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| List of Tables, Figures and Exhibits | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Studying non-democratic regimes: why and how Modernizing to survive: the three phases of modernization | |
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| Problems of democratization | |
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| The persistence of non-democratic regimes | |
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| Theoretical Approaches | |
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| The totalitarian-authoritarian approach | |
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| The �military regime' and �one-party state' approaches | |
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| The personal-rule approach | |
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| A mixed approach | |
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| Monarchical and Personal Rule | |
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| Ruling monarchies: past | |
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| Rulig monarchies; present | |
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| Presidential monarchies | |
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| Military Rule | |
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| Motive | |
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| Means | |
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| Opportunity | |
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| The emergence of less-than military regimes | |
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| One-Party Rule | |
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| Motive | |
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| Means | |
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| Opportunity | |
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| Degeneration into one-person rule | |
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| Consolidation, Legitimacy and Control | |
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| Seeking legitimacy: why (according to them) do they rule? | |
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| Electoral means of legitmation | |
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| Ideological Iegitmation | |
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| Strengtheing control: how do they rule? | |
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| Military dictatorships' strengthening of control | |
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| Party dictatorships' strengthening of control | |
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| Policies and Performance | |
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| Distinctive policies | |
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| Personalist government and policy-making | |
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| Non-personalist government and policy-making | |
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| Bureacratic policy-making and politics | |
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| Performance and policy implementation | |
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| Democratization and the Demise of Dictatorship | |
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| The demise of dictatorships and birth of democracies | |
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| The military's relinquishing of power | |
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| Transitions from dictatorship to democratization | |
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| Transitions from personalist rule | |
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| Failures of democratization: failed transitions and failed states | |
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| Semi-Dictatorships and Semidemocracies | |
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| Democratically disguised (semi-) dictatorship | |
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| The historical stronghold: Latin America | |
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| The new stronghold: the former Soviet Union | |
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| Distinguishing between semi-dictatorship and semidemocracy | |
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| Semidemocracy: transitional or consolidated? | |
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| Ambiguous cases | |
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| The Future of Non-Democratic Regimes | |
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| Failuire | |
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| Extinction or resurgence? | |
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| New forms? | |
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| What has been learned in theory and practice?275 | |
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| Furher Reading | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Index | |