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Ancient Africa | |
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From Human Beginnings to the Rise of Egypt | |
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The Spread of Islam | |
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The Emergence of West African Kingdoms | |
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Central African Kingdoms | |
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African Ways of Life | |
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First Person: Leo Africanus Describes Timbuktu | |
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First Person: King Sundiata's Triumph over the Ghanaian King (oral legend) | |
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First Person: Praise-chant for Og�n, Deity of Iron and War | |
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First Person: African Proverbs | |
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Africa and the Atlantic World | |
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Africa and Europe: The Fatal Connection | |
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Africa and the Rising Atlantic World | |
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The Trauma of Enslavement | |
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Early Africans in North America | |
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First Person: Oladuah Equiano Describes his Enslavement | |
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First Person: Slave Ship Captain Explains Bargaining for Slaves on African Coast | |
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First Person: A Slave Ship Surgeon Describes the Middle Passage | |
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First Person: Ottobah Cugano Describes Mid-Atlantic Slave Mutiny | |
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Africans in Early North America, 1619-1726 | |
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The First Africans in English North America | |
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The Fateful Transition | |
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Defining Slavery, Defining Race | |
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Slavery and Race North of the Chesapeake | |
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Beyond English Boundaries | |
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First Person: Francis Payne Leaves a Will | |
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First Person: A Virginia Planter Defines Slavery (1705) | |
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First Person: White Convict James Revel Relates Laboring with Africans | |
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First Person: The First Antislavery Protest | |
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Africans in Bondage: Early Eighteenth Century to the American Revolution | |
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Colonial Slavery at Full Tide | |
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The Negotiated Bondage | |
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Afro-Floridians and Afro-Louisianans in North America | |
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Becoming African American | |
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Forging Freedom | |
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First Person: Petitioning Boston Slaves Lament Family Life (1773) | |
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First Person: Venture Smith Tells of Early Freedom | |
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First Person: Redeeming Sin: A Black Christian's Account | |
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First Person: The Character of Job Ben Solomon | |
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The Revolutionary Era: Crossroads of Freedom | |
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Opposition to British Tyranny and the Fever of Freedom | |
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African Americans and the American Revolution | |
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Rhetoric and Reality in the New Nation | |
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The Constitutional Settlement | |
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The Resettlement of African American Loyalists | |
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First Person: Lemuel Haynes Calls for Universal Liberty | |
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First Person: Boston King Describes End of War for Black Loyalists | |
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First Person: Jehu Grant Fights for the Patriot Cause | |
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First Person: Belinda Petitions for a Small Pension | |
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First Person: Benjamin Banneker Chides Thomas Jefferson | |
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After the Revolution: Constructing Free Life and Combating Slavery, 1787-1816 | |
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The Emergence of Free Black Communities | |
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"Under Our Vine and Fig Tree." | |
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Black Revolution in Haiti | |
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The Spread of Slavery | |
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Slave Resistance | |
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Black Identity in the New Nation | |
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First Person: Benjamin Tanner Recalls How early Black Churches Offend Whites | |
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First Person: New Orleans Freemen Seek Assurances from Louisiana's New Rulers | |
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First Person: A Black Minister Celebrates End of Slave Trade | |
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First Person: A Virginia Slave Explains Gabriel's Rebellion | |
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First Person: A Black Sailmaker Lectures White Citizens | |
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African Americans in the Antebellum Era | |
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Black Religion in the Antebellum Era | |
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The Expansion of Slavery | |
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Slave Life and Labor | |
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Resistance and Rebellion | |
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Free Black Organizing | |
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First Person: Jarena Lee Preaches to the Downtrodden | |
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First Person: Solomon Northup Describes a New Orleans Slave Auction | |
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First Person: William Wells Brown Recalls Slaves Sent to Lower South | |
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First Person: David Walker Exhorts Black American to Rise Against Their Oppressors | |
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First Person: Nat Turner Tells of His Vision to Strike Against Slavery | |
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African Americans in the Reform Era, 1831-1850 | |
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Black Americans in the Expanding Nation | |
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Colored Americans and Reform | |
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The Abolitionist Movement | |
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Limitations and Opportunities | |
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First Person: Maria Stewart Challenges Audiences | |
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First Person: Ames Curry Refuses to be Whipped | |
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First Person: Daniel Payne Abhors Slavery's Brutalization | |
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First Person: William Lloyd Garrison Dreams of a Color-Blind America | |
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First Person: Henry Highland Garnet Urges the Enslaved to "Strike the Blow." | |
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A Prelude to War: The 1850s | |
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The Struggle Over the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 | |
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The Power of Stories | |
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The Changing South | |
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Black Exiles Abroad and at Home | |
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Sectional Crisis | |
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First Person: Jermain Loguen Defies the Fugitive Slave Law | |
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First Person: Solomon Northup Decries Slavemaster's Cruelty | |
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First Person: A Plea from James Phillips | |
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First Person: Mary Ann Shadd Considers Colonization | |
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First Person: Frederick Douglass Reflects on "Bleeding Kansas." | |
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Civil War and the Promises of Freedom: The Turbulent 1860s | |
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"A White Man's War." | |
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War and Freedom | |
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Emancipation as Military and Political Strategy | |
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"Men of Color: To Arms." | |
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1863: The Tide Turns | |
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An Incomplete Victory | |
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First Person: A Slave Remembers Choosing Freedom | |
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First Person: Black Soldiers Petition for Equal Pay | |
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First Person: Joseph Miller Describes Camp Life | |
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First Person: Henry Highland Garnet Demands the Vote | |
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First Person: Two Views of the Freedman's Bureau | |
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Post Civil War Reconstruction: A New National Era | |
