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| Maps | |
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| Tables and Figures | |
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| Features | |
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| Preface | |
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| About the Authors | |
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| The Peopling and Unpeopling of America | |
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| Squanto Saves the Pilgrims | |
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| The First Discovery of America | |
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| A Diversity of Cultures | |
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| The Myth of the "Virgin" Land | |
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| Eastern Indians on the Eve of Contact | |
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| Preparing Europe for Westward Expansion | |
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| Changing Population Pressures | |
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| Crusades, Commerce, and the New Learning | |
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| Nation-States Support the First Explorations | |
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| Explorers, Conquerors, and the Making of New Spain | |
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| Conquistadores Overrun Native Americans | |
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| Constructing the Spanish Empire | |
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| Success Breeds Envy and Contempt | |
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| Challengers for North America: France and England | |
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| The Protestant Reformation Stirs Deep Tensions | |
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| Defying the Supremacy of Spain | |
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| England Prepares for Westward Expansion | |
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| Joining in the Invasion of America | |
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| The Roanoke Disaster | |
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| Merchant Capitalists Sponsor the Founding of Virginia | |
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| Struggling Jamestown Survives | |
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| Dutch and French Adventurers | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Chronology of Key Events | |
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| Chapter Summary and Key Points | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Media Resources | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| People You Should Know | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| The American Mosaic: Indian Scalping and European War Dogs | |
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| The People Speak: Powhatan Pleads for Peace and Harmony (1609) | |
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| Plantations and Cities Upon a Hill, 1620-1700 | |
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| John Punch: From Servant to Slave | |
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| From Settlements to Societies in the South | |
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| Searching for Laborers | |
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| To Be Like English Subjects at Home | |
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| Crushing Powhatan's Confederacy | |
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| A Model for Other Royal Colonies | |
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| Proprietary Maryland and the Carolinas | |
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| Religious Dissenters Colonize New England | |
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| The Rise of Puritan Dissenters at Home | |
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| Godly Mission to New England | |
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| Testing the Limits of Toleration | |
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| "Hivings Out" Provoke Bloody Indian Relations | |
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| Families, Individuals, and Communities: Surviving in Early America | |
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| Life and Death, North and South | |
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| Roles for Men, Women, and Children | |
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| Commercial Values and the Rise of Chattel Slavery | |
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| Declension in New England | |
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| Stabilizing Life in the Chesapeake Region | |
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| The Beginnings of American Slavery | |
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| Shifting to Slavery in Maryland and Virginia | |
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| The World the Slaves Made | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Chronology of Key Events | |
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| Chapter Summary and Key Points | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Media Resources | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| People You Should Know | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| The American Mosaic: Childbirth in Early America | |
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| The People Speak: John Winthrop "A Model of Christian Charity" | |
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| Provincial America in Upheaval, 1660-1760 | |
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| Hannah Dustan and Eliza Lucas: Colonial Women in Time of War | |
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| Designing England's North American Empire | |
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| To Benefit the Parent Nation | |
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| Seizing Dutch New Netherland | |
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| Proprietary Difficulties in New York and New Jersey | |
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| Planting William Penn's "Holy Experiment" | |
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| Defying the Imperial Will: Provincial Convulsions and Rebellions | |
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| Bacon's Bloody Rebellion in Virginia | |
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| The Glorious Revolution Spills into America | |
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| New England's Witchcraft Hysteria | |
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| Settling Anglo-American Differences | |
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| Maturing Colonial Societies in Unsettled Times | |
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| An Exploding Population Base | |
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| The "Europeanizing" of America | |
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| Intellectual and Religious Awakening | |
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| International Wars Beset America | |
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| Showdown: The Great War for the Empire | |
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| Allies as Enemies: Making War on the Cherokees | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Chronology of Key Events | |
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| Chapter Summary and Key Points | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Media Resources | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| People You Should Know | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| The American Mosaic: Colonial Pastimes | |
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| The People Speak: Olaudah Equiano on His Ship Passage as a Slave to America | |
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| Breaking the Bonds of Empire, 1760-1775 | |
