| |
| |
| List of Boxes | |
| |
| |
| List of Figures and Tables | |
| |
| |
| Preface to the Third Edition | |
| |
| |
| Preface to the Second Edition (1999) | |
| |
| |
| Foreword to the First Edition | |
| |
| |
| Introduction to the First Edition | |
| |
| |
| |
| Building a Multicultural Society by Political Integration | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| The origins of modern Switzerland | |
| |
| |
| |
| Turning poor odds to good, or factors that made Swiss nation-building a success | |
| |
| |
| |
| Economy | |
| |
| |
| |
| Pressure from the outside | |
| |
| |
| |
| Democracy and social values | |
| |
| |
| |
| The combining of democracy with federalism | |
| |
| |
| |
| Religious and ethnic minorities from coexistence to pluralism | |
| |
| |
| |
| Political Catholicism: From segmentation to integration | |
| |
| |
| |
| Multilingualism: Understandings and misunderstandings | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Jura - The exception to integration | |
| |
| |
| |
| The challenges of socioeconomic inequality | |
| |
| |
| |
| A working class without a homeland | |
| |
| |
| |
| From class struggle to economic partnership | |
| |
| |
| |
| Proportional representation: The universal key to power-sharing | |
| |
| |
| |
| The limits of Swiss pluralism - New challenges for integration | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Federalism | |
| |
| |
| |
| Institutions | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Swiss interpretation of federalism | |
| |
| |
| |
| The division of powers between the federation and the cantons | |
| |
| |
| |
| Non-centralisation - Not decentralisation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Relations between the federation and the cantons | |
| |
| |
| |
| Federalist elements in the decision-making process | |
| |
| |
| |
| A bicameral legislature | |
| |
| |
| |
| Election to the National Council and the Council of States | |
| |
| |
| |
| Bicameral lawmaking | |
| |
| |
| |
| The people's and the cantons' vote | |
| |
| |
| |
| Local government: The corner stone of the Swiss 'bottom-up' state | |
| |
| |
| |
| Citizens' self-administration | |
| |
| |
| |
| Federalism at work | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cooperative federalism: How federal tasks are implemented by cantons and communes | |
| |
| |
| |
| How a deadlock over a federal programme allows experiments: The energy-saving policies of the cantons | |
| |
| |
| |
| How federalism copes with inequalities: The example of Swiss primary schools | |
| |
| |
| |
| Swiss federalism means regional solidarity, not competition | |
| |
| |
| |
| Dealing with the separatist issue: The dolorous birth of a new canton | |
| |
| |
| |
| The limits of Swiss federalism | |
| |
| |
| |
| Limits of implementation: Why some foreigners can buy real estate in Switzerland and others can not | |
| |
| |
| |
| The weakness of federal authorities, or how a canton can deny human rights to its citizens | |
| |
| |
| |
| Challenges | |
| |
| |
| |
| Federalism vs democracy: Why one citizen from Uri outweighs 34 citizens from Zurich, or to what extent is federalism compatible with democracy? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Urban regions - The lost dimension in Swiss federalism | |
| |
| |
| |
| The external challenge: Federalism in a period of globalisation | |
| |
| |
| |
| The internal challenge or: Why the Swiss want to preserve federalism | |
| |
| |
| |
| Direct Democracy | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction: The vote to abolish the Swiss army | |
| |
| |
| |
| Institutions, historical development and meanings of direct democracy | |
| |
| |
| |
| Obligatory and optional referenda | |
| |
| |
| |
| The popular initiative | |
| |
| |
| |
| Direct and semi-direct democracy: Historical origins and development | |
| |
| |
| |
| A closer look at the referendum and the initiative | |
| |
| |
| |
| The issues | |
| |
| |
| |
| Direct democracy's role in political agenda-setting | |
| |
| |
| |
| The use of referenda and initiatives | |
| |
| |
| |
| 'Braking' referenda and 'innovating' initiatives - Two different devices of direct democracy | |
| |
| |
| |
| The braking effect of the referendum | |
| |
| |
| |
| The innovating effect of the popular initiative | |
| |
| |
| |
| Participation in direct democracy | |
| |
| |
| |
| The deciding majority, or who are the people? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Regular voters, occasional participants and abstentionists | |
