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| Introduction | |
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| Specimen Preparation for Transmission Electron Microscopy | |
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| Fixatives | |
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| Buffers | |
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| Dehydration | |
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| Embedding Media | |
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| Examination of Four Tissues Prepared with a Variety of Fixatives and Buffers | |
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| A Quasi-Universal Fixation, Dehydration, and Embedment Schedule Successfully Used on Organisms from All Five Kingdoms of Life | |
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| Ultramicrotomy | |
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| Ultramicrotomes | |
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| Knives | |
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| Block Trimming | |
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| Sectioning Procedures | |
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| Eight Commonly Encountered Sectioning Problems | |
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| Support Films | |
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| Transmission Electron Microscopy | |
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| Historical Review of Microscopy (1590-1990s) | |
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| Theory of Electron Optics | |
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| Four Aspects of Image Formation | |
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| General TEM Features | |
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| Parts of the Electron Microscope: Functional Aspects | |
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| Operation of the TEM: Decision Making | |
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| Vacuum Systems | |
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| Types of Gauges | |
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| Vacuum Pumps | |
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| Sequential Operation of a Complete Vacuum System to Achieve High Vacuum | |
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| Lubrication of Vacuum Seals and Leak Detection | |
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| Staining Methods for Semithins and Ultrathins | |
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| Semithin Section Staining | |
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| Ultrathin Section Staining | |
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| Photography | |
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| Emulsion Composition | |
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| Film Types | |
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| Producing a Latent Image | |
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| Film Processing | |
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| Development Controls | |
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| Paper Types | |
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| Keeping Properties of Chemicals and Precautions | |
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| Sharpness | |
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| Films Used in the Electron Microscopy Laboratory | |
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| Copy Work | |
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| Types of Enlargers | |
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| Viewing a Print in Perspective | |
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| Replicas, Shadowing, and Negative Staining | |
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| Shadowing Casting | |
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| Negative Staining | |
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| Scanning Electron Microscopy | |
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| The Use of SEM in Biological Research and Medicine | |
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| Principles of the SEM | |
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| Operation of the SEM | |
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| Interaction of the Electron Beam and Specimen | |
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| Specimen Preparation | |
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| Artifacts and Their Correction | |
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| Specialty SEMS: FEG, LV, and ESEM Devices | |
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| Cryotechniques | |
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| Cryogens | |
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| Safety Precautions | |
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| Freezing Methods | |
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| Uses of Frozen Specimens | |
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| Artifacts and Their Correction | |
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| High-Voltage Electron Microscopy | |
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| Functional Aspects of HVEMS | |
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| Microscope Construction | |
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| Sample Preparation | |
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| Applications | |
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| Intermediate-Voltage Electron Microscopy (IVEM) | |
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| Microanalysis | |
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| Microanalysis Techniques | |
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| Cytochemistry | |
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| Problems | |
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| Specific Reaction Products | |
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| Examples of Enzyme Cytochemistry | |
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| Examples of Nonenzymatic Cytochemistry | |
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| Immunocytochemistry | |
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| Preparative Techniques | |
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| Immunoglobulins | |
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| Common Immunolabeling Techniques for Electron Microscopy | |
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| Autoradiography | |
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| Theoretical Aspects | |
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| Computer-Assisted Imaging | |
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| Resolution and Discrimination | |
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| Image Processing | |
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| Morphometric Analysis | |
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| Stereology | |
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| Computer-Assisted Analysis of Movement | |
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| Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Its Derivatives | |
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| Appendix A: Laboratory Safety | |
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| Appendix B: Literature Sources for Electron Microscopy | |
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| Atlases | |
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| Journals | |
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| Society Publications | |
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| Book Series | |
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| NIH Resources for Intermediate Voltage Electron Microscopy (IVEM) | |
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| Appendix C: Electron Microscopy Equipment and Supplies | |
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| Expendable Supplies and Small Equipment | |
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| Electron Microscopes | |
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| Diamond Knives | |
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| High-Vacuum Pumps | |
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| Ultramicrotomes | |
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| Equipment for Cryotechniques | |
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| Sputter Coaters and Vacuum Evaporators | |
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| Index | |