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| Preface | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Rediscovery of Geography | |
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| Linkages and Circular Causation | |
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| Modeling Tricks: Dixit-Stiglitz, Icebergs, Evolution, and the Computer | |
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| Two Useful Questions | |
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| Plan of the Book | |
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| Some Intellectual Background | |
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| Antecedents I: Urban Economics | |
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| The von Thunen Model | |
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| Explaining Cities: External Economies | |
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| Urban Systems | |
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| Multiple Subcenters | |
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| Uses and Limits of Traditional Urban Economics | |
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| Notes | |
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| Antecedents II: Regional Science | |
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| Central-Place Theory | |
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| Base-Multiplier Analysis | |
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| Market Potential Analysis | |
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| Limitations of Regional Science | |
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| A Brief Introduction to Bifurcations | |
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| Notes | |
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| Labor Mobility and Regional Development | |
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| The Dixit-Stiglitz Model of Monopolistic Competition and Its Spatial Implications | |
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| Consumer Behavior | |
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| Multiple Locations and Transport Costs | |
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| Producer Behavior | |
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| Some Normalizations | |
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| The Price Index Effect and the Home Market Effect | |
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| The "No-Black-Hole" Condition | |
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| Notes | |
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| Core and Periphery | |
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| Assumptions | |
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| Instantaneous Equilibrium | |
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| The Core-Periphery Model: Statement and Numerical Examples | |
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| When Is a Core-Periphery Pattern Sustainable? | |
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| When is the Symmetric Equilibrium Broken? | |
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| Implications and Conclusions | |
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| Symmetry Breaking | |
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| Notes | |
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| Many Regions and Continuous Space | |
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| The Three-Region Case | |
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| The Racetrack Economy | |
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| The Turing Approach | |
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| The Growth Rate of a Fluctuation | |
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| Determining the Preferred Frequency: The Large Economy | |
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| From Local to Global | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Simulation Parameters | |
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| Notes | |
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| Agricultural Transport Costs | |
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| Trade Costs: The Realities | |
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| Trade Costs: The Model | |
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| Core-Periphery or Symmetry? | |
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| Differentiated Agricultural Products | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Symmetry Breaking | |
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| Simulation Parameters | |
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| Notes | |
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| The Urban System | |
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| Spatial Models of Urban Systems: A Heuristic Introduction | |
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| Location Decisions and the Distribution of Demand | |
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| Sustaining and Locking In Urban Location | |
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| Population Growth and City Formation | |
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| Urban Hierarchies | |
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| Ports and Transportation Hubs | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Notes | |
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| The Monocentric Economy | |
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| The Model | |
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| The von Thunen Economy | |
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| The Market Potential Function | |
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| The Potential Function and the Sustainability of a City | |
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| On the Definition of the Market Potential Function | |
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| The Limit Market Potential Function | |
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| Notes | |
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| The Emergence of New Cities | |
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| Adjustment Dynamics and the Stability of the Spatial System | |
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| From One City to Three | |
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| Emergence of New Cities in the Long Run | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Bifurcation with Costly Transport of Agricultural Goods | |
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| Supplementary Calculations for Appendix 10.1 | |
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| Adjustment Dynamics of a General Three-City Case | |
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| Notes | |
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| Evolution of a Hierarchical Urban System | |
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| The Formation of an Urban Hierarchy in Nineteenth-Century America | |
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| The Model | |
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| The Monocentric System | |
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| Self-Organization Toward a Hierarchical System | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| The Equilibrium of the Agricultural Market | |
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| The Equilibrium Conditions of the Monocentric Economy | |
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| The Proof that (11.16) Implies (11.17) | |
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| Notes | |
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| An Empirical Digression: The Sizes of Cities | |
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| The Size Distribution of Cities | |
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| Do Urban Theories Predict the Rank-Size Rule? | |
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| Can Random Growth Explain the Rank-Size Rule? | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Notes | |
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| Ports, Transportation Hubs, and City Location | |
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| The Monocentric Economy | |
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| The Impact of a Transportation Hub on the Market Potential Function | |
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| Patterns of Spatial Evolution | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Notes | |
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| International Trade | |
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| International Specialization | |
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| A Model with Intermediate Goods | |
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| The Structure of Equilibria | |
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| Agglomeration and National Inequalities | |
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| Decreasing Returns in Agriculture | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Symmetry Breaking | |
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| Simulation Parameters | |
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| Notes | |
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| Economic Development and the Spread of Industry | |
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| Growth and Sustainable Wage Differentials | |
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| Many Industries and Many Countries | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| The Multicountry, Multi-Industry Model | |
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| Simulation Parameters | |
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| Notes | |
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| Industrial Clustering | |
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| Industrial Clusters: The Evidence | |
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| Industrial Clusters: The Model | |
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| Concentration or Dispersion? | |
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| Adjustment and Real Income | |
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| Multiple Factors: Industrial Clustering in a Heckscher-Ohlin World | |
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| Multiple Industries and Sustainable Cross-Country Differences | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Symmetry Breaking | |
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| Adjustment and Real Income | |
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| The Production Possibility Frontier | |
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| Multiple Industries | |
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| Simulation Parameters | |
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| Notes | |
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| A Seamless World | |
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| The Model | |
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| The Frequency of Agglomeration | |
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| From Local to Global | |
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| Punctuated Equilibrium | |
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| Multiple Industries | |
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| Center and Periphery | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Symmetry Breaking | |
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| Simulation Parameters | |
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| Notes | |
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| External Trade and Internal Geography | |
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| Urban Concentration in an Open Economy | |
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| The Effects of Trade Liberalization | |
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| Industrial Clustering and External Trade | |
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| Industrial Structure and Urban Concentration | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Symmetry Breaking | |
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| Simulation Parameters | |
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| Notes | |
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| The Way Forward | |
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| The Theoretical Menu | |
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| Empirical Work | |
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| Quantification | |
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| Welfare Implications | |
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| Where We Stand | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |