| |
| |
| |
| Writing Paragraphs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Understanding the Writing Process | |
| |
| |
| |
| Planning | |
| |
| |
| |
| Understanding Paragraph Structure | |
| |
| |
| |
| Focusing on Your Assignment, Purpose, and Audience | |
| |
| |
| |
| Finding Ideas | |
| |
| |
| Freewriting | |
| |
| |
| Brainstorming | |
| |
| |
| Clustering | |
| |
| |
| Journal Writing | |
| |
| |
| |
| Identifying Your Main Idea and Writing a Topic Sentence | |
| |
| |
| |
| Organizing | |
| |
| |
| |
| Choosing Supporting Points | |
| |
| |
| |
| Arranging Supporting Points | |
| |
| |
| |
| Drafting | |
| |
| |
| |
| Drafting Your Paragraph | |
| |
| |
| |
| Testing Your Paragraph | |
| |
| |
| |
| Revising and Editing | |
| |
| |
| |
| Revising Your Paragraph | |
| |
| |
| |
| Editing Your Paragraph | |
| |
| |
| |
| TESTing Your Paragraphs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Using a Topic Sentence to Unify Your Paragraph | |
| |
| |
| |
| Using Evidence to Support Your Paragraph's Main Idea | |
| |
| |
| |
| Using a Summary Statement to Reinforce Your Paragraph's Unity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Using Transitions to Add Coherence to Your Paragraph | |
| |
| |
| |
| Patterns of Paragraph Development | |
| |
| |
| |
| Using Exemplification | |
| |
| |
| |
| What Is Exemplification? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Writing an Exemplification Paragraph | |
| |
| |
| |
| Using Narration | |
| |
| |
| |
| What Is Narration? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Writing a Narrative Paragraph | |
| |
| |
| |
| Using Description | |
| |
| |
| |
| What Is Description? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Writing a Descriptive Paragraph | |
| |
| |
| |
| Using Process | |
| |
| |
| |
| What Is Process? | |
| |
| |
| Process Explanations | |
| |
| |
| Instructions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Writing a Process Paragraph | |
| |
| |
| |
| Using Cause and Effect | |
| |
| |
| |
| What Is Cause and Effect? | |
| |
| |
| Causes | |
| |
| |
| Effects | |
| |
| |
| |
| Writing a Cause-and-Effect Paragraph | |
| |
| |
| |
| Using Comparison and Contrast | |
| |
| |
| |
| What Is Comparison and Contrast? | |
| |
| |
| Subject-by-Subject Comparisons | |
| |
| |
| Point-by-Point Comparisons | |
| |
| |
| |
| Writing a Comparison-and-Contrast Paragraph | |
| |
| |
| |
| Classification | |
| |
| |
| |
| What Is Classification? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Writing a Classification Paragraph | |
| |
| |
| |
| Definition | |
| |
| |
| |
| What Is Definition? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Writing a Definition Paragraph | |
| |
| |
| |
| Using Argument | |
| |
| |
| |
| What Is Argument? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Writing an Argument Paragraph | |
| |
| |
| |
| Writing Essays | |
| |
| |
| |
| Writing an Essay | |
| |
| |
| |
| Planning | |
| |
| |
| |
| Understanding Essay Structure | |
| |
| |
| |
| Focusing on Your Assignment, Purpose, and Audience | |
| |
| |
| |
| Finding Ideas | |
| |
| |
| Freewriting | |
| |
| |
| Brainstorming | |
| |
| |
| |
| Identifying Your Main Idea and State Your Thesis | |
| |
| |
| |
| Organizing | |
| |
| |
| |
| Choosing Supporting Points | |
| |
| |
| |
| Arranging Your Supporting Points | |
| |
| |
| |
| Drafting | |
| |
| |
| |
| Drafting Your Essay | |
| |
| |
| |
| Testing Your Essay | |
| |
| |
| |
| Revising and Editing | |
| |
| |
| |
| Revising Your Essay | |
| |
| |
| |
| Editing Your Essay | |
| |
| |
| |
| Checking Your Essay's Format | |
| |
| |
| |
| Writing Introductions and Conclusions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introductions | |
| |
| |
| Beginning with a Narrative | |
| |
| |
| Beginning with a Question (or a Series of Questions) | |
| |
| |
| Beginning with a Definition | |
| |
| |
| Beginning with a Quotation | |
| |
| |
| Beginning with a Surprising Statement | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conclusions | |
| |
| |
| Concluding with a Narrative | |
| |
| |
| Concluding with a Prediction | |
| |
| |
| Concluding with a Recommendation | |
| |
| |
| Concluding with a Quotation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Patterns of Essay Development | |
