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| Overview | |
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| Dry Matter Intake | |
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| Equations for Predicting DMI | |
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| Lactating Cows | |
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| Growing Heifers | |
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| Nutrients and Feeding Management Related to DMI of Lactating Dairy Cows | |
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| Moisture | |
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| Neutral Detergent Fiber | |
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| Forage to Concentration Ratio | |
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| Fat | |
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| Cow Behavior, Management, and Environmental Factors Affecting Feed Intake | |
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| Eating Habits and Cow Behavior | |
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| Weather | |
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| Feeding Method--Total Mixed Ration vs. Individual Ingredient | |
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| Feeding Frequency | |
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| Sequence of Feeding | |
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| Access to Feed | |
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| References | |
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| Energy | |
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| Energy Requirements of Lactating and Pregnant Cows | |
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| Energy Units | |
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| Energy Values of Feeds | |
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| Estimating TDN of Feeds at Maintenance | |
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| Estimating DE of Feeds | |
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| Estimating DE at Actual Intake | |
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| Estimating ME at Actual Intake | |
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| Estimating NE[subscript L] at Actual Intake | |
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| Estimating Net Energy of Feeds for Maintenance and Gain | |
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| Comparison of New NE[subscript L] Values with Values from 1989 Edition | |
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| Precautions | |
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| Energy Requirements | |
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| Maintenance Requirements | |
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| Lactation Requirements | |
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| Activity Requirements | |
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| Environmental Effects | |
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| Pregnancy Requirements | |
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| Tissue Mobilization and Repletion During Lactation and the Dry Period | |
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| Body Condition Scoring | |
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| References | |
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| Fat | |
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| Digestion and Absorption | |
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| Digestibility and Energy Value of Fats | |
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| Effects of Fat on Ruminal Fermentation | |
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| Utilization of Fat in Calf Diets | |
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| Fat in Lactation Diets | |
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| References | |
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| Carbohydrates | |
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| Nonstructural Carbohydrates | |
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| Structural Carbohydrates | |
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| NDF Recommendations | |
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| ADF Requirement | |
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| References | |
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| Protein and Amino Acids | |
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| Importance and Goals of Protein and Amino Acid Nutrition | |
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| Major Differences from Previous Edition | |
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| Protein | |
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| Chemistry of Feed Crude Protein | |
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| Mechanism of Ruminal Protein Degradation | |
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| Kinetics of Ruminal Protein Degradation | |
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| Nitrogen Solubility vs. Protein Degradation | |
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| Microbial Requirements for N Substrates | |
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| Animal Responses to CP, RDP, and RUP | |
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| Synchronizing Ruminal Protein and Carbohydrate Digestion: Effects on Microbial Protein Synthesis | |
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| Ruminally Protected Proteins | |
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| Predicting Passage of Microbial Protein | |
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| Predicting Passage of Rumen Undegradable Feed Protein | |
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| Digestibility of Rumen Undegradable Feed Protein | |
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| Predicting Passage of Endogenous Protein | |
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| Evaluation of Model for Predicting Flows of N Fractions | |
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| Predicting Passage of Metabolizable Protein | |
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| Metabolizable Protein Requirements | |
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| MP Requirements for Maintenance | |
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| Protein Requirements for Pregnancy | |
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| Protein Requirements for Lactation | |
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| Protein Requirements for Growth | |
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| Amino Acids | |
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| Essential vs. Nonessential Amino Acids | |
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| Limiting Essential Amino Acids | |
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| Predicting Passage to the Small Intestine | |
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| Requirements for Lysine and Methionine in Metabolizable Protein for Lactating Cows | |
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| Ruminally Protected Amino Acids | |
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| References | |
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| Minerals | |
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| Macrominerals | |
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| Calcium | |
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| Phosphorus | |
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| Sodium | |
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| Chlorine | |
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| Potassium | |
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| Magnesium | |
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| Sulfur | |
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| Trace Minerals | |
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| Cobalt | |
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| Copper | |
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| Iodine | |
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| Iron | |
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| Manganese | |
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| Molybdenum | |
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| Selenium | |
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| Zinc | |
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| Chromium | |
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| Aluminum, Arsenic, Nickel, Silica, Tin, and Vanadium | |
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| Toxic Minerals | |
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| Cadmium | |
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| Fluorine | |
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| Lead | |
