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| Preface to the 1985 Reissue | |
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| Preface to the 2010 Reissue | |
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| Foreword | |
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| List of Abbreviations | |
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| Introductory | |
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| The Problem and its Terms | |
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| Defining the problem | |
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| Is theodicy permissible? | |
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| The kinds of evil | |
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| The Two Poles of Thought - Monism and Dualism | |
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| Monism and Dualism | |
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| The pure monism of Spinoza | |
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| A contemporary view of evil as illusion - Christian Science | |
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| Plato's dualism | |
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| The external dualism of | |
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| The internal dualism of | |
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| The Augustinian Type of Theodicy | |
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| The Fountainhead: St. Augustine - Evil as privation of good stemming from misused freedom | |
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| Evil as privatio boni | |
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| Augustine and Manichaeism | |
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| The Plotinian theodicy | |
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| The goodness of the created order | |
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| Man mutable because 'made out of nothing' | |
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| Evil privative and parasitic | |
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| The identity of being and goodness | |
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| The logical character of Augustine's doctrine | |
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| 'The Free-Will Defence' in St. Augustine | |
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| Sin as the basic evil | |
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| The self-creation of evil 'ex nihilo' | |
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| Sin and predestination | |
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| The Fountainhead: St. Augustine - The principle of plenitude and the aesthetic theme | |
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| The principle of plenitude | |
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| The Problem | |
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| Augustine's Neo-Platonist answer | |
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| The principle of plenitude in Plotinus | |
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| Emanation and creation | |
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| The pre-existing pattern | |
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| The aesthetic theme | |
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| The aesthetic theme in Augustine | |
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| Animal pain in a perfect world | |
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| Hell and the principle of moral balance | |
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| Catholic Thought from Augustine to the Present Day | |
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| Augustine's theodicy writ large: Hugh of St. Victor | |
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| Thomas Aquinas | |
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| A contemporary Thomist presentation: Charles Journet | |
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| Journet on sin and hell | |
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| The Problem of Evil in Reformed Thought | |
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| Augustine and the Reformers | |
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| Calvin | |
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| Fall and predestination in Calvin | |
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| Predestination versus theodicy | |
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| Karl Barth | |
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| Barth's method | |
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| The 'shadowside' of creation | |
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| 'Das Nichtige' | |
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| The origin of 'das Nichtige' | |
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| Criticism: (a) the origin of 'das Nichtige' | |
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| Criticism: (b) the status of 'das Nichtige' | |
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| Eighteenth-Century 'Optimism' | |
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| A product of the Augustinian tradition | |
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| King's 'Origin of Evil' | |
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| Leibniz's 'Theodicy' | |
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| The 'best possible world' | |
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| 'Best possible' - for what purpose? | |
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| Dividing the Light from the Darkness | |
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| The main features of the Augustinian type of theodicy | |
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| The theological themes | |
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| The goodness of the created universe | |
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| Human suffering as a punishment for sin | |
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| 'O felix culpa…' versus eternal torment | |
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| The philosophical themes | |
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| Evil as non-being | |
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| Metaphysical evil as fundamental | |
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| The aesthetic perfection of the universe | |
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| A basic criticism | |
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| The Irenaean Type of Theodicy | |
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| Sin and the Fall according to the Hellenistic Fathers | |
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| The biblical basis of the fall doctrine | |
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| From Paul to Augustine | |
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| The beginnings of the Hellenistic point of view | |
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| Irenaeus | |
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| Eastern Christianity | |
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| The Irenaean Type of Theodicy in Schleiermacher | |
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| Schleiermacher on 'original perfection' | |
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| Schleiermacher's account of sin | |
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| The relation between sin and suffering | |
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| God as ultimately ordaining sin and suffering | |
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| Schleiermacher and the instrumental view of evil | |
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| Man's beginning and end | |
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| The Two Theodicies - Contrasts and Agreements | |
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| The contrast between the two types of theodicy | |
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| Points of hidden agreement | |
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| A Theodicy for Today | |
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| The Starting-Point | |
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| The negative task of theodicy | |
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| The traditional theodicy based upon Christian myth | |
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| The 'vale of soul-making' theodicy | |
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| Moral Evil | |
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| The shape of sin | |
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| The traditional free-will defence | |
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| The recent critique of the free-will defence | |
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| Divine-human personal relationship | |
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| Freedom as limited creativity | |
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| The virtual inevitability of the fall | |
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| Man created as a fallen being | |
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| Pain | |
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| Pain and suffering | |
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| Physical Pain | |
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| Has pain a biological value? | |
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| Pain and the structure of the world | |
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| Animal pain | |
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| Suffering | |
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| Suffering as a function of meaning | |
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| Pain as a cause of suffering | |
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| A paradise without suffering? | |
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| Excessive or dysteleological suffering | |
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| The traditional answer: nature preverted by fallen angels | |
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| Soul-making and mystery | |
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| The Kingdom of God and the Will of God | |
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| The infinite future good | |
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| Theodicy versus hell | |
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| The intermediate state | |
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| Some residual problems | |
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| The biblical paradox of evil | |
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| Its source in the duality of the Christian life | |
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| Its eschatological resolution | |
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| Recent Work on the Problem of Evil | |
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| Index | |