| |
| |
| |
| Exemplification | |
| |
| |
| Model Exemplification Essay | |
| |
| |
| |
| Narration | |
| |
| |
| Model Narrative Essay | |
| |
| |
| |
| Description | |
| |
| |
| Model Descriptive Essay | |
| |
| |
| |
| Process | |
| |
| |
| Model Process Essay | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cause and Effect | |
| |
| |
| Model-and-Effect Essay | |
| |
| |
| |
| Comparison and Contrast | |
| |
| |
| Model Comparison-and Contrast Essay | |
| |
| |
| |
| Classification | |
| |
| |
| Model Classification Essay | |
| |
| |
| |
| Definition | |
| |
| |
| Model Definition Essay | |
| |
| |
| |
| Argument | |
| |
| |
| Model Argument Essay | |
| |
| |
| |
| Writing Sentences | |
| |
| |
| |
| Writing Simple Sentences | |
| |
| |
| |
| Subjects | |
| |
| |
| |
| Prepositional Phrases | |
| |
| |
| |
| Verbs | |
| |
| |
| Action Verbs | |
| |
| |
| Linking Verbs | |
| |
| |
| Helping Verbs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Writing Compound Sentences | |
| |
| |
| |
| Using Coordinating Conjunctions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Using Semicolons | |
| |
| |
| |
| Using Transitional Words and Phrases | |
| |
| |
| |
| Writing Complex Sentences | |
| |
| |
| |
| Identifying Complex Sentences | |
| |
| |
| |
| Using Subordinating Conjunctions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Using Relative Pronouns | |
| |
| |
| |
| Writing Varied Sentences | |
| |
| |
| |
| Varying Sentence Types | |
| |
| |
| |
| Varying Sentence Openings | |
| |
| |
| Beginning with Adverbs | |
| |
| |
| Beginning with Prepositional Phrases | |
| |
| |
| |
| Combining Sentences | |
| |
| |
| Using Present Participles | |
| |
| |
| Using Past Participles | |
| |
| |
| Using a Series of Words | |
| |
| |
| Using Appositives | |
| |
| |
| |
| Varying Sentence Length | |
| |
| |
| |
| Using Parallelism | |
| |
| |
| |
| Recognizing Parallel Structure | |
| |
| |
| |
| Using Parallel Structure | |
| |
| |
| Paired Items | |
| |
| |
| Items in a Series | |
| |
| |
| Items in a List or in an Outline | |
| |
| |
| |
| Using Words Effectively | |
| |
| |
| |
| Using Specific Words | |
| |
| |
| |
| Using Concise Language | |
| |
| |
| |
| Avoiding Slang | |
| |
| |
| |
| Avoiding Clich�s | |
| |
| |
| |
| Using Similes and Metaphors | |
| |
| |
| |
| Avoiding Sexist Language | |
| |
| |
| |
| Solving Common Sentence Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Run-Ons | |
| |
| |
| |
| Recognizing Run-Ons | |
| |
| |
| |
| Correcting Run-Ons | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sentence Fragments | |
| |
| |
| |
| Recognizing Fragments | |
| |
| |
| |
| Missing-Subject Fragments | |
| |
| |
| |
| Phrase Fragments Appositive Fragments | |
| |
| |
| Prepositional Phrase Fragments | |
| |
| |
| |
| Incomplete-Verb Fragments | |
| |
| |
| - ing Fragments | |
| |
| |
| Infinitive Fragments | |
| |
| |
| |
| Dependent Clause Fragments | |
| |
| |
| |
| Subject-Verb Agreement | |
| |
| |
| |
| Understanding Subject-Verb Agreement | |
| |
| |
| |
| Compound Subjects | |
| |
| |
| |
| Be, Have, and Do | |
| |
| |
| |
| Words between Subject and Verb | |
| |
| |
| |
| Collective Noun Subjects | |
| |
| |
| |
| Indefinite Pronoun Subjects | |
| |
| |
| |
| Verbs before Subjects | |
| |
| |
| |
| Illogical Shifts | |
| |
| |
| |
| Shifts in Tense | |
| |
| |
| |
| Shifts in Person | |
| |
| |
| |
| Shifts in Voice | |
| |
| |
| |
| Dangling and Misplaced Modifiers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Correcting Dangling Modifiers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Correcting Misplaced Modifiers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Understanding Basic Grammar | |
| |
| |
| |
| Verbs: Past Tense | |
| |
| |
| |
| Regular Verbs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Irregular Verbs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Problem Verbs: Be | |
| |
| |
| |
| Problem Verbs: Can/Could and Will/Would | |
| |
| |
| Can/Could | |
| |
| |
| Will/Would | |
| |
| |
| |
| Verbs: Past Participles | |
| |
| |
| |
| Regular Past Participles | |
| |
| |
| |
| Irregular Past Participles | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Present Perfect Tense | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Past Perfect Tense | |