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| Mercury | |
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| References | |
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| Vitamins | |
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| Fat-Soluble Vitamins | |
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| Vitamin A | |
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| Vitamin D | |
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| Vitamin E | |
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| Vitamin K | |
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| Water-Soluble Vitamins | |
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| B-Vitamins | |
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| Biotin | |
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| Folic acid | |
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| Inositol | |
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| Niacin | |
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| Pantothenic Acid | |
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| Riboflavin (B[subscript 2]) | |
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| Thiamin (B[subscript 1]) | |
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| Vitamin B[subscript 12] | |
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| B-Vitamins-General | |
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| Vitamin C | |
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| Choline | |
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| References | |
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| Water Requirements | |
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| Water Intake | |
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| Dry Cows | |
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| Calves and Heifers | |
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| Drinking Behavior | |
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| Water Quality | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Unique Aspects of Dairy Cattle Nutrition | |
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| Transition Cows and Nonlactating Cows | |
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| Nutritional and Physiologic Status of the Transition Cow | |
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| Nutrient Requirements for Pregnancy | |
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| Nutrient Intake | |
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| Energy and Protein Density for Dry Cow Diets | |
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| Etiology and Nutritional Prevention of Metabolic Disorders | |
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| Fatty Liver and Ketosis | |
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| Udder Edema | |
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| Milk Fever | |
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| Grass Tetany | |
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| Retained Placenta and Metritis | |
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| Displacement of the Abomasum | |
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| Rumen Acidosis and Laminitis | |
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| Milk Fat Depression | |
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| Performance Modifiers | |
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| Mineral Salts and Their Role as Buffers | |
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| Ionophores | |
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| Direct Fed Microbials | |
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| Fungal Cultures | |
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| Bovine Somatotropin | |
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| References | |
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| Nutrient Requirements of the Young Calf | |
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| Energy Requirements of Calves | |
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| Young Replacement Calves Fed Milk or Milk Replacer Only | |
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| Young Replacement Calves Fed Milk and Starter Feed or Milk Replacer and Starter Feed | |
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| Veal Calves | |
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| Ruminant Calves (Large-Breed and Small-Breed Females) from Weaning to Body Weight of 100 kilograms | |
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| Effects of Environmental Temperature on Energy Requirements of Young Calves | |
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| Protein Requirements of Calves | |
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| Mineral and Vitamin Requirements of Calves | |
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| Minerals | |
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| Vitamins | |
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| Feed Composition Data with Application to Diet Formulations for Calves | |
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| Other Aspects of Calf Nutrition | |
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| Fetal Nutrition | |
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| Colostrum | |
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| Water and Electrolytes | |
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| Milk Replacers | |
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| Feed Additives | |
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| Practical Feeding Considerations | |
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| References | |
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| Growth | |
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| Energy and Protein Requirements for Growing Dairy Heifers | |
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| Terminology | |
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| Growth Requirements and Composition of Gain | |
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| Evaluation of Model Predictions of Energy and Protein Requirements for Growth of Dairy Heifers | |
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| Setting Target Growth Rates | |
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| Evaluation of Target Weight Equations | |
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| Maintenance Requirement Effects on Growth | |
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| Basal Maintenance Requirement | |
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| Adjustment for Previous Temperature | |
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| Adjustment for Previous Plane of Nutrition | |
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| Adjustment for the Direct Effects of Cold Stress | |
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| Adjustment for the Direct Effects of Heat Stress | |
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| Model Evaluation | |
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| References | |
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| Dairy Cattle Nutrition and the Environment | |
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| Nitrogen | |
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| Phosphorus | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Carbohydrate Chemistry and Feed Processing | |
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| Nonstructural Carbohydrates | |
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| Analytic Procedures | |
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| Neutral Detergent Fiber | |
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| Neutral Detergent Insoluble Nitrogen | |
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| Acid Detergent Fiber | |
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| Acid Detergent Insoluble Nitrogen | |
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| Lignin | |
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| Total Nonstructural Carbohydrates | |
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| Effects of Processing on Energy in Feed | |
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| Sources of Starch | |
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| Oilseeds | |
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| References | |
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| Nutrient Requirement Tables | |
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| Nutrient Composition of Feeds | |
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| Model Evaluation and Prediction Equations | |
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| Glossary | |
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| User's Guide | |
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| About the Authors | |
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| Index | |