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| Authors | |
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| List of Illustrations | |
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| List of Tables | |
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| Preface | |
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| Hypothesis Testing in Ecology | |
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| Some Definitions | |
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| What Is a Hypothesis? | |
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| Hypotheses and Models | |
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| Hypotheses and Paradigms | |
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| Statistical Hypotheses | |
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| Hypotheses and Prediction | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Literature Cited | |
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| A Critical Review of the Effects of Marking on the Biology of Vertebrates | |
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| Review of the Literature | |
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| Which Markers to Use? | |
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| Effects of Markers Among Taxa | |
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| Critique of Marker Evaluation Studies | |
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| Review of Current Guidance Available for Choosing Markers | |
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| Critique of Guidelines Available for Choosing Markers | |
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| Survey of Recent Ecological Studies | |
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| Future Approaches | |
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| Study Protocols and Technological Advances | |
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| Marker Evaluation Studies | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Literature Cited | |
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| Animal Home Ranges and Territories and Home Range Estimators | |
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| Definition of Home Range | |
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| Territories | |
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| Estimating Animals' Home Ranges | |
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| Utility Distributions | |
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| Grids | |
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| Minimum Convex Polygon | |
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| Circle and Ellipse Approaches | |
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| Fourier Series | |
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| Harmonic Mean Distribution | |
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| Fractal Estimators | |
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| Kernel Estimators | |
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| Home Range Core | |
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| Quantifying Home Range Overlap and Territoriality | |
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| Static Interactions | |
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| Dynamic Interactions | |
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| Testing for Territoriality | |
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| Lessons | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Literature Cited | |
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| Delusions in Habitat Evaluation: Measuring Use, Selection, and Importance | |
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| Terminology | |
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| Methods for Evaluating Habitat Selection, Preference, and Quality | |
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| Use-Availability Design | |
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| Site Attribute Design | |
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| Demographic Response Design | |
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| Problems with Use-Availability and Site Attribute Designs | |
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| Defining Habitats | |
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| Measuring Habitat Use | |
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| Measuring Habitat Availability | |
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| Assessing Habitat Selection: Fatal Flaw 1 | |
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| Inferring Habitat Quality: Fatal Flaw 2 | |
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| Advantages and Problems of the Demographic Response Design | |
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| Applications and Recommendations | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Literature Cited | |
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| Investigating Food Habits of Terrestrial Vertebrates | |
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| Conventional Approaches and Their Limitations | |
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| Direct Observation | |
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| Lead Animals | |
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| Feeding Site Surveys | |
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| Exclosures | |
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| Postingestion Samples | |
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| Evaluating the Importance of Specific Foods and Prey | |
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| Use, Selection, or Preference? | |
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| Availability Versus Abundance | |
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| Cafeteria Experiments | |
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| Innovations | |
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| Improvements on Lead Animal Studies | |
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| Use of Isotope Ratios | |
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| Experimental Manipulations | |
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| The Role of Foraging Theory in Understanding Food Habits | |
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| Lessons | |
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| Sample Resolution and Information Obtained | |
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| Improving Sample Resolution and Information Content | |
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| Literature Cited | |
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| Detecting Stability and Causes of Change in Population Density | |
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| Detection of Density Dependence | |
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| Analysis of Time Series of Density | |
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| Analysis of Data on Mortality or Survival | |
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| Detection of Delayed Density Dependence | |
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| Detection of Causes of Population Change | |
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| Key Factor Analysis | |
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| Experimental Manipulation | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Literature Cited | |
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| Monitoring Populations | |
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| Index-Abundance Relationships | |
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| Types of Indices | |
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| Index-Abundance Functions | |
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| Variability of Index-Abundance Functions | |
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| Improving Index Surveys | |
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| Spatial Aspects of Measuring Changes in Indices | |
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| Monitoring Indices Over Time | |
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| Power Estimation for Monitoring Programs | |
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| Variability of Indices of Animal Abundance | |
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| Sampling Requirements for Robust Monitoring Programs | |
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| Setting Objectives for a Monitoring Program | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Appendix 7.1 | |
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| Literature Cited | |
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| Modeling Predator-Prey Dynamics | |
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| Modeling Approaches for Predator-Prey Systems | |
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| Noninteractive Models | |
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| True Predator-Prey Models | |
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| Stochastic Models | |
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| Autoregressive Models | |
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| Fitting the Model to Data | |
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| Bayesian Statistics | |
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| Best Guess Followed by Adaptive Management | |
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| Choosing a Good Model | |
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| How Much Detail? | |
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| Model Validation | |
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| Recommendations | |
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| Remember the Audience | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Literature Cited | |
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| Population Viability Analysis: Data Requirements and Essential Analyses | |
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| Qualitative Observations About Population Persistence | |
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| Generalities | |
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| Contradictions | |
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| Sources of Variation Affecting Population Persistence | |
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| No Variation | |
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| Stochastic Variation | |
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| Demographic Variation | |
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| Temporal Variation | |
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| Spatial Variation | |
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| Individual Variation | |
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| Process Variation | |
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| Components of a PVA | |
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| Direct Estimation of Variance Components | |
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| Indirect Estimation of Variance Components | |
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| Bootstrap Approach | |
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| Basic Population Model and Density Dependence | |
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| Incorporation of Parameter Uncertainty into Persistence Estimates | |
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| Discussion | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Literature Cited | |
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| Measuring the Dynamics of Mammalian Societies: An Ecologist's Guide to Ethological Methods | |
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| Social Dynamics | |
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| Context | |
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| Why Study Social Dynamics? | |
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| Evolution of Sociality | |
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| Conservation Applications | |
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| Understanding Ourselves | |
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| How to Describe Social Dynamics | |
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| Action, Interaction, and Relationships | |
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| Social Networks | |
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| Social Structure, from Surface to Deep | |
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| Behavioral Parameters | |
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| The Bout | |
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| Stationarity | |
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| The Ethogram | |
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| Beware Teleology | |
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| Classifications of Behavioral Interactions | |
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| Methods for Behavioral Measurement | |
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| Identifying the Individual | |
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| Sampling and Recording Rules | |
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| Ad Libitum Sampling | |
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| Focal Sampling | |
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| Time Sampling | |
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| Techniques for Behavioral Measurement | |
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| Analysis of Observational Data | |
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| Statistical Rationality | |
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| Matrix Facilities: Analyzing Sequential Data | |
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| Lag Sequential and Nested Analysis | |
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| Searching for a Behavioral Pattern (Markov Chain) | |
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| Predictability of Behavior | |
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| Sequences Through the Mist | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Literature Cited | |
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| Modeling Species Distribution with GIS | |
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| Terminology | |
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| Habitat Definitions and Use | |
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| General Structure of GIS-Based Models | |
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| Literature Review | |
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| Modeling Issues | |
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| Clear Objectives | |
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| Assumptions | |
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| Spatial and Temporal Scale | |
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| Data Availability | |
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| Validation and Accuracy Assessment | |
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| Discussion | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Notes | |
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| Literature Cited | |
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| Index | |