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Preface to the Third Edition | |
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General Considerations of Animal Form | |
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Major Considerations in Morphology | |
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The Phylum Chordata: Classification, External Anatomy, and Adaptive Radiation | |
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Classification | |
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Adaptive Radiation | |
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What Is a Chordate? | |
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Characteristics of the Vertebrates | |
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The Vertebrate Groups | |
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Patterns in Vertebrate Evolution | |
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Essential Features of Lower Types | |
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Phylum Hemichordata: A Prechordate Group | |
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The Lower Chordates, Subphylum Urochordata | |
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The Lower Chordates, Subphylum Cephalochordata | |
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Class Cyclostomata | |
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General Features of Chordate Development | |
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The Egg | |
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Cleavage and Blastulation | |
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Gastrulation | |
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Formation of Mesoderm | |
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Formation of the Neural Tube and Notochord | |
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Cells and Tissue Interactions | |
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Differentiation and Derivation | |
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Sources of Energy during Development | |
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The Comparative Anatomy of the Integumental Skeleton | |
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The Underlying Homology | |
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Some Developmental Considerations | |
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The Variation in End Products | |
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The Integumental-Environmental Interface | |
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The Keratinized Integumental Skeleton | |
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The Ossified Integumental Skeleton | |
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Integumental Color | |
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The Endoskeleton: The Comparative Anatomy of the Vertebral Column and Ribs | |
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General Considerations on the Endoskeleton | |
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Anatomy and Embryonic Origin of Vertebrae and Ribs | |
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Vertebral Columns of Some Archaic Fishes | |
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Vertebral Column of the Dogfish | |
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Vertebral Column of Teleosts | |
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Endoskeletal Fin Supports of Fishes | |
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Vertebral Column of Amphibia | |
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Vertebral Column of Reptiles and Amniotes in General | |
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Vertebral Column of Birds | |
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Vertebral Column of Mammals | |
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The Endoskeleton: The Comparative Anatomy of the Girdles, the Sternum, and the Paired Appendages | |
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General Considerations | |
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The Pelvic Girdle and the Posterior Appendages | |
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The Pectoral Girdle, the Sternum, and the Anterior Paired Appendages | |
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Some Variation of the Appendicular Skeleton in Tetrapods | |
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The Endoskeleton: The Comparative Anatomy of the Skull and the Visceral Skeleton | |
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Introduction: The Concept of the Skull | |
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The Chondrocranium | |
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The Splachnocranium | |
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The Dermatocranium | |
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The Composition of the Complete Skull: Characterization of the Primitive Tetrapod Skull | |
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The Teeth | |
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The Modern Amphibian Skull Exemplified by Necturus | |
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The Reptilian Skull Exemplified by the Alligator or Caiman | |
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The Mammalian Skull Exemplified by the Opossum and the Cat | |
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The Comparative Anatomy of the Muscular System | |
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Generalized Vertebrate Musculature as Exemplified by the Dogfish | |
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Early Tetrapod Musculature, Exemplified by Necturus | |
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Reptilian Musculature | |
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Avian Musculature | |
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Mammalian Musculature | |
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The Comparative Anatomy of the Coelom and of the Digestive and Respiratory Systems | |
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The Coelom and Mesenteries | |
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The Digestive Tract and Associated Structures | |
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Respiratory Structures | |
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The Alimentary Canal | |
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The Coelom and the Digestive and Respiratory Systems of Elasmobranchs | |
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The Respiratory and Digestive Systems of a Bony Fish | |
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The Coelom and the Digestive and Respiratory Systems of Necturus | |
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The Coelom and the Digestive and Respiratory Systems of the Turtle | |
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The Coelom and the Digestive and Respiratory Systems of the Pigeon | |
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The Coelom and the Digestive and Respiratory Systems of Mammals | |
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The Comparative Anatomy of the Circulatory System | |
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Parts of the Circulatory System | |
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Development of the Vascular System | |
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Structure and Evolution of the Vascular System | |
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Functional Anatomy and Evolution of the Heart | |
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Special Adaptations of the Vascular System | |
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The Circulatory System of Elasmobranchs | |
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The Circulatory System of Necturus | |
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The Circulatory System of the Turtle | |
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The Circulatory System of the Pigeon | |
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The Circulatory System of Mammals | |
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The Comparative Anatomy of the Urogenital System | |
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The Urogenital System of Selachians | |
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The Urogenital System of Necturus | |
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The Urogenital System of the Turtle | |
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The Urogenital System of the Pigeon | |
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The Urogenital System of Mammals | |
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The Comparative Anatomy of the Nervous System and the Sense Organs | |
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General Considerations | |
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The Nervous System and Sense Organs of Elasmobranchs | |
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The Nervous System and Sense Organs of the Perch (Perca) | |
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The Nervous System and Sense Organs of Necturus | |
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The Nervous System and Sense Organs of the Painted Turtle (Chrysemys) | |
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The Nervous System and Sense Organs of the Pigeon | |
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The Nervous System and Sense Organs of Mammals | |
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List of Contributors | |
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Index | |