editors | |
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| Formats and printers | |
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| Tables | |
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| Charts and graphs | |
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| Verbal and Visual Presentations | |
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| Plan a presentation | |
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| Design effective visuals | |
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| Deliver a presentation with visuals | |
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| Writing for the Web | |
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| Plan a Web site | |
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| Define specific goals | |
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| Design for the Web | |
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| Researching | |
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| Planning Your Research | |
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| Analyze the research task | |
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| Set a schedule | |
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| Find a topic that interests you | |
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| Ask a question and draft a working thesis | |
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| Decide what kind of research you need to do | |
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| Plan your field research | |
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| Finding Print Sources in Libraries | |
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| Determine what kinds of sources you will need | |
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| Identify keywords | |
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| Find books | |
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| Find journal articles | |
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| Find newspaper articles | |
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| Start a working bibliography | |
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| Finding Sources Online | |
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| Database sources versus Web sources | |
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| Find articles and other sources in library databases | |
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| Find information on the Web | |
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| Find visual sources online | |
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| Evaluating Sources | |
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| Determine the relevance of sources | |
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| Determine the reliability of print sources | |
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| Determine the reliability of Internet sources | |
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| Create an annotated bibliography | |
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| Avoiding Plagiarism When Using Sources | |
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| The purpose of documenting sources | |
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| Intellectual property and scholastic honesty | |
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| Avoiding plagiarism | |
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| Quote sources without plagiarizing | |
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| Summarize and paraphrase sources without plagiarizing | |
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| Writing the Research Project | |
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| Review your goals and thesis | |
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| Plan your organization | |
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| Incorporate quotations, summaries, and paraphrases effectively | |
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| Write your draft | |
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| Review your draft | |
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| Revise, edit, and check formatting | |
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| Documenting | |
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| MLA Documentation | |
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| In-text citations in MLA style | |
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| Books in MLA-style works cited | |
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| Journals and magazines | |
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| Newspapers | |
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| Government documents, pamphlets, dissertations, and letters | |
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| Online publications | |
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| CD-ROM, software, and unedited online sources | |
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| Visual sources | |
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| Multimedia sources | |
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| Informational notes | |
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| Sample research paper with MLA documentation | |
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| Writing about Literature | |
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| Become a critical reader of literature | |
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| Develop an original argument | |
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| Organize your argument | |
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| Support your argument | |
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| Sample literary analysis | |
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| APA Documentation | |
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| In-text citations in APA style | |
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| Books and nonperiodical sources in the APA-style references list | |
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| Periodical sources | |
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| Online sources | |
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| Visual, computer, and multimedia sources | |
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| Sample paper with APA documentation | |
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| CMS Documentation | |
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| Books and nonperiodical sources in CMS-style citations | |
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| Periodical sources | |
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| Online and computer sources | |
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| Multimedia sources | |
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| Sample pages with CMS documentation | |
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| CSE Documentation | |
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| In-text citations in CSE style | |
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| Books and nonperiodical sources in CSE-style references | |
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| Periodical sources | |
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| Online sources | |
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| Sample pages with CSE documentation | |
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| Effective Style and Language | |
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| Write with Power | |
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| Recognize active and passive voice | |
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| Use action verbs | |
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| Name your agents | |
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| Vary your sentences | |
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| Project personality | |
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| Write Concisely | |
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| Eliminate unnecessary words | |
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| Reduce wordy phrases | |
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| Simplify tangled sentences | |
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| Write with Emphasis | |
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| Manage emphasis within sentences | |
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| Forge links across sentences | |
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| Use parallel structure with parallel ideas | |
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| Use parallel structure with lists | |
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| Use parallel structure in paragraphs | |
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| Find the Right Words | |
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| Recognize varieties of English | |
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| Be aware of levels of formality | |
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| Be aware of denotation and connotation | |
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| Use specific language | |
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| Use effective figurative language | |
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| Write to Be Inclusive | |
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| Be aware of stereotypes | |
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| Be inclusive about gender | |
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| Be inclusive about race and ethnicity | |
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| Be inclusive about other differences | |
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| Write for Diverse Audiences | |
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| Understand English as a global language | |
