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The Evolution of Complex Hunter-Gatherers | |
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Introduction | |
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Social Complexity--A Definition | |
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Complex Hunter-Gatherers--A Definition | |
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The North Pacific Rim | |
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Causality | |
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Theoretical Orientation | |
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The Kodiak Environment | |
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The Physical Environment | |
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Geology | |
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Ecology | |
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Terrestrial Ecozone | |
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Littoral Ecozone | |
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Marine Ecozone | |
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Riverine Ecozone | |
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Temporal Dimensions of Environmental Variability | |
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Seasonal Scale Variability | |
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Subseasonal Variation | |
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Inter-annual Scale Variation | |
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Long Scale Variation | |
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A Historical Framework | |
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Overview | |
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Ocean Bay I and II (7500-3500 BP) | |
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Ocean Bay to Kachemak Transition | |
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Early Kachemak/Old Kiavak (3200-2500 BP) | |
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Late Kachemak/Three Saints Phase (2500-800 BP) | |
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Kachemak-Koniag: Transition, Discontinuity, or Replacement? | |
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Koniag (800-200 BP) | |
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Alutiiq/Russian-America (AD 1784-1864) | |
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Alutiiq/US America (AD 1867-present) | |
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Summary | |
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Complex Hunter-Gatherers on the Kodiak Archipelago | |
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Introduction | |
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Feast and Famine for the Kodiak Alutiiq | |
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Potlatch Feasting | |
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Gender Relations | |
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Leadership | |
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Property Ownership | |
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Trade | |
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Warfare | |
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Slavery | |
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Summary | |
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Colonization | |
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Background | |
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Maritime Adaptation | |
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Evidence for the Earliest Occupants of Kodiak | |
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Estimating the Timing of Colonization | |
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Lifeways of Early Holocene Coastal Peoples | |
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Modeling Emergent Complexity on the North Pacific | |
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Introduction | |
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Modeling | |
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Outline of Theoretical Orientation | |
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Modeling Kodiak Social Evolution | |
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Act I--A Beginning | |
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Act II--Initial Effects of Circumscription | |
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Act III--Eluding Malthus: Effects of Technological and Labor Intensification | |
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Act IV--Emergence of Social Asymmetry | |
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Conclusion | |
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The Sitkalidak Archaeological Survey Project | |
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Project Goals | |
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Methods | |
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Survey Strategy | |
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Site Identification | |
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Site Documentation | |
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Analytical Units and Precision | |
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Site Chronology | |
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Radiocarbon Dating | |
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Typological Dating | |
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Material Analysis | |
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Artifacts | |
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Faunal Materials | |
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Excavations | |
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Tanginak Spring Site (KOD 481) | |
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Bear Island Site (KOD 564) | |
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Partition Cliff Site (KOD 473) | |
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Lighthouse Site (KOD 089) | |
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Site Scale Analyses | |
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Introduction | |
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Component Frequencies as a Measure of Changing Settlement Density | |
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Site Size Measures of Population Aggregation | |
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Site Area | |
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Number of Houses Per Site | |
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Site Function Variability | |
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Site Functions from Spatial and Geographical Parameters | |
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Artifacts Assemblage Character | |
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Settlement Patterns | |
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Summary | |
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Social Inequality and Demography | |
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House Attributes as a Measure of Social Variability | |
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Trends in Population Change | |
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The House/Site Area Method | |
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The Carbon-Date Frequency Method | |
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Summary | |
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Reconciliation, Extension, and Implications | |
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Interrogating the Model | |
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Ocean Bay I: The First Act--Aftermath of Colonization | |
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Ocean Bay II: The Second Act--Expansion to Density-Dependence | |
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Early Kachemak: The Third Act--Density-Dependence or Near Extinction? | |
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Late Kachemak and Koniag: The Fourth Act--Competition and Cooperation in a New World Order | |
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Overtures to Emergent Properties | |
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Summary and Conclusion | |
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Appendices | |
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Appendix A | |
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Appendix B | |
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Appendix C | |
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Appendix D | |
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Endnotes | |
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References | |
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Index | |