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| Preface | |
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| Introduction for Students | |
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| The Ancient World, from Human Origins to 500, c.e. | |
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| Peopling the World, to 4000 b.c.e. | |
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| Theories of Human Evolution | |
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| The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex (1871) | |
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| Tracing Ancestry with MtDNA (2002) | |
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| Finding Fossils | |
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| Lucy: The Beginnings of Humankind (1981) | |
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| Oldest Skeleton of Human Ancestor Found (2009) | |
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| Interpreting Paleolithic Art | |
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| A Meeting in Lascaux: Civilized Man Rediscovers the Man of Desire (1953) | |
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| Ethnography as a Source of Historical Research | |
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| The Aborigines of Western Australia (1894) | |
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| Temples and Palaces: Birth of the City, 5000-1200 b.c.e. | |
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| The King Guarantees Justice in the Land | |
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| Hammurabi of Babylon, The Law Code of Hammurabi (c. 1755 B.c.E.) | |
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| The Importance of Scribes in Egypt and Mesopotamia | |
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| Advice to Egyptian Scribes (Thirteenth to Twelfth Centuries b.c.e.) | |
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| Dialogue between a Mesopotamian Schoolboy and an Adult (Eighteenth Century b.c.e.) | |
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| Marriage as Earliest International Diplomacy | |
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| Kadashman-Enlil of Babylon, The King of Babylonia Complains He Cannot Get an Egyptian Princess as Wife (1350 b.c.e.) | |
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| Puduhepa of Hatti, The Queen of the Hittites Explains Why Her Daughter Has Not Yet Gone to Egypt (c. 1260 b.c.e.) | |
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| The Egyptian Concern with Death | |
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| Unas Pyramid Texts (c. 2345 b.c.e.) | |
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| Contrasting Views: Can Humans Attain Immortality? | |
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| The Epic of Gilgamesh (Eighteenth or Seventeenth Century b.c.e.) and The Epic of Gilgamesh (Seventh Century b.c.e.) | |
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| Sargon of Assyria, The King Boasts of His Building a New Capital City (c. 710 b.c.e.) | |
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| Settlers and Migrants: The Creation of States in Asia, 5000-500 b.c.e. | |
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| Undeciphered Writing | |
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| Indus Valley Clay Tablet (2600-1900 b.c.e.) | |
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| Sacred Knowledge | |
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| Hymns from The Rig Veda (1500-900 b.c.e.) | |
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| A Vedic View on the Role of Women | |
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| The Laws of Manu (c. 100 b.c.e.-200 c.e.) | |
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| The Earliest Evidence of Chinese Writing Oracle Bones (c. 1200-1050 b.c.e.) | |
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| Life in Early China | |
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| The Book of Songs (c. 1027-771 b.c.e.) | |
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| Creation of Empire: North Africa and Southwest Asia, 1550-330 b.c.e. | |
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| Life in the Egyptian Empire | |
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| A Military Career in Egypt's New Kingdom (c. 1550 b.c.e.) | |
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| The Biography of a High Priest of Amun Bakenkhons (c. 1275 b.c.e.) | |
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| Foreign Conquerers in Egypt | |
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| The Nubian Conquest of Egypt (727 b.c.e.) | |
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| Assyrians Predict the Future by Reading the Signs of the Gods | |
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| Mesopotamian Omens (c. 650 b.c.e.) | |
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| The Persians Honor the God Ahuramazda | |
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| Gathas (1700-500 b.c.e.) | |
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| Life in the Jewish Community at Egyptian Elephantine | |
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| The Yedoniah Archive (c. 419-407 b.c.e.) | |
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| The Greeks and the Wider World, 1200-30 b.c.e. | |
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| Description of a Farmer's Life | |
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| Hesiod, Works and Days (c 700 b.c.e.) | |
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| What Law to Obey: Human or Divine? | |
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| Antigone (c 441 b.c.e.) | |
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| Contrasting Views: Is Democracy Good or Bad? | |
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| Thucydides, The Peloponnesian Wars (431 b.c.e.) | |
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| Plato, The Republic (c 380 b.c.e.) | |
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| An Athenian Court in Action | |
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| The Trial of Neaira (c 350 b.c.e.) | |
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| Representing Foreigners | |
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| A Classical Greek Depiction of a Dying Gaul (c 230-220 b.c.e.) | |
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| Peoples and World Empires: Classical India, the Kushan Empire, and China, 500 b.c.e.-500 c.e. | |
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| Contrasting Views: The Concept of Dharma in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism | |
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| The Bhagavad Gita (c. 300 b.c.e.-300 c.e.) | |
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| King Ashoka, Inscriptions (c. 260 b.c.e.) | |