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| Respect other varieties and languages | |
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| Use accessible language | |
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| Understanding Grammar | |
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| Grammar Basics | |
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| Sentence basics | |
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| Word classes | |
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| Clauses | |
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| Phrases | |
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| Sentence types | |
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| Fragments, Run-ons, and Comma Splices | |
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| Fragments | |
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| Run-on sentences | |
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| Comma splices | |
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| Subject-Verb Agreement | |
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| Agreement in the present tense | |
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| Singular and plural subjects | |
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| Indefinite pronouns as subjects | |
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| Collective nouns as subjects | |
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| Inverted word order | |
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| Amounts, numbers, and pairs | |
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| Verbs | |
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| Basic verb forms | |
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| Irregular verbs | |
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| Transitive and intransitive verbs | |
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| Shifts in tense | |
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| Shifts in mood | |
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| Pronouns | |
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| Pronoun case | |
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| Pronoun agreement | |
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| Problems with pronouns and gender | |
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| Vague reference | |
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| Modifiers | |
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| Choose the correct modifier | |
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| Place adjectives carefully | |
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| Place adverbs carefully | |
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| Revise disruptive modifiers | |
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| Revise dangling modifiers | |
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| Understanding Punctuation and Mechanics | |
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| Commas | |
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| Commas with introductory elements | |
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| Commas with compound clauses | |
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| Commas with nonrestrictive modifiers | |
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| Commas with items in a series | |
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| Commas with coordinate adjectives | |
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| Commas with quotations | |
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| Commas with dates, numbers, titles, and addresses | |
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| Commas to avoid confusion | |
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| Unnecessary commas | |
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| Semicolons and Colons | |
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| Semicolons with closely related main clauses | |
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| Semicolons together with commas | |
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| Colons in sentences | |
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| Colons with lists | |
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| Hyphens | |
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| Hyphens with compound modifiers | |
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| Hyphens with compound nouns | |
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| Hyphens that divide words at the ends of lines | |
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| Hyphens for clarity | |
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| Dashes and Parentheses | |
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| Dashes and parentheses versus commas | |
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| Dashes and parentheses to set off information | |
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| Other punctuation with parentheses | |
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| Other punctuation with dashes | |
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| Apostrophes | |
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| Possessives | |
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| Contractions and omitted letters | |
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| Plurals of letters, symbols, and words referred to as words | |
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| Quotation Marks | |
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| Direct quotations | |
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| Titles of short works | |
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| Other uses of quotation marks | |
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| Misuses of quotation marks | |
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| Other punctuation with quotation marks | |
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| Other Punctuation Marks | |
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| Periods | |
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| Question marks | |
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| Exclamation points | |
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| Brackets | |
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| Ellipses | |
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| Slashes | |
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| Write with Accurate Spelling | |
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| Know the limitations of spelling checkers | |
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| Distinguish homonyms | |
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| Learn spelling rules | |
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| Capitalization and Italics | |
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| Capital letters | |
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| Italics | |
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| Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Numbers | |
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| Abbreviations | |
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| Acronyms | |
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| Numbers | |
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| If English is Not Your First Language | |
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| Writing in a Second Language | |
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| Understand how languages differ | |
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| Use your native language as a resource | |
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| Use dictionaries | |
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| Nouns and Articles | |
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| Kinds of nouns | |
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| Count and noncount nouns | |
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| Singular and plural forms | |
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| Articles | |
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| Verbs | |
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| Types of verbs | |
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| Be verbs | |
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| Modal auxiliary verbs | |
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| Verbs and infinitives | |
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| Verbs and -ing verbals | |
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| Conditional sentences | |
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| Participial adjectives | |
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| English Sentence Structure | |
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| Subjects | |
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| English word order | |
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| Placement of modifiers | |
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| Idiomatic Structures | |
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| Prepositions | |
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| Adjectives with prepositions | |
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| Phrasal verbs | |
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| Writing Essay Examinations | |
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| Glossary of Grammatical Terms and Usage | |
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| Index | |
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| Credits | |
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| Writing Across the Curriculum Guide | |
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| Revision Guide | |
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| Index of Common Error boxes (rear inside cover) | |