| |
| |
| |
| Past Participles as Adjectives | |
| |
| |
| |
| Nouns and Pronouns | |
| |
| |
| |
| Identifying Nouns | |
| |
| |
| |
| Forming Plural Nouns | |
| |
| |
| |
| Identifying Pronouns | |
| |
| |
| |
| Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement | |
| |
| |
| |
| Special Problems with Agreement | |
| |
| |
| Compound Antecedents | |
| |
| |
| Indefinite Pronoun Antecedents | |
| |
| |
| Collective Noun Antecedents | |
| |
| |
| |
| Pronoun Case | |
| |
| |
| Subjective Case | |
| |
| |
| Objective Case | |
| |
| |
| Possessive Case | |
| |
| |
| |
| Special Problems with Case | |
| |
| |
| Pronouns in Compounds | |
| |
| |
| Pronouns in Comparisons | |
| |
| |
| Who and Whom | |
| |
| |
| |
| Reflexive Pronouns | |
| |
| |
| |
| Adjectives and Adverbs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Identifying Adjectives and Adverbs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Comparatives and Superlatives | |
| |
| |
| Forming Comparatives and Superlatives | |
| |
| |
| Solving Special Problems with Comparatives and Superlatives | |
| |
| |
| |
| Grammar and Usage for ESL Writers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Subjects in Sentences | |
| |
| |
| |
| Plural Nouns | |
| |
| |
| |
| Count and Noncount Nouns | |
| |
| |
| |
| Determiners with Count and Noncount Nouns | |
| |
| |
| |
| Articles | |
| |
| |
| The Definite Article | |
| |
| |
| Indefinite Articles | |
| |
| |
| No Article | |
| |
| |
| Articles with Proper Nouns | |
| |
| |
| |
| Negative Statements and Questions | |
| |
| |
| Negative Statements | |
| |
| |
| Questions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Verb Tense | |
| |
| |
| |
| Stative Verbs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Modal Auxiliaries | |
| |
| |
| |
| Gerunds | |
| |
| |
| |
| Placing Modifiers in Order | |
| |
| |
| Required Order | |
| |
| |
| Preferred Order | |
| |
| |
| |
| Choosing Prepositions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Prepositions in Familiar Expressions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Prepositions in Phrasal Verbs | |
| |
| |
| Separable Phrasal Verbs | |
| |
| |
| Inseparable Phrasal Verbs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Understanding Punctuation, Mechanics, and Spelling | |
| |
| |
| |
| Using Commas | |
| |
| |
| |
| Commas in a Series | |
| |
| |
| |
| Commas with Introductory Phrases and Transitional Words and Phrases | |
| |
| |
| Introductory Phrases | |
| |
| |
| Transitional Words and Phrases | |
| |
| |
| |
| Commas with Appositives | |
| |
| |
| |
| Commas with Nonrestrictive Clauses | |
| |
| |
| |
| Commas in Dates and Addresses | |
| |
| |
| Dates | |
| |
| |
| Addresses | |
| |
| |
| |
| Unnecessary Commas | |
| |
| |
| |
| Using Apostrophes | |
| |
| |
| |
| Apostrophes in Contractions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Apostrophes in Possessives | |
| |
| |
| Singular Nouns and Indefinite Pronouns | |
| |
| |
| Plural Nouns | |
| |
| |
| |
| Incorrect Use of Apostrophes | |
| |
| |
| |
| Using Other Punctuation Marks | |
| |
| |
| |
| Semicolons | |
| |
| |
| |
| Colons | |
| |
| |
| |
| Dashes and Parentheses | |
| |
| |
| |
| Understanding Mechanics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Capitalizing Proper Nouns | |
| |
| |
| |
| Punctuating Quotations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Setting Off Titles | |
| |
| |
| |
| Hyphens | |
| |
| |
| |
| Abbreviations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Numbers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Understanding Spelling | |
| |
| |
| |
| Becoming a Better Speller | |
| |
| |
| |
| ie and ei | |
| |
| |
| |
| Prefixes | |
| |
| |
| |
| Suffixes | |
| |
| |
| Words Ending in Silent e | |
| |
| |
| Words Ending in -y | |
| |
| |
| Doubling the Final Consonant | |
| |
| |
| |
| Commonly Confused Words | |
| |
| |
| |
| Reading Essays | |
| |
| |
| |
| Reading Critically | |
| |
| |
| |
| Previewing | |
| |
| |
| |
| Highlighting | |
| |
| |
| |
| Annotating | |
| |
| |
| |
| Outlining | |
| |
| |
| |
| Summarizing | |
| |
| |
| |
| Writing a Response Paragraph | |
| |
| |
| |
| Readings for Writers | |
| |
| |
| Exemplification | |
| |
| |
| �ǣDon't Call Me a Hot Tamale, Judith Ortiz Cofe | |