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| Acknowledgments | |
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| A Note on Transliteration | |
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| Chronology | |
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| List of Rulers | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Popular Sources: Accounts of Muslim Captivity in Christendom | |
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| The Captives "Speak"-and Write | |
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| Captivity and the Other | |
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| Captivity and Karamat | |
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| Captivity of Women | |
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| European Captives and New Muslims | |
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| Elite Sources: Muslim Ambassadors in Christendom | |
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| Al-Nafhah al-Miskiyah | |
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| Ahmad ibn Qasim and Fakhr al-Din al-Ma'ni II | |
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| The Widening Exposure | |
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| Ambassadors and European Women | |
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| Non-Muslim Ambassadors | |
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| Conclusion: Encountering the Dunya of the Christians | |
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| Nasr | |
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| Sina'a / Technology | |
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| Translations | |
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| 1578: Letters of Radwan al-Janawy on Muslim Captives, in Tuhfat al-Ikhwan, Rabat National Library, MS Kaf 154, fols. 423-424, 427-428 | |
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| After 1588: Description of the Defeat of the Armada, by Abu Faris 'Abd al-'Aziz al-Fishtali, in Rasa'il Sa'diyah, ed. 'Abdallah Gannun, 152-157 | |
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| ca. 1589-1591: A Journey from Morocco to Istanbul and Back, in Abu Hasan 'Ali ibn Muhammad ibn 'Ali Muhammad al-Tamjruti, Al-Nafhah al-Miskiyah fi al-Safarah al-Turkiyah, ed. 'Abd al-Latif al-Shadhili, 28-29, 41-42, 65, 74-76, 84-86, 90-94, 128-132, 140-141 | |
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| After June 1596: Description of the English Attack on Cadiz, in Abu Faris 'Abd al-'Aziz al-Fishtali, Manahil al-Safa', ed. 'Abd al-Karim Karim, 193-196 | |
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| 1613-1618: Description of Pisa and Florence, in Lunban fi 'Ahd al-Amir Fakhr al-Din al-Ma'ni al-Thani, ed. Asad Rustum and Fu'ad Afram al-Bustani, 208-224 | |
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| 1623: Expulsion of the Moriscos and the Miraculous Ransoming of Muslim Captives, in Al-Muntasir ibn Abi Lihya al-Qafsi, Nur al-Armash fi Manaqib al-Qashash, ed. Lutfi'Isa and Husayn Bujarrah, 138-141, 151-154 | |
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| 1633-1635: Letters from Tunis by Osman/Thomas d'Arcos, a Convert to Islam, Les Correspondants de Peiresc: Lettres inedites publiees et annotees, ed. Philippe Tamizey de Larroque, 2:23-28, 36-39. French original | |
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| 1635: Letter About Muslim Captives Converted to Christianity, Rabat National Library, MS Jim 223, 101-103 | |
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| 1635: Expulsion of the Moriscos, Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Rafi' ibn Muhammad al-Andalusi, Al-Anwar al-Nabawiyah fi Aba' Khayr al-Bariyah, in A. Turki, "Wathai'q al-Hijra al-Andalusiyah al-Akhirah," Hawliyat al-Jami'ah al-Tunisiyah 4 (1967): 27-39 | |
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| 1642: Description of the World, in Ahmad ibn Qasim, Nasir al-Din 'ala al-Qawm al-Kafirin, ed. Muhammad Razzuq, 95-99 | |
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| Before 1688: Christian Attack on Jarbah (Tunisia) in 1510, in Sulayman ibn Ahmad al-Hilati, 'Ulama' Jarbah, ed. Muhammad Qawjah, 32-39 | |
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| 1685: Bombardment of Tripoli, Libya, by the French Fleet, in Ahmad ibn Khaled al-Nasiri, Tal'at al-Mushtari, 2:28-30 | |
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| 1681-1691: Battle Accounts, in Taqayid Tarikhiyah, Rabat Royal Library, MS 12352 | |
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| 1590-1654: Euro-Tunisian Piracy, in Ibn Abi Dinar, Kitab al-Mu'nis fi Akhbar Ifriqiyah wa-Tunis, 190-202 | |
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| Before September 2, 1706: Letter of Mulay Isma'il to the English Parliament, Les Sources ... Filalienne, ed. Brissac, 6:349-354 | |
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| November 1, 1707: Letter from a Captive in France, ed. Jamal Vannan, Nusus wa Watha'iq fi Tarikh al-Jaza'ir al-Hadith 1500-1830, 144-145 | |
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| 1713: Letters of Bentura de Zari, Moroccan Ambassador Under House Arrest in London, National Archives, Kew, SP 71/16/63-65, 70-71. English original | |
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| January 12, 1717: Letter of Mulay Isma'il to Philip V, in Muhammad al-Saghir al-Ifrani, Rawdat al-Ta'rif, ed. 'Abd al-Wahab Benmansour, 133-134 | |
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| 1726-1727: On Quinine, in Husayn Khujah, Al-Asrar al-Kaminah, ed. al-Karray al-Qusantini, 31-43 | |
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| Mid-eighteenth century: Captivity in Malta, in Abu al-Qasim al-Zayani, Al-Tarjumanah al-Kubra, ed. 'Abd al-Karim al-Filali, 192-193 | |
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| 1782: Muhammad ibn 'Uthman al-Miknasi. Falling in Love in Naples, in Al-Badr al-Safir li Hidayat al-Musafir ila Fikak al-Asara min Yad al-'Aduww al-Kafir. Rabat National Library, MS Ha 52, fols. 145-150 | |
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| 1798: Letter from a Female Captive in Malta, Muhammad Razzuq, Dirasat fi Tarikh al-Maghrib, 178-181 | |
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| Notes | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Index | |