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| List of Illustrations | |
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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| "Men of Stone and of Iron": The African Slave Trade | |
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| The Beginnings of the Portuguese-African Slave Trade in the Fifteenth Century, as Described by the Chronicler Gomes Eannes de Azurara | |
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| The Enslavement Process in the Portuguese Dominions of King Philip III of Spain in the Early Seventeenth Century | |
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| A Portuguese Doctor Describes the Suffering of Black Slaves in Africa and on the Atlantic Voyage (1793) | |
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| A Young Black Man Tells of His Enslavement in Africa and Shipment to Brazil about the Middle of the Nineteenth Century | |
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| An Ex-Slavetrader's Account of the Enslavement Process in Africa and the Illegal Traffic to Brazil (1848-1849) | |
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| "It Was the Same as Pigs in a Sty": A Young African's Account of Life on a Slave Ship (1849) | |
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| A Slave Revolt at Sea and Brutal Reprisals (1845) | |
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| A British Physician Describes the State of Africans upon Their Arrival in Brazil (1841-1843) | |
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| A British Clergyman's Impressions of the Valongo Slave Market in Rio de Janeiro (1828) | |
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| "A Hell for Blacks": Slavery in Rural Brazil | |
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| An Italian Jesuit Advises Sugar Planters on the Treatment of Their Slaves (1711) | |
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| A Royal Decree on the Feeding of Slaves and Their Days Off (1701) | |
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| "I Doubt that the Moors Are So Cruel to Their Slaves": The Feeding of Slaves in Late Colonial Bahia | |
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| The Masters and the Slaves: A Frenchman's Account of Society in Rural Pernambuco Early in the Nineteenth Century | |
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| "The African Man Transformed into the American Beast": Slavery in Rural Pernambuco in the 1840s | |
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| Practical Advice on the Management of Plantation Slaves (1847) | |
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| Slave Life on a Plantation in the Province of Rio de Janeiro in the Late Nineteenth Century | |
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| A Medical Report on Slaves on Five Coffee Plantations in the Province of Rio de Janeiro (1853) | |
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| "There Are Plantations Where the Slaves Are Numb with Hunger": A Medical Thesis on Plantation Diseases and Their Causes (1847) | |
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| The Annual Work Routine on Plantations in Maranhao in the Mid-Nineteenth Century | |
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| A Brazilian Senator Comments on the High Mortality among Rural Slave Children in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century | |
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| A Bahian Sugar Planter Registers His Slaves (1872) | |
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| Slave Life in Cities and at the Mines | |
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| Slave Life in Rio de Janeiro as Seen through Newspaper Advertisements (1821) | |
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| A North American Describes Slave Life in Rio de Janeiro (1846) | |
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| A Royal Navy Surgeon Discusses the Black Coffee Carriers of Rio de Janeiro (1848) | |
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| The Sedan Chair and the Hammock: Urban Transportation in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries | |
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| Slave Prostitutes in the Brazilian Capital (1871) | |
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| Newspaper Advertisements for Black Wet Nurses (1821-1854) | |
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| A French Doctor with Twelve Years of Medical Experience in Brazil Advises Mothers on Choosing a Black Wet Nurse (1843) | |
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| Was the Black Wet Nurse a Transmitter of Disease? A Medical Debate in Rio de Janeiro (1846) | |
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| The Black Wet Nurse: A Status Symbol (1863) | |
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| Slave Workers at the Diamond Washings of Tejuco, Minas Gerais, in the Early Nineteenth Century | |
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| Black Miners at a British-Owned Gold Mine in the 1860s | |
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| "Common Graves": How City Slaves Were Buried | |
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| "From Babylon to Jerusalem": Slavery and the Catholic Church | |
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| Slavery and Church Doctrine: The Archbishop of Bahia Rules on Slave Evangelization and Aspects of Their Treatment (1707) | |
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| "Children of God's Fire": A Seventeenth-Century Jesuit Finds Benefits in Slavery but Chastizes Masters for Their Brutality in a Sermon to the Black Brotherhood of Our Lady of the Rosary | |
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| A Jesuit Friar Writes on Slave Marriage and Immoral Acts Forced by Masters upon Their Slaves (1700) | |
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| The Black Brotherhood of Our Lady of the Rosary in Recife in the Eighteenth Century | |
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| The Archbishop of Bahia Staunchly Supports Slavery and the Slave Trade (1794) | |
