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Acknowledgements | |
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Introduction | |
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Overview | |
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The need for lighting on location | |
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Lighting basics | |
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Psychology of perception | |
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Light units | |
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Inverse square law - Nature's law | |
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Cosine law - or you don't get something for nothing! | |
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Reflection of light - direct/diffuse | |
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Reflection of light - glare reflection | |
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Television camera basics | |
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The television signal | |
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Tonal reproduction and gamma | |
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Tonal reproduction, dynamic range and knee | |
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Camera sensors - CCD basics | |
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Features of CCD processing | |
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Television optics | |
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Focal length | |
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Angle of view (horizontal) | |
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Lens aperture (f-number or f-stop) | |
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Depth of field | |
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Colour television | |
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Principles | |
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Camera overview | |
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Colour temperature/ND filters | |
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Colour temperature - defining white | |
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Colour temperature correction | |
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MIRED | |
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Change of camera white point | |
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Colour temperature measurement | |
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Correlated colour temperature and colour compensating filters | |
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Neutral density filters | |
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Camera sensitivity - how much light do we need? | |
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Defining sensitivity | |
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Factors affecting sensitivity | |
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ASA rating and video cameras | |
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Light sources | |
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Choice of light source | |
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Tungsten and tungsten halogen sources | |
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Discharge sources - general | |
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Discharge sources - operating practices and safety | |
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Discharge sources - xenon | |
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Discharge sources - CDM | |
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Discharge sources - fluorescent sources | |
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Luminaires | |
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Luminaires - general | |
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The Fresnel spotlight or soft-edged spotlight | |
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Luminaire performance | |
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Control of beam shape | |
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Control of light intensity on location | |
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Softlights - general principles | |
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Softlights - bounce | |
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Use of diffusion | |
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Softlights in practice | |
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Softlights - specials | |
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Open-faced luminaires | |
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Hard-edged projectors | |
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Broad sources/cyclorama units and ground rows | |
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PAR lights | |
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Scrollers and dowsers | |
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Special lights - Dedolight | |
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Fluorescent luminaires (coldlights) | |
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On-camera and battery lighting | |
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Specials | |
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Moving lights - intelligent lights | |
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Dimmers on location | |
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Dimmers | |
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Dimmer law | |
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Control of dimmers - DMX/512 (Digital Multiplex/512) | |
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Lighting grip equipment | |
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Basics | |
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Stand accessories | |
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Super-clamps and telescopic poles | |
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Clamps | |
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Scaffolding, trussing and scissor lifts | |
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Electrical essentials | |
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Electrical mains supplies - basics | |
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Installations | |
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Electrical safety | |
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Use of generator | |
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Safety | |
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Basic lighting on location | |
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Basic lighting kit | |
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Effect of light - not just illumination! | |
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Basic portraiture - 'creating a good likeness' | |
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Keylight - practicalities | |
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Fill-light, fill or filler | |
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Control of light - use of inverse square law | |
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The backlight | |
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Background light | |
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Kicker | |
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Lighting the offset presenter | |
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Interview lighting - single camera | |
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Two-handed interview - multi-camera | |
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Lighting in the real world | |
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Basic observations | |
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Creating the illusion of reality | |
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Coping with reality | |
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Coping with excessive contrast | |
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Lighting continuity | |
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Vision control and measurements | |
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Vision control - the essence of good picture quality | |
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Use of colour monitor | |
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Light measurement - incident light meters | |
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Light measurement - spotmeter | |
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Zebra/Picoscope/Vical - aids to exposure and continuity | |
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Exterior lighting | |
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Observing the day | |
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Daylight exteriors | |
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Expanding the basics | |
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Lighting for subject movement - basics | |
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Lighting for subject movement - setting a crossover | |
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Lighting for subject movement - alternatives | |
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Creating mood - the implicit requirements | |
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On-camera filters | |
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Lighting effects | |
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Lighting demonstrations | |
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Pack shots | |
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Conference lighting | |
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Silhouette lighting | |
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Chroma key on location | |
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Lighting musicians | |
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Lighting in public places (supermarkets/offices/hospitals) | |
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Stadia lighting - night | |
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Stadia lighting - special events | |
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Street lighting | |
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Lighting in churches | |
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Night-lighting - principles | |
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Night-lighting - practice | |
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Lighting for cars | |
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Cars at night | |
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Planning essentials | |
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Planning | |
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Strategy, lighting kits and timescales | |
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Lighting and sound pick-up | |
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Lighting standards | |
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Bibliography | |
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Glossary | |
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Basic conversion table | |
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Index | |