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| List of Maps | |
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| List of Illustrations | |
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| Acknowledgements | |
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| Preface | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Historiography | |
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| Geography, climate and vegetation | |
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| Early prehistory of Africa | |
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| Human evolution | |
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| Homo sapiens, the hunter-gatherer | |
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| Further climate change, adaptation and the ancestry of African languages | |
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| Later prehistory: farming and pastoralism in tropical Africa and Ancient Egypt | |
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| Crop cultivation, domestication and the origins of farming | |
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| The impact of agriculture | |
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| The origins of farming and pastoralism in tropical Africa | |
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| Ancient Egypt | |
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| The impact of iron in north and west Africa | |
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| The spread and impact of early metal-working | |
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| Origins of iron-working | |
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| The Iron Age Kingdom of Meroe | |
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| Iron Age north Africa and early trans-Saharan trade | |
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| The Early Iron Age in central, eastern and southern Africa | |
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| Evidence for the spread of iron-working | |
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| Origins of the Early Iron Age in sub-equatorial Africa | |
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| The spread of the Early Iron Age | |
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| The development and organisation of Early Iron Age society | |
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| North and north-eastern Africa to 1000 CE | |
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| Northern Africa in the Graeco-Roman period | |
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| The spread of Christianity in northern Africa | |
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| The origins and rise of Aksum | |
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| The Arab invasions: the Nile valley and the Maghrib | |
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| Trans-Saharan trade and the kingdom of ancient Ghana | |
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| Trans-Saharan trade | |
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| The kingdom of ancient Ghana | |
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| Other early west African states and societies | |
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| Islam and the Sudanic states of west Africa | |
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| The Almoravids | |
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| The Muslim states of north Africa, 1100-1500 | |
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| The empire of Mali | |
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| The decline of Mali | |
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| The origins and rise of Songhay | |
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| The Fulbe (or Fulani) | |
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| Eastern Africa to the sixteenth century | |
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| The Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, 850-1550 | |
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| The Muslim penetration of Ethiopia and Somalia, 850-1550 | |
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| Pastoralists and farmers of the east African interior | |
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| Trading towns of the east African coast to the sixteenth century | |
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| The origins of east African coastal trading society | |
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| The growth of Swahili trading towns | |
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| The Portuguese on the east African coast, 1498�1600 | |
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| Madagascar | |
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| Later Iron Age states and societies of central and southern Africa to 1600 | |
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| The emergence of Later Iron Age states north of the Zambezi | |
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| The development of Later Iron Age communities south of the Zambezi | |
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| The origins and character of the Great Zimbabwe tradition | |
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| Cattle-keeping peoples south of the Limpopo | |
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| North and north-east Africa to the eighteenth century | |
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| The �Arabisation' of northern Africa | |
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| From Fatimid to Mamluk: Egypt before the Ottoman conquest | |
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| Egypt under Ottoman rule | |
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| Nubia and the Funj Sultanate | |
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| Oromo migrations and the kingdom of Ethiopia | |
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| States of the Maghrib, sixteenth to eighteenth century | |
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| The Atlantic slave trade, sixteenth to eighteenth century | |
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| Slavery in Africa before the Atlantic trade | |
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| The origins of European maritime trade with west Africa | |
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| The nature of the slave trade | |
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| Profit from the slave trade: the European dimension | |
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| West African states and societies, to the eighteenth century | |
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| The fall of the Songhay empire | |
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| The sultanate of Borno-Kanem | |
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| The Hausa city-states | |
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| Wolof kingdoms of Senegambia | |
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| Kingdoms of the forest: Ife and Benin | |
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| Oyo and Dahomey, savannah states of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries | |
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| The kingdom of Asante | |
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| Central and eastern Africa to the eighteenth century | |
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| Farmers, fishers and hunters of the Congo forest | |
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| West-central Africa in the era of the slave trade | |
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| Central African empires and the growth of trade | |
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| The east African interior west of the Victoria Nyanza | |
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| The east African interior east of the Victoria Nyanza | |
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| Southern Africa to the eighteenth century | |
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| Southern Africa before 1650 | |
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| The early Cape Colony: white settlement and Khoesan resistance, 1650-1770 | |
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| States and societies of the southern African interior, 1600-1800 | |
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| West Africa in the nineteenth century and the ending of the slave trade | |
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| Islamic jihads in the western Sudan | |
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| The ending of the Atlantic slave trade | |
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| West African commerce in the nineteenth century | |
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| Sierra Leone and Liberia | |
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| Central and east Africa in the nineteenth century | |
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| West-central Africa in the nineteenth century | |
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| Kingdom of the floodplain | |
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| The development of long-distance trade in east-central Africa | |
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| Invasion from the south: the Ngoni | |
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| The east African slave trade | |
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| The trade in ivory and slaves in the interior of central Africa | |
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| Madagascar: the rise of the Merina kingdom | |
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| Pre-industrial southern Africa in the nineteenth century | |
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| State-building and conflict: the mfecaneldifaqane and its effects | |
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| The British at the Cape | |
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| The Boer Trek and African resistance | |
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| Southern Africa in 1870 | |
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| North and north-east Africa in the nineteenth century | |
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| The French in north Africa and Algerian resistance | |
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| Egypt and Sudan to the Mahdist jihad | |
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| The reunification of Ethiopia | |
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| Christianity and pre-colonial 'nationalism' | |
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| European Christian missionaries in pre-colonial Africa | |
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| African Christians and pre-colonialism nationalism | |
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| European 'explorers': the mapping of Africa as a prelude to Empire | |
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| The European 'Scramble', colonial conquest and African resistance in east, north-central and west Africa | |
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| The 'Scramble for Africa' | |
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| Conquest and resistance | |
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| Industrialisation, colonial conquest and African resistance in south-central and southern Africa | |
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| The southern African mineral revolution | |
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| The British 'Scramble' for south-central Africa | |
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| Wars of conquest and resistance in Mozambique | |
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| Conquest and resistance in Namibia | |
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| The South African War (1899-1902) | |
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| Consolidation of empire: the early period of colonial rule | |
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| Raw materials and markets | |
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| Peasant producers, railways and white settlement in British east Africa | |
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| Rebellion in the German colonies | |
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| Missionaries, Christianity and early expressions of 'nationalism' | |
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| The First World War and Africa, 1914-18 | |
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| Africa between the wars: the high tide of colonial rule | |
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| The economic impact of colonial rule | |
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| The nature and impact of colonial administration | |
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| The spread of Islam in tropical west Africa | |
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| Education: from pre-colonial tradition to colonial reality | |
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| African nationalism and protest movements in the inter-war years | |
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| Segregation, nationalism and protest in South Africa | |
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| The Second World War and Africa | |
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| Fascist aggression and the Second World War in north and north-east Africa | |
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| The impact of the war on Africa and Africans | |
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| The winning of independence (1) | |
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| Colonial development strategies | |
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| The winning of independence in British west Africa | |
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| The winning of independence in French West Africa and French Equatorial Africa | |
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| The struggle for independence in the Maghrib | |
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| Egypt, Sudan, Eritrea and Somalia | |
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| The winning of independence (2) | |
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| British east Africa | |
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| Independence in Belgian-ruled central Africa | |
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| Independence on the islands | |
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| The winning of independence (3) | |
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| Federation and independence in British Central Africa | |
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| The winning of independence in Portuguese-ruled Africa | |
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| The struggle for freedom in southern Africa | |
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| Africa since independence (1) | |
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| The political legacy of colonial rule | |
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| The economic legacy of underdevelopment and dependency | |
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| The early drive for economic development | |
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| The role of the military in African politics | |
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| Socialism and self-reliance: the Tanzanian course | |
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| Africa since independence (2) | |
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| The dilemmas of development: debt, climate change and international aid | |
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| International cooperation and the Organisation of African Unity | |
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| Contemporary Africa (1) | |
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| Democratic progress in the 1990s | |
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| North Africa | |
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| West Africa | |
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| Contemporary Africa (2) | |
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| Eastern and Central Africa | |
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| Southern Africa | |
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| The HIV/AIDS pandemic | |
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| China and Africa | |
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| Suggestions for further reading | |
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| Index | |