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ISBN-10: 0299247945
ISBN-13: 9780299247942
Edition: 2010
List price: $26.95
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Largely shut out of American theaters since the 1920s, after World War II foreign films such asOpen City,Bicycle Thief,Rashomon,The Seventh Seal,Breathless,La Dolce VitaandLrs"Avventuraplayed in a growing number of art houses around the country and created a small but influential art film market devoted to the acquisition, distribution, and exhibition of foreign-language and English-language films produced abroad. Nurtured by successive waves of imports from Italy, Great Britain, France, Sweden, Japan, and the Soviet Bloc, the renaissance was kick-started by independent distributors working out of New York; by the 1960s, however, the market had been subsumed by Hollywood. From Roberto… Rossellinirs"sOpen Cityin 1946 to Bernardo Bertoluccirs"sLast Tangoin Paris in 1973, Tino Balio tracks the critical reception in the press of such filmmakers as Franccedil;ois Truffaut, Jean-Luc Godard, Federico Fellini, Michelangelo Antonioni, Tony Richardson, Ingmar Bergman, Akira Kurosawa, Luis Buntilde;uel, Satyajit Ray, and Milos Forman. Their releases paled in comparison to Hollywood fare at the box office, but their impact on American film culture was enormous. The reception accorded to art house cinema attacked motion picture censorship, promoted the director as auteur, and celebrated film as an international art. Championing the cause was the new "cinephile" generation, which was mostly made up of college students under thirty. The fashion for foreign films depended in part on their frankness about sex. When Hollywood abolished the Production Code in the late 1960s, American-made films began to treat adult themes with maturity and candor. In this new environment, foreign films lost their cachet and the art film market went into decline.