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| Slaves as Prizes in a Lottery Benefiting the Santa Casa da Misericordia in Ouro Preto (1825) | |
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| A Catholic Brotherhood Is Authorized to Buy and Sell Slaves (1842) | |
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| A British Resident of Pernambuco Describes the Beneficial Effects of Catholicism on Slaves, Notably upon Those Belonging to Plantations of the Benedictine Order (about 1815) | |
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| A Slave Revolt at a Carmelite Estate in Para (1865) | |
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| "The Negroes Were Holding Their Saturnalia": A Popular Festival at the Church of Our Lady of Bomfim in Bahia (1860) | |
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| Relations between the Races | |
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| "The Fact Remains that They Are Black": Racial Attitudes in Eighteenth-Century Portugal and Brazil | |
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| "Even a Considerable Tinge Will Pass for White": A British Resident of Pernambuco Analyzes Brazilian Racial and Social Categories Early in the Nineteenth Century | |
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| Four Classes of Blacks: The Observations of a British Clergyman in Rio de Janeiro (1828) | |
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| Official Acts Opposing or Outlawing Discrimination against Mulattoes and Free Blacks (1689 and 1849) | |
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| The Influence of Black and Mulatto Household Slaves upon the Character of the Brazilian Upper Class | |
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| Racial Conflict in Nineteenth-Century Maranhao | |
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| "Who Am I?" A Mulatto Ex-Slave Ridicules in Verse the Bigotry of His Racially Mixed Fellow Brazilians (1859) | |
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| A Popular Verse Suggests Portuguese and Brazilian Attitudes toward Racial Mixing (1826) | |
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| A Renowned Brazilian Mulatto Encounters Prejudice in New York but Is Rescued by Brazilian Friends: A Contrast in Race Relations (1873) | |
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| "Peculiar Legislation": Slavery and the Law | |
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| "This Dark Blotch on Our Social System": An Analysis of the Legal Status of Slaves and Freedmen in Brazilian Society (1866) | |
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| Legal Restrictions on the Activities of Slaves and Free Non-Whites in Portugal (1521, 1545, 1559, and 1621) | |
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| Restrictions on the Activities of Slaves in Eighteenth-Century Brazil | |
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| Special Legal Provisions Concerning Slaves Promulgated in the First Years of the Empire | |
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| The Government of Bahia Orders Special Measures to Restrict and Control the Province's Slave Population (1822) | |
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| The Province of Rio de Janeiro Restricts the Activities of Slaves, Free Africans, and Other Foreigners to Reduce the Threat of Slave Rebellion (1836) | |
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| Local Ordinances Bearing on Slavery from Six Provincial Law Collections (1833-1866) | |
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| Could a Slave Acquire His Freedom against His Master's Will by Offering Him His Value? Two Legal Opinions and the Negative Decision of the Council of State (1853-1854) | |
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| A Master Abuses His Adolescent Slave Girl: A Court Case of 1883-1884 | |
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| "And We Are the Best of Masters!": An Abolitionist Writes on the Legal System, Punishment, and the Extraordinary Power of the Master Class (1837) | |
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| "Shamefully Torn before Thy Eyes": Corporal Punishment | |
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| The Governor of Grao Para and Maranhao Informs the Portuguese King of Cruel Punishments Inflicted upon Indian Slaves (1752) | |
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| "This Rustic Theology": A Catholic Priest Admonishes Slaveholders about the Cruel Punishment of Their Slaves (1758) | |
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| Advice on Plantation Punishment from an Agricultural Handbook (1839) | |
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| Lashes Inflicted upon Slaves at the Jail (Calabouco) in Rio de Janeiro (1826) | |
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| "The Scene Was Deeply Afflicting": A Britisher Describes the Punishment of a Slave at the Rio Calabouco Early in the Nineteenth Century | |
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| "This, Then, Is Not a Crime": The Trial of a Coffee Planter Accused of Brutal Punishment (1878) | |
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| Changing Attitudes: The Minister of Justice Cautions Provincial Presidents on the Dangers of Excessive Punishment (1861) | |
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| A Government Report of the Deaths of Two Slaves Caused by Brutal Punishment (1887) | |
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| The Perils of Being Black | |
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| An Unconditional Grant of Freedom (1851) | |
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| A Conditional Grant of Freedom (1827) | |
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| The "Liberation" of Eight Legally Free Children (1878) | |
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| A Slave Petitions for Protection from His Master (1876) | |
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| Disposing of Stray Blacks, Beasts, and Cattle (Bens do Evento) (1728) | |
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| The President of Rio Grande do Norte Regulates Disposal of Bens do Evento (1862) | |
