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| Foreword | |
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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgements | |
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| Introduction to 2D-animation working practice | |
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| How animation works the | |
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| Basics | |
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| Frames per second | |
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| What you need for your studio | |
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| Animation paper | |
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| Peg bar | |
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| Light box | |
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| X-sheets | |
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| Line tester | |
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| Pencils | |
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| Let's get animating | |
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| Key to key animation | |
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| Animating straight ahead | |
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| Flipping, flicking and rolling | |
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| Flipping | |
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| Flicking | |
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| Rolling | |
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| How to use a line tester to help your animation | |
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| How this book works | |
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| Matter and the animation of inanimate objects | |
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| Inanimate objects | |
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| Weight | |
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| Environment | |
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| Solidity | |
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| Force | |
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| Construction | |
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| How to animate inanimate objects | |
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| The animation of solids | |
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| A bowling ball | |
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| A soccer ball | |
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| A balloon | |
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| A water-filled balloon | |
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| The animation of liquids | |
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| A drip | |
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| A splash | |
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| Object falling into water | |
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| The construction of a simple character, its articulation and balance | |
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| Basic human anatomy | |
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| The spine | |
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| The rib cage | |
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| The pelvic girdle | |
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| The skull | |
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| The shoulders | |
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| Joints | |
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| Plane joints | |
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| Pivot joints | |
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| Hinge joints | |
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| Ball-and-socket joints | |
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| Saddle joints | |
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| Condyloid joints | |
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| Moving in arcs | |
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| How to design a basic human character | |
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| Complexity | |
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| The graphic nature of characters | |
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| Strong silhouettes | |
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| Weight and balance | |
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| How to design a 3D character | |
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| Planning a scene | |
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| Animating your characters | |
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| How to build and rig a simple 3D character | |
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| Skin and bones | |
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| Child of the joint | |
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| First get your body parts | |
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| Putting bones in your man | |
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| Setting up eye controls | |
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| Setting up the legs | |
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| Timing, anticipation, overshoot, follow-through and overlapping action with an animated character | |
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| Timing | |
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| Anticipation | |
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| How much anticipation | |
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| Force | |
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| Acting and anticipation | |
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| Double takes! | |
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| Speed and surprise | |
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| Anticipation during a move | |
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| Varying the amount of anticipation | |
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| Other ways of using anticipation | |
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| Follow-through | |
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| Follow-through of inanimate objects | |
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| Follow-through of animate (living) objects | |
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| Overlapping action or overshoot | |
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| Vibration | |
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| Human walks and runs | |
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| Walk cycles! | |
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| Walking | |
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| Pace | |
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| Walking mechanics | |
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| The four basic positions of a walk | |
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| The stride positions | |
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| The cross over positions | |
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| Shoulder movement | |
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| Arm movement | |
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| Up and down movement of the body | |
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| Walk cycles displaying different moods | |
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| External influences | |
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| Two people walking together | |
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| Running | |
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| Animal walks and runs | |
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| The four types of animal locomotion | |
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| Construction of an animal | |
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| Pantomime horse | |
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| Cartoon four-legged walks | |
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| Correct four-legged animal construction | |
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| Animal leg and foot construction | |
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| Animals with paws | |
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| A dog walk | |
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| A cat walk | |
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| Animals with cloven feet | |
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| Animals with hooves | |
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| Flat feet | |
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| Animal runs | |
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| Trotting | |
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| Cantering | |
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| Galloping | |
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| Transverse or rotary gallops and canters | |
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| Animation of fish and snakes | |
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| Fish | |
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| How they swim | |
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| Drag | |
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| Two swimming types of fish | |
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| Schooling (shoaling) | |
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| Swimming mammals and flatfish | |
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| Rays | |
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| Fins | |
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| Snakes | |
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| Basic movement | |
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| Concertina movement | |
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| Crotaline (sidewinder) movement | |
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| Animation of birds | |
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| Flying | |
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| Wings - insects and humming bird | |
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| Animation of acting - body language | |
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| Acting | |
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| Method acting | |
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| Theatrical acting | |
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| Consequence | |
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| Emotions | |
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| Introduction to Laban Movement theory | |
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| Kinesphere | |
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| Space, time, weight and flow continuums | |
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| Eight basic efforts | |
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| Pressing | |
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| Flicking | |
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| Wringing | |
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| Dabbing | |
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| Slashing | |
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| Gliding | |
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| Thrusting | |
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| Floating | |
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| General body language | |
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| Basic body postures | |
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| Open body postures | |
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| Closed body postures | |
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| Forward body postures | |
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| Back body postures | |
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| Responsive | |
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| Reflective | |
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| Fugitive | |
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| Combative | |
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| Palm, hand, arm and leg gestures | |
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| Palm gestures | |
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| Hand gestures | |
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| Arm crossing | |
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| Leg crossing | |
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| Acting out a scene in animation | |
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| The use of video footage to help your animation | |
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| The seven questions of character | |
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| The different sorts of animation acting | |
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| Animated radio | |
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| Pose-to-pose animation acting | |
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| Full animation acting | |
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| Mime | |
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| Analysis of a character | |
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| Building a more sophisticated character | |
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| Animation of acting - facial expressions | |
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| Emotions | |
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| The eyes | |
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| Facial expressions | |
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| Happiness | |
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| A smile | |
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| Sadness | |
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| Surprise | |
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| Fear | |
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| Anger | |
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| Disgust and contempt | |
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| Interest | |
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| Pain and distress | |
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| Combination of facial expressions | |
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| Head angle | |
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| Hand-to-face gestures | |
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| Evaluation | |
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| Deceit | |
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| Stress | |
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| Extreme close-ups | |
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| How to animate a piece of facial acting | |
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| How to add a simple mouth and eyebrows to your basic 3D character | |
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| The eyebrows | |
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| The mouth | |
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| Animation of acting - two or more characters | |
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| Two characters on screen together | |
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| The use of 'beats' to break up a scene | |
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| Objective | |
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| Obstacle | |
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| Action | |
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| Personal space | |
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| Mirroring | |
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| How characters look at each other | |
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| Two characters acting with each other while talking | |
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| Two characters alternating from one shot to another | |
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| A large group of characters on screen at the same time | |
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| Lip-sync | |
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| Recording and breaking down a dialogue track | |
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| How we speak | |
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| Acting with dialogue | |
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| Quick from pose to pose | |
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| Slow from pose to pose | |
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| Erratically from pose to pose | |
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| Mouth shapes | |
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| Mouth shut consonants | |
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| The vowels | |
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| The quieter vowels and consonants | |
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| Teeth | |
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| Animating the mouth shapes early | |
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| Creating a more sophisticated character's face and expressions | |
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| Eyebrow movements | |
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| Mouth and jaw movements | |
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| Cheek movements | |
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| Nose movements | |
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| Index | |