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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Universal West: Europe Beyond Its Christian and White Race Identity (1840-1882) | |
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| The Great Rupture: Ottoman Imagination of a European Model | |
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| Ottoman Westernism and the European International Society | |
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| A Non-Christian Europe? | |
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| The West in Early Japanese Reformist Thought | |
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| The Modern Genesis of Pan-Islamic and Pan-Asian Ideas | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| The Two Faces of the West: Imperialism Versus Enlightenment (1882-1905) | |
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| The Muslim World as an Inferior Semitic Race: Ernest Renan and His Muslim Critics | |
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| Yellow Versus White Peril? Pan-Asian Critiques and Conceptions of World Order | |
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| Crescent Versus Cross? Pan-Islamic Reflections on the "Clash of Civilizations" Thesis | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| The Global Moment of the Russo-Japanese War: The Awakening of the East/Equality with the West (1905-1912) | |
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| An Alternative to the West? Asian Observations on the Japanese Model | |
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| Defining an Anti-Western Internationalism: Pan-Islamic and Pan-Asian Visions of Solidarity | |
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| Japanese Pan-Asianism After the Russo-Japanese War | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| The Impact of WWI on Pan-Islamic and Pan-Asianist Visions of World Order | |
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| Pan-Islamism and the Ottoman State | |
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| The Realist Pan-Islamism of Celal Nuri and Ismail Naci Pelister | |
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| Pan-Islamic Mobilization during WWI | |
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| The Transformation of Pan-Asianism During WWI: Okawa Shumei, Indian Nationalists, and Asiaphile European Romantics | |
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| Asia as a Site of National Liberation | |
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| Asia as the Hope of Humanity | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| The Triumph of Nationalism? The Ebbing of Pan-Islamic and Pan-Asian Visions of World Order During the 1920S | |
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| The Wilsonian Moment and Pan-Islamism | |
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| The Wilsonian Moment and Pan-Asianism | |
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| Pan-Islamic and Pan-Asianist Perceptions of Socialist Internationalism | |
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| "Clash of Civilizations" in the Age of Nationalism | |
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| The Weakness of Pan-Islamic and Pan-Asianist Political Projects During the 1920s | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| The Revival of a Pan-Asianist Vision of World Order in Japan (1931-1945) | |
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| Explaining Japan's Official "Return to Asia" | |
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| Withdrawal from the League of Nations as a Turning Point | |
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| Asianist Journals and Organizations | |
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| Asianist Ideology of the 1930s | |
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| Wartime Asian Internationalism and Its Postwar Legacy | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Notes | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Index | |