| |
| |
| |
| The people between knowledge, trust and propaganda | |
| |
| |
| |
| Example of a vote: Should there be tougher restrictions on refugees seeking asylum in Switzerland? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Shaping opinions in a voting campaign: The actors | |
| |
| |
| |
| Are voters capable to decide on high policy? Theory and the Swiss experience | |
| |
| |
| |
| The role of the political parties and their campaign | |
| |
| |
| |
| Can money and propaganda buy votes? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conclusions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Semi-direct democracy - An exceptional system | |
| |
| |
| |
| Direct democracy between integration and polarisation | |
| |
| |
| |
| The political culture of direct democracy - Particularities and limits | |
| |
| |
| |
| Consensus Democracy: The Swiss System of Power-Sharing | |
| |
| |
| |
| The development of Swiss consensus democracy | |
| |
| |
| |
| The impacts of the referendum on the composition of the government | |
| |
| |
| |
| Impacts on the legislative process | |
| |
| |
| |
| The system of power-sharing: Actors and the political process | |
| |
| |
| |
| The actors and their functions | |
| |
| |
| |
| The legislation process: The policy cycle | |
| |
| |
| |
| The features of power-sharing | |
| |
| |
| |
| The main characteristics of political compromise: No single winner takes all, everybody wins something | |
| |
| |
| |
| The technique of political compromise: Compensations that transform conflict from zero-sum to positive-sum games | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cooperation, trust and deliberative learning processes | |
| |
| |
| |
| Political elitism and its limits | |
| |
| |
| |
| The critics of Swiss consensus democracy | |
| |
| |
| |
| The referendum as an instrument of vested interests | |
| |
| |
| |
| Inequalities of influence | |
| |
| |
| |
| Lack of innovation? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Consensus democracy under stress | |
| |
| |
| |
| Political polarisation and the 'Konkordanz' crisis 2008 | |
| |
| |
| |
| Power-sharing in a polarised parliament | |
| |
| |
| |
| The pressure of globalisation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conclusions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Swiss democracy - An exceptional system | |
| |
| |
| |
| Who has more influence on politics: The British or the Swiss Voter? - or: The trade-off between elections and direct participation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Consensus democracy - Its past and its future | |
| |
| |
| |
| Comparative Perspectives | |
| |
| |
| |
| Direct democracy | |
| |
| |
| |
| Experiences of direct democracy compared | |
| |
| |
| |
| The practice of direct democracy in US states and Switzerland: Similarities and differences | |
| |
| |
| |
| The theory of direct democracy: Between ideal and reality | |
| |
| |
| |
| Direct vs representative democracy | |
| |
| |
| |
| 'Sensible' or 'semi-direct' democracy - A third model? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Perspectives of direct participation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Federalism | |
| |
| |
| |
| The essentials of federalist institutions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Federalism: A structure, a process and a political culture | |
| |
| |
| |
| Modern meanings of federalism | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cultural autonomy and difference | |
| |
| |
| |
| Federalism in times of globalisation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Federalism in developing countries | |
| |
| |
| |
| Federalism as a guarantee for cultural difference and diversity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Federalism and democracy | |
| |
| |
| |
| The question of secession | |
| |
| |
| |
| Non-territorial federalism | |
| |
| |
| |
| Power-sharing and consensus democracy | |
| |
| |
| |
| Majoritarian and consensus democracy: A comparison | |
| |
| |
| |
| Democratic power-sharing: A key to resolving conflicts in multicultural societies | |
| |
| |
| |
| Epilogue | |
| |
| |
| |
| Switzerland's future in the process of globalisation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Swiss democracy: Export model or subject of dialogue? | |
| |
| |
| Notes | |
| |
| |
| Bibliography | |
| |
| |
| Index | |