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| Mahavira Vardhamana (attrib.), The Book of Good Conduct (c. 540 B.C.E.-500 c.e.) | |
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| The Power of Love | |
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| Shakuntala (c. 450 c.e.) | |
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| Advice on Proper Behavior | |
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| Analects (c. 479-100 b.c.e.) | |
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| Government Monopolies | |
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| The Debate on Salt and Iron (81 b.c.e.) | |
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| A Description of the Nomad's Lifestyle | |
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| Records of the Grand Historian (c. 100 b.c.e.) | |
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| The Unification of Western Eurasia, 500 b.c.e.-500 c.e. | |
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| The Decline of Roman Moral Values | |
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| Roman Women Protest Against the Oppian Law (195 b.c.e.) | |
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| A Glorification of Emperor Augustus | |
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| The Aeneid (19 b.c.e.) | |
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| Merging Biblical and Roman Ideas | |
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| City of God (413-426 c.e.) | |
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| Rome Meets the East | |
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| The Story of Queen Zenobia (c 395 c.e.) | |
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| Religious Debates in the Early Centuries c.e. | |
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| The Three Great Founders (c. 250 c.e.) | |
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| The Deeds of Archelaos (c 350 c.e.) | |
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| Reading the Unwritten Record: Peoples of Africa, the Americas, and the Pacific Islands, 3000 b.c.e.-500 c.e. | |
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| An Early Ethnographic Description of Sub-Saharan Africa Ibn Battuta, Travels (1353-1355 c.e.) | |
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| Weaving as Visual Expression | |
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| The Paracas Mantle (c. 100-300 c.e.) | |
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| Tales of Andean Origins | |
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| Huarochiri Manuscript (c 1600 c.e.) | |
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| Women and Writing in Ancient China | |
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| Lessons for Women (c. 100 c.e.) | |
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| The Power of Writing | |
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| Odes (23 b.c.e.) | |
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| A Eulogy to Dead Authors (c 1200 b.c.e.) | |
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| The Formation of Regional Societies, 500-1450 c.e. | |
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| The Worlds of Christianity and Islam, 400-1000 | |
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| The Making of a Christian Saint | |
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| The Life of Saint Eligius (609-686) | |
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| The Pastoral Mission | |
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| Pope Gregory the Great, Letters (591-597) | |
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| Tyrannical Rule of Justinian and Theodora | |
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| Procopius, The Secret History (c. 550-c. 560) | |
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| Contrasting Views: The Debate over Divine Images in Byzantine Christianity | |
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| John of Damascus, From On Holy Images (c 730) | |
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| The Council of 754 Condemns Icons | |
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| John of Jerusalem on the Origins of the Iconoclasm Movement (787) | |
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| Muhammad Begins His Public Preaching | |
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| The Life of the Messenger of God (Eighth Century) | |
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| The Caliph Relieves an Honorable Jurist of His Debts | |
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| The Table-Talk of a Mesopotamian Judge (Tenth Century) | |
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| Religion and Cross-Cultural Exchange in Asia, 400-1000 | |
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| Travels of the Buddhist Pilgrim Xuanzang in Sogdia and Afghanistan | |
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| The Life of Xuanzang (688) | |
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| Ibn Fadlan's Travels Among the Turks and Khazars | |
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| Journey to Russia (921-922) | |
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| Instructions for My Sons | |
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| Family Instructions of the Yan Clan (589) | |
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| Contrasting Views: The Reception of Buddhism in East Asia | |
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| Yan Zhitui, A Confucian Scholar's Dedication to Buddhism (589) | |
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| Han Yu, Memorial on the Bone of the Buddha (819) | |
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| The Chronicle of Japan (Nihongi) (720) | |
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| Conduct of the Well-Bred Townsman | |
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| Kama Sutra (c. 400) | |
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| Scenes from Eighth-Century Java | |
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| Central Java (c. 760-820) | |
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| Societies and Networks in the Americas and the Pacific, 300-1200 | |
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| A Maya Sculpted Tablet | |
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| Inscription of the Temple of the Tree of Yellow Corn (690) | |
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| Origins of the Human Race in Maya Mythology | |
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| The Sacred Book of the Maya (c. mid-1500s) | |
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| Peoples and Customs of the Lake Titicaca Region | |