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| A Public Notice of Human Bens do Evento Lodged in a Jail in Parana (1857) | |
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| An Auction of Human Bens do Evento in Rio de Janeiro (1867) | |
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| A Lawyer Deplores the Legal Concept of Human Bens do Evento (1873) | |
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| The Precariousness of Freedom: The Statement of a Black Man Named John Eden (1843) | |
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| A Royal Decree Condemning "Free Africans" to Fourteen Years of Involuntary Servitude (1818) | |
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| A Scottish Doctor Reports on the Mistreatment of "Free Africans" (1838) | |
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| An Ex-Guardian of "Free Africans" Describes Their Treatment (1866) | |
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| An "Emancipado" Is Granted His Final Certificate of Freedom (1864) | |
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| The Services of "Ingenuos" (Freeborn Children of Slave Women) Are Placed in Public Auction (1882) | |
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| "This Very Barbarous and Inhuman Traffic": A Bahian Planter-Politician Seeks to Abolish the Inter-Provincial Slave Trade (1854) | |
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| A Britisher Describes the Inter-Provincial Slave Trade of the 1850s | |
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| A Member of the Chamber of Deputies from Bahia Describes the Overland Slave Traffic (1880) | |
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| Slaves Are Bought in Northern Brazil for Shipment to the South | |
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| Father Pompeu's Son | |
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| "A State of Domestic War": How Slaves Responded | |
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| Newspaper Advertisements Offer Rewards for the Return of Runaways | |
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| A Runaway Bookbinder, Fortunato (1854) | |
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| The Great Seventeenth-Century Quilombo of Palmares: A Chronicle of War and Peace | |
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| "White Man Won't Come Here": A Twentieth-Century Folk Memory of Palmares | |
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| "The Armadillo's Hole": A Predatory Quilombo Near Bahia (1763) | |
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| The Police Chief of Rio de Janeiro Suggests Ways to Eliminate Quilombos Near the City (1824) | |
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| "All the Huts Were Burned": The Destruction of Quilombos Near Rio de Janeiro (1876) | |
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| The Destruction of Quilombos in Maranhao (1853) | |
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| "A Sort of Enchanted Land": Quilombos of the Amazon Valley in the 1850s | |
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| The Captured Residents of a Runaway-Slave Settlement Are Claimed as Slaves but Freed by a Legal Decision (1877) | |
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| Slaves of Minas Gerais Plot Revolt (1719) | |
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| "The Slaves' View of Slavery": A Plantation Rebellion Near Ilheus, Bahia, and the Rebels' Written Demands for a Settlement | |
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| Slaves Rebel in the Captaincy of Bahia (1814) | |
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| Soldiers and Africans Clash in Bahia's Streets (1835) | |
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| Insubordination, Assassinations, Rebellions, Conspiracies, and Runaways: A Report of the Minister of Justice (1854) | |
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| "The Noblest and Most Sacred Cause": The Abolition Struggle | |
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| "Perhaps No Nation Ever Sinned More against Humanity than Portugal": Brazil's First Prime Minister Fires an Opening Salvo in the Stuggle against Slavery (1823) | |
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| A Defense of the Slave Trade in Response to British-Inspired Abolitionism (1823) | |
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| Proposals for Gradually Abolishing Slavery (1865) | |
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| "Slave Property Is as Sacred as Any Other": A Chamber Member Opposes Free-Birth Legislation (1871) | |
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| "As If It Were a Crime to Be Born": A Mulatto Senator Passionately Defends the Free-Birth Law (1871) | |
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| "We Are Seeking Our Country's Highest Interests": An Abolitionist Analyzes Slavery and Calls for a Break with the Past (1883) | |
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| A Municipal Chamber in Sao Paulo Gives Its Opinions on the Slavery and Labor Questions (1885) | |
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| The Mulatto Editor and Abolitionist, Jose do Patrocinio, Condemns the Government's Slavery Policy (1885) | |
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| An Ex-Abolitionist Recalls the Anti-Slavery Struggle in Sao Paulo (1918) | |
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| "Ceasing to Consider the Slave a Mere Laboring Machine": A Paulista Senator Calls for Quick Solutions to the "Servile Question" (December, 1887) | |
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| "Hours of Bitterness and Terror": A Planter's Account of the Ending of Slavery in Sao Paulo (March 19, 1888) | |
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| "Slavery Is Declared Abolished" (May 13, 1888) | |
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| Chronology of Important Events | |
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| Glossary of Portuguese, African, and Brazilian Terms | |
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| Selected Bibliography | |
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| Index | |