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| Samuel Adams: The Man of the Revolution | |
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| Provoking an Imperial Crisis | |
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| A Legacy of War-Related Problems | |
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| Getting Tough with the Americans | |
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| Parliament Endorses Direct Taxes | |
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| "Liberty, Property, and No Stamps" | |
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| Emerging Patterns of Resistance | |
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| Protest Takes a Violent Turn | |
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| Resistance Spreads Across the Landscape | |
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| Parliament Retreats | |
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| A Second Crisis: The Townshend Duties | |
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| Formulating a New Taxation Scheme | |
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| Mustering Further American Resistance | |
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| A "Bloody Massacre" in Boston | |
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| Parliament Backs Down Again | |
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| The Rupturing of Imperial Relations | |
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| The Necessity of Vigilance | |
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| The Tea Crisis of 1773 | |
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| Parliament Adopts the Coercive Acts | |
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| Hurling Back the Challenge: The First Continental Congress | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Chronology of Key Events | |
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| Chapter Summary and Key Points | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Media Resources | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| People You Should Know | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| The American Mosaic: Those Hated Customs Informers | |
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| The People Speak: The Loyal Nine Plan a Stamp Act Protest | |
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| The Times That Tried Many Souls, 1775-1783 | |
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| Joseph Plumb Martin: Patriot Soldier | |
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| Reconciliation or Independence | |
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| The Shooting War Starts | |
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| Moderates Versus Radicals in Congress | |
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| The Expanding Martial Conflict | |
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| Lord Dunmore's Proclamation of Emancipation | |
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| Resolving the Independence Question | |
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| Without Visible Allies: The War in the North | |
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| Britain's Massive Military Buildup | |
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| The Campaign for New York | |
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| Saving the Cause at Trenton | |
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| The Real Continentals | |
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| Resuing the Patriots: Toward Global Conflict | |
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| France Offers Covert Assistance | |
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| The British Seize Philadelphia | |
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| Capturing Burgoyne's Army at Saratoga | |
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| The World Turned Upside Down | |
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| Revamping British Strategy | |
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| The Tide of War Turns at Last | |
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| Franco-American Triumph at Yorktown | |
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| A Most Generous Peace Settlement | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Chronology of Key Events | |
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| Chapter Summary and Key Points | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Media Resources | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| People You Should Know | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| The American Mosaic: The Battle of Bunker Hill | |
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| The People Speak: Thomas Paine's American Crisis I (December 1776) | |
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| Map Essay: The Shot Heard 'Round the World | |
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| Securing the Republic and Its Ideals, 1776-1789 | |
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| Nancy Shippen and Phillis Wheatley: Second-Class Citizens of The New Republic | |
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| Establishing New Republican Governments | |
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| People Victorious: The New State Governments | |
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| The Articles of Confederation | |
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| Crises of the Confederation | |
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| Struggle to Ratify the Articles | |
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| Turmoil over Financing the War | |
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| Threatened Military Coup: The Newburgh Conspiracy | |
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| Drifting Toward Disunion | |
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| Daniel Shays's Rebellion | |
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| Human Rights and Social Change | |
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| In Pursuit of Religious Freedom | |
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| The Propertyless Poor and the West | |
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| Women Appeal for Fundamental Liberties | |
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| The Dilemma of Race and Racism | |
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| Second New Beginning, New National Government | |
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| The Framers of the Constitution | |
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| A Document Constructed by Compromises | |
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| The Ratification Struggle | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Chronology of Key Events | |
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| Chapter Summary and Key Points | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Media Resources | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| People You Should Know | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| The American Mosaic: Birth Control in the Early Republic | |
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| The People Speak: Abigail Adams Exhorts Her Husband to "Remember the Ladies" (1776) | |
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| The Formative Decade, 1790-1800 | |
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| James Callender and The Power of The Press | |
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| The Roots of American Economic Growth | |
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| Implementing the Constitution | |
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| Establishing the Machinery of Government | |
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| Defining the Presidency | |
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| Alexander Hamilton's Financial Program | |
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| The Birth of Political Parties | |