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| Cronica del Peru (1553) | |
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| Zuni Oral Traditions on the Origins and Dispersal of the Clans | |
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| The Mythic World of the Zuni (1891-1892) | |
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| Images of Divine Power | |
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| Hawaiian Gods of Agriculture and War (Late Eighteenth-Early Nineteenth Century) | |
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| The Rise of Commerce in Eurasia and Africa, 900-1300 | |
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| Guidelines for Estate Management | |
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| The Rules (c. 1240) | |
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| The Market Inspector at Seville | |
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| The Markets of Seville (c. 1100) | |
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| Splendors of Hangzhou | |
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| A Memoir of the Splendors of the Capital (c. 1235) | |
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| Angkor and Java: Lands Across the Sea | |
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| A Gazetteer of Lands Across the Sea (1225) | |
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| Business Partnerships in Florence | |
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| Diary (1375-1406) | |
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| Centers of Learning and the Transmission of Culture, 900-1300 | |
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| A Controversial Christian Theologian | |
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| The Story of My Misfortunes (c. 1132) | |
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| Spiritual Quest of a Female Mystic | |
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| The Book of Margery Kempe (c. 1436-1438) | |
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| The Education of Ibn Sina | |
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| The Life of Ibn Sina, from The History of Learned Men (c. 1227) | |
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| Contrasting Views Reason Versus Revelation in Islamic Learning | |
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| Abu Hamid Muhammad al-Ghazali, Deliverance from Error (c. 1110) | |
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| On the Harmony of Religion and Philosophy (c. 1190) | |
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| Sharafuddin Ahmad Yahya Maneri, Letters (1346-1347) | |
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| Fate and Fortune in China's Civil Service Examinations | |
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| Tales of the Listener (1160-1180) | |
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| Court Life in Japan from a Woman's Perspective | |
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| The Pillow Book (c. 1002) | |
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| Crusaders, Mongols, and Eurasian Integration, j 1050-1350 | |
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| The Great Schism in the Christian Church | |
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| Reciprocal Excommunications (1054) | |
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| The Crusaders in Captivity John of Joinville, The Life of Saint Louis (1309) | |
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| I The Christian Conquest of Valencia | |
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| The Chronicle of Jaime I of Aragon (1238) and the Charter Issued by Jaime I (1242) | |
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| Contrasting Views: European and Muslim Depictions of the Mongol Khans | |
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| The History of the World Conqueror (c. 1252-1260) | |
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| The Journey of Friar William of Rubruck (c. 1255) | |
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| Marco Polo, The Description of the World (c. 1307) | |
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| Mongol Rule in Russia | |
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| Medieval Russian Chronicles (c. 1257-1409) | |
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| Collapse and Revival in Afro-Eurasia. 1300-1450 | |
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| The Plague in Florence and Its Economic Effects | |
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| Florentine Chronicle (c. 1370-1380) | |
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| The English Peasant Revolt | |
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| Chronicles of England, France, Spain, and the Adjoining Countries (1400) | |
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| The Ming Emperor's Rules for Village Government | |
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| The Placard of the People's Instructions (1398) | |
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| Religious Allegory in Persian Manuscript Illuminations | |
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| Prince Humay Meets the Lady Humayun in Her Garden by Moonlight (Early Fifteenth Century) | |
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| The Fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks | |
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| Tale of the Capture of Constantinople (c. 1500) | |
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| The Sultan of Mali | |
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| Rihla (1356) | |
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| Glorious Venice | |
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| In Praise of the City of Venice (1493) | |
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| The Early Modern World, 1450-1750 | |
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| Empires and Alternatives in the Americas, 1430-1530 | |
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| Aztec Sacrifice | |
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| Florentine Codex (c. 1540-1560) | |
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| Aztec Child Rearing | |
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| Codex Mendoza (c. 1540) | |
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| The Inca Huayna Capac's Final Days | |
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| Narrative of the Incas (1557) | |
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| Andean Religion | |
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| Huarochiri Manuscript (c. 1600) | |
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| Jesuit Views on Huron Society | |
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| Jesuit Relations (1632-1637) | |