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| Acknowledgements | |
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| Note on References | |
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| Map | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Road to War | |
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| The Afghan context | |
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| The Soviet context | |
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| From coup to invasion | |
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| Soviet Strategy, Tactics, and Dilemmas | |
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| The Soviet armed forces | |
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| Soviet strategy | |
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| Soviet tactics | |
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| Soviet dilemmas | |
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| The Development of Afghan Resistance | |
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| Popular mobilization in Afghanistan | |
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| The role of Pakistan | |
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| International support for the Afghan resistance | |
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| The Karmal Period, 1979-1986 | |
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| Patterns of war | |
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| The structure of the regime and the role of the party | |
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| The Afghan secret police | |
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| The USSR and change in the Kabul regime | |
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| The Najibullah-Gorbachev Period, 1986-1989 | |
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| Patterns of war | |
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| Political change in Moscow and Kabul | |
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| The policy of 'national reconciliation' | |
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| The Road to Soviet Withdrawal | |
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| The Soviet decision to withdraw | |
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| The United Nations and the Geneva Accords | |
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| The course of the withdrawal | |
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| Consequences of the Soviet-Afghan War | |
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| Effects of the war on Afghanistan | |
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| Effects of the war on the Soviet Union | |
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| Two lessons of the war | |
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| The Interregnum of Najibullah, 1989-1992 | |
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| Mechanisms of regime maintenance | |
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| Fracturing within the Afghan resistance | |
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| UN attempts to manage transition | |
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| The collapse of the regime | |
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| The Rise and Fall of the Rabbani Government, 1992-1996 | |
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| The failure of elite settlements | |
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| The bombardment of Kabul | |
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| Beyond Kabul | |
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| The reappearance of the UN | |
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| Regime decay | |
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| The Rise and Rule of the Taliban, 1994-2001 | |
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| The origins and spread of the Taliban | |
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| The objectives of the Taliban | |
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| The Taliban and human rights | |
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| The Taliban and the world | |
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| The Fall of the Taliban | |
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| Osama Bin Laden and the Taliban | |
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| The obliteration of the Taliban regime | |
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| The Bonn Conference and its aftermath | |
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| Post-Taliban Afghanistan | |
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| Challenges in post-Taliban Afghanistan | |
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| Politics in post-Taliban Afghanistan | |
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| Reconstruction and development | |
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| Security threats in post-Taliban Afghanistan | |
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| Building security in post-Taliban Afghanistan | |
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| Post-Taliban Afghanistan and the world | |
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| Afghanistan, Pakistan and the Taliban threat | |
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| Afghanistan, and Iran | |
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| Afghan futures | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |