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| Finding What You Need | |
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| Introduction: The Process of Writing | |
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| The writing situation | |
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| Development and focus | |
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| Revision | |
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| Source documentation | |
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| Editing and proofreading | |
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| Effective Sentences: Checklist | |
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| Emphasis | |
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| Subjects and verbs | |
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| Sentence beginnings and endings | |
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| Coordination | |
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| Subordination | |
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| Conciseness | |
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| Focusing on subject and verb | |
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| Cutting empty words | |
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| Cutting unneeded repetition | |
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| Reducing clauses and phrases | |
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| Cutting there is or it is | |
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| Combining sentences | |
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| Parallelism | |
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| With and, but, or, nor, yet | |
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| With both...and, either...or, etc. | |
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| With lists, headings, outlines | |
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| Variety and Details | |
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| Varied sentence lengths and structures | |
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| Details | |
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| Appropriate Words | |
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| Nonstandard dialect | |
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| Slang | |
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| Colloquial language | |
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| Technical words | |
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| Indirect and pretentious writing | |
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| Sexist and other biased language | |
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| Exact Words | |
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| Right word for meaning | |
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| Concrete and specific words | |
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| Idioms | |
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| Cliches | |
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| Grammatical Sentences: Checklist | |
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| Verbs | |
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| Forms | |
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| Sing/sang/sung and other irregular verbs | |
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| Helping verbs | |
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| Verb + gerund or infinitive | |
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| Verb + particle | |
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| Tenses | |
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| Present tense (sing) | |
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| Perfect tenses (have/had/will have sung) | |
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| Consistency | |
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| Sequence | |
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| Mood | |
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| Subjunctive (I wish I were) | |
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| Consistency | |
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| Voice | |
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| She wrote it (active) vs. It was written (passive) | |
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| Consistency | |
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| Subject-Verb Agreement | |
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| -s ending for noun or verb | |
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| Words between subject and verb | |
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| Subjects with and | |
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| Subjects with or or nor | |
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| Everyone and other indefinite pronouns | |
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| Team and other collective nouns | |
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| Who, which, that | |
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| News and other singular nouns ending in -s | |
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| Inverted word order | |
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| Is, are, and other linking verbs | |
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| Pronouns | |
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| Forms | |
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| She and I vs. her and me | |
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| It was she vs. It was her | |
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| Who vs. whom | |
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| Other constructions | |
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| Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement | |
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| Antecedents with and | |
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| Antecedents with or or nor | |
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| Everyone, person, and other indefinite words | |
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| Team and other collective nouns | |
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| Pronoun Reference | |
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| Single antecedent | |
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| Close antecedent | |
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| Specific antecedent | |
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| Consistency | |
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| Modifiers | |
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| Adjectives and Adverbs | |
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| Adjective vs. adverb | |
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| Adjective with linking verb: felt bad | |
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| Bigger, most talented, and other comparisons | |
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| Double negatives | |
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| Present and past participles: boring vs. bored | |
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| Articles: a, an, the | |
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| Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers | |
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| Misplaced modifiers | |
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| Dangling modifiers | |
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| Sentence Faults | |
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| Fragments | |
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| Tests | |
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| Revision | |
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| Comma Splices and Fused Sentences | |
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| Main clauses without and, but, etc. | |
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| Main clauses related by however, for example, etc. | |
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| Punctuation: Checklist | |
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| The Comma | |
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| And, but, or, nor, for, so, yet | |
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| Introductory elements | |
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| Interrupting and concluding elements | |
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| Series | |
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| Adjectives | |
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| Dates, addresses, place names, numbers | |
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| Quotations | |
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| The Semicolon | |
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| Main clauses | |
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| However, for example, etc. | |
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| Series | |
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| The Colon | |
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| For introduction | |
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| Salutations, titles and subtitles, time | |
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| The Apostrophe | |
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| Possessives | |
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| Misuses: plural noun, singular verb, personal pronoun | |
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| Contractions | |
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| Plural abbreviations, etc. | |
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| Quotation Marks | |
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| Direct quotations | |
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| Titles of works | |
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| Words used in a special sense | |
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| With other punctuation | |
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| End Punctuation | |
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| Period | |
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| Question mark | |
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| Exclamation point | |
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| Other Marks | |
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| Dash or dashes | |
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| Parentheses | |
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| Ellipsis mark | |
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| Brackets | |
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| Slash | |
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| Spelling and Mechanics: Checklist | |
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| Spelling and the Hyphen | |
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| Spelling checkers | |
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| Spelling rules | |
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| The hyphen | |
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| Capital Letters | |
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| First word of sentence | |
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| Proper nouns and adjectives | |
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| Titles and subtitles of works | |
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| Titles of persons | |
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| Online communication | |
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| Underlining or Italics | |
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| Underlining vs. italics | |
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| Titles of works | |
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| Ships, aircraft, spacecraft, trains | |
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| Foreign words and phrases | |
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| Words or characters named as words | |
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| Online alternatives | |
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| Abbreviations | |
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| Familiar abbreviations | |
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| Latin abbreviations | |
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| Words usually spelled out | |
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| Numbers | |
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| Numerals, not words | |
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| Words, not numerals | |
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| Research and Documentation: Checklist | |
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| Research Strategy | |
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| Subject, question, thesis | |
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| Goals for sources | |
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| Information gathering | |
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| Working bibliography | |
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| Finding Sources | |
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| Electronic searches | |
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| Reference works | |
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| Books | |
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| Periodicals | |
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| The Web | |
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| Online communication | |
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| Government publications | |
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| Your own sources | |
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| Evaluating and Synthesizing Sources | |
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| Evaluation | |
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| Synthesis | |
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| Integrating Sources into Your Text | |
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| Summary, paraphrase, direct quotation | |
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| Introduction and interpretation of source material | |
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| Clear boundaries for source material | |
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| Avoiding Plagiarism and Documenting Sources | |
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| Plagiarism and the Internet | |
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| What not to acknowledge | |
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| What must be acknowledged | |
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| Online sources | |
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| Source documentation | |
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| MLA Documentation and Format | |
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| Parenthetical text citations | |
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| List of works cited | |
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| Paper format | |
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| Sample pages | |
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| APA Documentation and Format | |
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| Parenthetical text citations | |
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| Reference list | |
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| Paper format | |
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| Sample pages | |
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| Chicago Documentation and Format | |
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| Notes and list of works cited | |
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| Models | |
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| Paper format | |
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| Sample pages | |
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| CSE Documentation | |
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| Name-year text citations | |
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| Numbered text citations | |
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| Reference list | |
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| Special Writing Situations | |
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| Designing Documents | |
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| Academic papers | |
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| Clear and effective documents | |
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| Writing Online | |
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| Electronic mail | |
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| Web composition | |
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| Making Oral Presentations | |
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| Organization | |
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| Delivery | |
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| Writing for Business | |
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| Job-application letter | |
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| Resume | |
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| Memo | |
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| Glossary of Usage | |
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| Glossary of Terms | |
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| Index | |