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Postwar Reconstruction | |
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Elected Black Leaders | |
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Citizenship and Suffrage | |
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The Freedman's Bank | |
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Washington, D.C. in the "New National Era." | |
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The End of Reconstruction | |
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Migration | |
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First Person: Frances Ellen Watkins Harper Outlines a Plan | |
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First Person: Madison Hemings Recalls his Family History | |
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First Person: The New National Era reports Washington Social Life | |
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First Person: Simon Smith Laments the End of Hope | |
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First Person: John E. Bruce Promotes Africa | |
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The Post-Reconstruction South | |
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Education to Make a Living and a Life | |
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The Lure of Cities | |
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The Economics and Politics of Unity | |
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Finding a Place to Uplift the Race | |
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Terror and Accommodation | |
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First Person: Blanche K. Bruce on American Indians | |
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First Person: Alexander Crummell Pleads for Women of the South | |
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First Person: Timothy Thomas Fortune's View of Labor | |
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First Person: Anna Julia Cooper on Black Womens Progres.s | |
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First Person: Booker T. Washington Predicts a "New Heaven." | |
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"Colored" | |
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Becomes "Negro" | |
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in the Progressive Era | |
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Racial Segregation | |
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The Problem of the Color Line | |
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Accommodation or Agitation? | |
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Black Culture | |
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Black Progress | |
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The "New Abolition." | |
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First Person: Lucy Laney on Negro Women's Education | |
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First Person: W.E.B. DuBois Eulogizes his Rival | |
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First Person: Paul Laurence Dunbar Tells the African American Story | |
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First Person: Fred Johnson Remembers his Youth | |
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First Person: William Bulkley on Race and Economics | |
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The Making of the "New Negro": From World War I to the Great Depression | |
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"Over There" | |
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. . and Back Here | |
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The Challenge of Garveyism | |
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New Beginnings in the Urban North and West | |
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The Harlem Renaissance and "New Negro." | |
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The Jazz Age | |
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The Crisis of the Late 1920s | |
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First Person: Asa Philip Randolph Demands a New Ministry | |
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First Person: Marcus Garvey Reconceives Christianity | |
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First Person: Alice Moore Dunbar-Nelson Trains Black Speakers | |
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First Person: Langston Hughes Dignifies Adversity | |
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First Person: J.W. Johnson Considers the Alternatives | |
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The New Politics of the Great Depression: The 1930s | |
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Black Reds in Desperate Times | |
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Black Militancy | |
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A New Deal for African Americans? | |
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Black Artists and the Cultural Mainstream | |
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First Person: Ella Baker and Marvel Cooke, "The Bronx Slave Market." | |
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First Person: T. Arnold Hill and "The Negro Worker in the 1930s | |
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First Person: Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. and "The Fight for Jobs." | |
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Fighting Fascism Abroad and Racism at Home: The 1940s | |
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African Americans in the Armed Forces | |
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Racial Issues on the Home Front | |
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Postwar Dilemmas | |
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Cold War Split in African American Politics | |
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Racial Dimensions of Postwar American Popular Culture | |
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First Person: Pauli Murrays Report on 1943 Race Riot in Harlem | |
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First Person: A Declaration by Negro Voters | |
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First Person: Ralph Bunche on Peace in our Time | |
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First Person: Committee on Civil Rights, To Secure These Rights | |
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Emergence of a Mass Movement Against Jim Crow: The 1950s | |
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Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka | |
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America after Brown | |
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Montgomery's Bus Boycott and Southern Christian Leadership Conference | |
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The Little Rock Nine | |
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The Student Sit-In Movement of 1960 | |
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First Person: Kenneth Clark on How Children Learn About Race | |
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First Person: Anne Moody Recalls the Murder of Emmett Till | |
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First Person: Melba Pattillo on Being a Racial Pioneer | |
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Marching toward Freedom: The Early and Mid-1960s | |
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Grassroots Struggle in the Deep South | |
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The Nationalization of Civil Rights | |
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March on Washington and Freedom Summer | |
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Malcolm X and the Debate over the Movement's Direction | |
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Voting Rights and Violence | |
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First Person: Fannie Lou Hamer on Deciding to Vote | |
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First Person: Bayard Rustin on a Change in Strategy | |
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First Person: Stokely Carmichael on Black Power | |
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Resistance, Repression, and Retrenchment | |
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Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Wars Against Communism and Poverty | |
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The Black Panthers, Revolution, and the Repression of Black Militancy | |
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The New Black Consciousness | |
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That Pick Cotton Now Can Pick our Elected Officials | |
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The Vietnam War Comes Home | |
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Black Politics in the Aftermath of Rebellion | |
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First Person: Black Panther Party Platform | |
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First Person: National Black Political Agenda | |
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First Person: Pauli Murray on Black Studies Programs | |
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Gender Battles in a Conservative Era: 1979-1991 | |
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The Black Response to the Trend Toward Conservatism | |
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The Emergence of Modern Black Feminism | |
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Sexual Politics of Black Popular Culture | |
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Black Politics during the Reagan Presidency | |
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Anita Hill, Clarence Thomas, and the Politics of Gender | |
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Continuing Struggles Over Identity and Destiny: 1992-present | |
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Race and the Criminal Justice System | |
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Resurgence of Black Males | |
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The Racial Dilemmas of the Clinton Presidency | |
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Black Intellectuals and Artists Assess Racial Cultures | |
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Spike Lee's New Film | |
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African Americans in the 21st Century | |