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| World Events and Political Polarization | |
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| 1793 and 1794: Years of Crisis | |
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| Washington Retires | |
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| A New President and New Challenges | |
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| The Presidency of John Adams | |
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| A New National Capital | |
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| The Quasi War with France | |
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| The Alien and Sedition Acts | |
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| The Revolution of 1800 | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Chronology of Key Events | |
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| Chapter Summary and Key Points | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Media Resources | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| People You Should Know | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| The American Mosaic: Yellow Fever in Philadelphia: Pills and Politics | |
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| The People Speak: Gabriel's Revolt | |
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| The Jeffersonians in Power, 1800-1815 | |
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| The Burr-Hamilton Duel | |
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| Jefferson Takes Command | |
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| Who Was Thomas Jefferson? | |
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| Jefferson's Goal: To Restore Republican Government | |
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| Reforming the Federal Government | |
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| War on the Judiciary | |
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| International Conflict | |
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| Disunionist Conspiracies | |
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| The American Eagle Challenges the French Tiger and the British Shark | |
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| "Dambargo" | |
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| A Second War of Independence | |
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| Early Defeats | |
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| The Tide Turns | |
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| The War's Significance | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Chronology of Key Events | |
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| Chapter Summary and Key Points | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Media Resources | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| People You Should Know | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| The American Mosaic: The Shawnee Prophet Tenskwatawa and His Warrior Brother Tecumseh | |
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| The People Speak: Religion in the Early Republic | |
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| Nationalism, Economic Growth, and the Roots of Sectional Conflict, 1815-1824 | |
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| Francis Lowell Builds a Textile Mill in Massachusetts | |
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| The Growth of American Nationalism | |
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| Neo-Hamiltonianism | |
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| Strengthening American Finances | |
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| Protecting American Industry | |
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| Conquering Space | |
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| Judicial Nationalism | |
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| Defending American Interests in Foreign Affairs | |
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| The Growth of the American Economy | |
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| Accelerating Transportation | |
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| Speeding Communications | |
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| Transforming American Law | |
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| Resistance to Technological Innovation | |
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| Early Industrialization | |
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| The Growth of Cities | |
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| The Growth of Political Factionalism and Sectionalism | |
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| The Panic of 1819 | |
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| The Missouri Crisis | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Chronology of Key Events | |
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| Chapter Summary and Key Points | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Media Resources | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| People You Should Know | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| The American Mosaic: Denmark Vesey and the Slave Conspiracy of 1822 | |
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| The People Speak: Growing Up Female in the Early Republic | |
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| Power and Politics in Jackson's America | |
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| The Election of 1840: Symbol Over Substance | |
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| Political Democratization | |
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| The Expansion of Voting Rights | |
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| Popular Attacks on Privilege | |
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| The Rebirth of Parties | |
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| Birth of the Second Party System | |
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| The Presidency of John Quincy Adams | |
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| The "American System" and the "Tariff of Abominations" | |
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| The Election of 1828 | |
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| Andrew Jackson: The Politics of Egalitarianism | |
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| Expanding the Powers of the Presidency | |
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| Clearing the Land of Indians | |
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| Sectional Disputes over Public Lands and Nullification | |
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| The Bank War | |
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| The Jacksonian Court | |
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| Jackson's Legacy | |
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| Rise of a Political Opposition | |
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| A Party Formed by Coalition | |
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| Who Were the Whigs? | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Chronology of Key Events | |
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| Chapter Summary and Key Points | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Media Resources | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| People You Should Know | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| The American Mosaic: The Cholera Epidemic of 1832: Sinners and Saints | |
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| The People Speak: The Trail of Tears | |
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| America's First Age of Reform | |
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| Connecticut Schoolmistress Prudence Crandall Defies The Law | |
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| Sources of the Reform Impulse | |
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| Social Problems on the Rise | |
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| A New Moral Sensibility | |
