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| Preface to the Second Edition | |
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| Introduction to the First Edition | |
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| Philosophy and the Social Sciences | |
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| A Philosophical Toolkit | |
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| Politics and Political Philosophy | |
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| The Book and Its Arguments | |
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| How to Read the Book | |
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| Empiricism and Positivism in Science | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Empiricism and the Theory of Knowledge | |
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| Positivism and Sociology | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Some Problems of Empiricism and Positivism | |
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| Introduction: Two Ways to Criticize Positivism | |
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| Some Problems of Empiricism | |
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| Further Problems of Positivism | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Science, Nature and Society: Some Alternatives to Empiricism | |
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| Marxism and Science | |
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| Weber, Merton and the Sociology of Science | |
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| Historical Epistemology and Structural Marxism | |
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| Revolutions and Relativism: From Kuhn to the 'Strong Programme' | |
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| Gender and Science: The Feminist Vision | |
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| The Reflexive Turn: 'Constructing' Nature and Society | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Post-script | |
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| Interpretive Approaches 1: Instrumental Rationality | |
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| Weber's Discussion of the Objects of the Social Sciences | |
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| Weber's Methodology: Understanding and Ideal Types | |
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| Weber on Objectivity and Value Freedom | |
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| Phenomenology: A Philosophical Foundation for Instrumental Rationality | |
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| Instrumental Variations I: Rational Choice Theory | |
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| Instrumental Variations II: Pragmatism and Symbolic Interactionism | |
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| Reasons and Causes | |
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| Individualism, Holism and Functional Explanation | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Post-script | |
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| Interpretive Approaches 2: Rationality as Rule-Following: Cultures, Traditions and Hermeneutics | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Peter Winch: Philosophy and Social Science | |
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| Language, Games and Rules | |
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| Understanding Other Societies | |
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| What Can We Do with Winch? | |
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| Alisdair MacIntyre: Narratives and Communities | |
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| Hermeneutics: Hans-Georg Gadamar | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Post-script | |
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| Interpretive Approaches 3: Critical Rationality | |
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| Introduction: Hegel, Marx and the Dialectic | |
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| The Dialectic of the Enlightenment | |
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| Ideology | |
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| Habermas: The Possibility of an Emancipatory Science | |
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| Critical Theory and the Linguistic Turn | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Post-script | |
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| Critical Realism and the Social Sciences | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Realism and Natural Science | |
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| Experiments, Laws and Mechanisms | |
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| Reality as Stratified | |
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| Stratification, Emergence and Reduction | |
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| Reality as Differentiated: Closed and Open Systems | |
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| Realism and Social Science | |
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| Critical Realism and Human Emancipation | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Post-script | |
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| Feminism, Knowledge and Society | |
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| Introduction: Objectivity and Cultural Diversity | |
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| Feminist Politics and Social Knowledge | |
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| Feminism and Epistemology | |
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| Debating the Feminist Standpoint | |
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| Post-modern Feminism | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Post-script | |
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| Post-structuralism and Post-modernism | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Post-structuralism: The Move to the Signifier | |
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| Foucault: The Construction of the Subject | |
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| Derrida and Deconstruction | |
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| Post-modernism: Losing Philosophy | |
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| The Politics of Post-structuralism and Post-modernism | |
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| What Do We Do with the Posts? | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Post-script | |
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| Conclusion: In Defence of Philosophy | |
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| Commentary on Recent Developments | |
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| Peter Winch and Hermeneutics | |
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| Meaning, Action and Explanation | |
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| Understanding Other Cultures and Criticizing One's Own | |
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| 'Limiting notions', Human Nature and Social Science Naturalism | |
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| Post-Marxism and Post-Structuralism | |
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| Critical Realism and Social Science | |
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| Personal Conclusions | |
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| Obituary for Professor Ian Craib (1945-2002) | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Index | |