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| The Second Great Awakening | |
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| Religious Diversity | |
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| Moral Reform | |
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| Social Reform | |
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| The Problem of Crime in a Free Society | |
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| The Struggle for Public Schools | |
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| Asylums for Society's Outcasts | |
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| Radical Reform | |
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| Early Antislavery Efforts | |
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| The Rise of Abolitionist Sentiment in the North | |
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| Abolitionist Arguments and Public Reaction | |
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| Division Within the Antislavery Movement | |
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| The Birth of Feminism | |
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| Catalyst for Women's Rights | |
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| Utopian Communities | |
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| Artistic and Cultural Ferment | |
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| American Transcendentalism | |
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| A Literary Renaissance | |
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| Ethnic Voices | |
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| American Art | |
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| American Popular Culture | |
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| The Popular Novel | |
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| Forms of Popular Entertainment | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Chronology of Key Events | |
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| Chapter Summary and Key Points | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Media Resources | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| People You Should Know | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| The American Mosaic: Gouging Fights and Backcountry Honor | |
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| The People Speak: The Struggle for Women's Rights | |
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| The Divided North, The Divided South | |
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| Eli Whitney's Cotton Gin Revitalizes Slavery | |
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| A Divided Culture | |
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| The Emergence of a New Industrial Order in the North | |
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| The Transformation of the Rural Countryside | |
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| The Disruption of the Artisan System of Labor | |
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| The Introduction of the Factory System | |
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| Labor Protests | |
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| The Movement for a 10-Hour Day | |
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| The Laboring Poor | |
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| Immigration Begins | |
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| The Divided North | |
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| Southern Distinctiveness | |
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| The Plantation Legend | |
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| The Old South: Images and Realities | |
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| Impact of Slavery on the Southern Economy | |
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| Growth of a Distinctive Southern Identity | |
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| The Decline of Antislavery Sentiment in the South | |
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| "Reforming" Slavery from Within | |
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| Southern Nationalism | |
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| Southern Radicalism | |
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| Slavery | |
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| The Legal Status of Slaves | |
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| Slave Labor | |
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| Material Conditions of Slave Life | |
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| Slave Family Life | |
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| Slave Cultural Expression | |
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| Slave Resistance | |
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| Free African Americans | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Chronology of Key Events | |
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| Chapter Summary and Key Points | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Media Resources | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| People You Should Know | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| The American Mosaic: Policing the Pre-Civil War City | |
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| The People Speak: The Irish Potato Famine | |
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| Cultures Collide in the Far West | |
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| Social Bandits: Robin Hoods of The Southwest | |
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| The Hispanic and Native American West | |
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| Spanish America | |
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| The Mission System | |
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| Impact of Mexican Independence | |
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| Native Americans | |
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| Impact of Contact | |
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| The Surge Westward | |
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| Opening the West | |
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| Pathfinders | |
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| Mountain Men | |
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| Trailblazing | |
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| Settling the Far West | |
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| Life on the Trail | |
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| Manifest Destiny | |
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| Gone to Texas | |
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| The Texas Question | |
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| Webster-Ashburton Treaty | |
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| Oregon | |
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| The Mormon Frontier | |
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| War with Mexico | |
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| Why War? | |
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| The War | |
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| War Fever and Antiwar Protests | |
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| Peace | |
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| The Fate of Mexican Americans | |
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| The War's Significance | |
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| Political Crisis of the 1840s | |
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| The Gold Rush | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Chronology of Key Events | |
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| Chapter Summary and Key Points | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Media Resources | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| People You Should Know | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| The American Mosaic: Tejanos at the Alamo | |
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| The People Speak: A San Francisco Merchant Protests Discrimination Against the Chinese | |
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| The House Divided | |
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| John Smith Dye and The Slave Power Conspiracy | |
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| The Crisis of 1850 | |
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| The South's Dilemma | |
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| The Compromise of 1850: The Illusion of Sectional Peace | |
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| The Fugitive Slave Law | |
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| Disintegration of the Party System | |
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| The Know Nothings | |
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| Young America | |
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| The Kansas-Nebraska Act | |
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| Revival of the Slavery Issue | |
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| The Gathering Storm | |
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| "Bleeding Kansas" and "Bleeding Sumner" | |
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| The Election of 1856 | |
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| The Supreme Court Speaks | |
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| The Lecompton Compromise: "A Swindle and a Fraud" | |
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| Crisis of the Union | |
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| The Lincoln-Douglas Debates | |
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| Harpers Ferry | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Chronology of Key Events | |
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| Chapter Summary and Key Points | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Media Resources | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| People You Should Know | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| The American Mosaic: Physicians and Planters, Prescription for Slave Medical Care | |
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| The People Speak: John Brown Defends His Raid on Harpers Ferry | |
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| A Nation Shattered by Civil War, 1860-1865 | |
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| Thomas Rushin and Alvin Flint, Jr.: "Johnny Reb" and "Billy Yank" at Antietam | |
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| From Secession to Full-Scale War | |
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| Electing a New President | |
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| Secession Rends the Union | |
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| Lincoln Takes Command | |
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| An Accounting of Resources | |
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| "Forward to Richmond!" and "On to Washington" | |
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| Planning the Union Offensive | |
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| Yankee Reverses and Rebel Victories in the East | |
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| Federal Breakthrough in the West | |
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| To and From Emancipation: The War on the Home Front | |
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| An Abundance of Confederate Shortages | |
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| Directing the Northern War Effort | |
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| Issuing the Emancipation Proclamation | |
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| Emancipation Tests Northern Resolve | |
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| Breaking Confederate Resistance, 1863-1865 | |
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| The Tide Turns: Gettysburg and Vicksburg | |
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| Crushing Blows from Grant and Sherman | |
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| Total War Forces Surrender | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Chronology of Key Events | |
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| Chapter Summary and Key Points | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Media Resources | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| People You Should Know | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| The American Mosaic: Pickett's Charge at Gettysburg | |
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| The People Speak: A Request for Equal Pay for Equal Work | |
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| Map Essay: Antietam: "We Will Make Our Stand" | |
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| The Nation Reconstructed: North, South, and the West, 1865-1877 | |
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| Thomas Pinckney Confronts His Former Slaves | |
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| Postwar Conditions and Issues | |
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| The War's Impact on Individuals | |
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| Unresolved Issues | |
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| Presidential Reconstruction | |
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| Lincoln's Plan | |
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| Johnson's Plan | |
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| Black Codes in the South | |
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| Congressional Reconstruction | |
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| "Radical" Reconstruction | |
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| Black Suffrage | |
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| Reconstruction in the South | |
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| Carpetbaggers, Scalawags, and Black Republicans | |
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| Character of Republican Rule | |
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| Black and White Economic and Social Adaptation | |
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| Violent White Resistance | |
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| Reconstruction in the North and West | |
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| Northern Shifts in Attitudes | |
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| Western Expansion, Racism, and Native Americans | |
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| Final Retreat from Reconstruction | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Chronology of Key Events | |
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| Chapter Summary and Key Points | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| |
| Media Resources | |
| |
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| Key Terms | |
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| People You Should Know | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| The American Mosaic: Day of Jubilo: Slaves Confront Emancipation | |
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| The People Speak: Testimony Against the Klan | |
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| Appendix | |
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| The Declaration of Independence | |
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| The Constitution of the United States of America | |
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| Amendments to the Constitution | |
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| Presidential Elections | |
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| Present Day United States | |
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| Present Day World | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Credits | |
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| Index | |
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| Expanded Chapter Review and Practice Tests | |