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| List of Figures | |
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| List of Tables | |
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| Preface | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Pottery and Its History | |
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| Pottery and Ceramics: Definitions and Products | |
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| History of Pottery and Ceramics | |
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| Pottery and Ceramics in the Old World | |
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| The Near East | |
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| The Far East | |
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| Europe and the Mediterranean | |
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| Pottery in the New World | |
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| Overview of Pottery Studies | |
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| References | |
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| The Raw Materials of Pottery Making | |
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| Clays: Their Origin and Definitions | |
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| Earth Materials | |
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| Feldspars, Weathering, and Clay Origins | |
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| Definitions of Clays | |
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| Depositional Situation of Clays | |
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| Granulometry of Clays | |
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| Chemical Definitions of Clays | |
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| Mineralogical Definitions of Clays | |
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| Phyllosilicates | |
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| Lath-Structure Clays | |
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| Commercial Uses of Clays | |
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| Functional Definitions of Clays | |
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| References | |
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| Properties of Clays I: The Clay/Water System | |
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| The Clay/Water System | |
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| Plasticity | |
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| Factors Influencing Plasticity | |
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| Measuring Plasticity | |
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| Drying and Shrinkage | |
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| Water in the System | |
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| Processes of Drying and Shrinkage | |
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| Drying Defects and Green Strength | |
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| Measuring Shrinkage | |
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| Inclusions and Impurities | |
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| Coarse Inclusions | |
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| Colloids, Ions, and Organics | |
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| References | |
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| Properties of Clays II: Firing Behavior | |
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| Variables of Firing | |
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| Physical and Chemical Changes in Firing | |
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| Loss of Volatiles | |
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| Changes in the Clay Minerals | |
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| Changes in Inclusions and Impurities | |
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| Quartz | |
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| Feldspar | |
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| Calcium | |
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| Glaze Formation | |
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| Summary | |
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| The Thermal Reaction Sequence | |
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| The Fired Product: Stresses and Defects | |
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| Some Considerations of Firing Technology | |
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| References | |
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| Pottery Manufacture and Use | |
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| Pottery Manufacturing Technology: An Ethnographic Overview | |
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| Ethnographic Pottery Studies | |
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| Obtaining and Preparing Resources | |
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| Tools and Techniques | |
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| Ethnographic Examples | |
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| Forming, Finishing, and Decorating | |
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| Forming: Tools and Techniques | |
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| Hand Building and Molding | |
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| Throwing | |
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| Supports and Rotational Devices | |
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| Finishing: Tools and Techniques | |
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| Forming and Finishing: Ethnographic Examples | |
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| Surface Enhancement | |
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| Surface Penetration or Displacement | |
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| Additions to the Surface | |
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| Drying and Firing | |
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| Tools and Techniques | |
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| Nonkiln Firing | |
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| Kiln Firing | |
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| Postfiring Treatments | |
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| Ethnographic Examples | |
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| References | |
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| Pottery Economics: Perspectives on Production and Distribution | |
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| Anthropology and Commodity Production | |
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| Economic Anthropological Literature | |
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| Concepts in the Study of Production | |
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| Ethnographic Overview: A Focus on Firing | |
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| Firing Loss Rates | |
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| Fuel Costs | |
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| Issues in the Study of Pottery Production | |
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| Location of Production | |
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| Organization of Production | |
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| Scale of Production | |
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| Mode of Production | |
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| Models of Production and Specialization | |
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| Distribution and Exchange | |
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| Ethnographic Overview | |
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| Archaeological Approaches and Models of Distribution | |
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| Variability in Ceramic Products | |
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| Summary and Conclusions | |
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| References | |
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| Vessel Function: Form, Technology, and Use | |
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| Vessel Function | |
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| Kinds of Vessel Functions | |
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| Determining Vessel Function | |
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| Vessel Form: Relating Form and Function | |
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| Anatomy of a Vessel | |
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| Description of Form | |
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| Inferred Use Classifications | |
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| Vessel Contour Classifications | |
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| Geometric or Volume Classifications | |
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| Reconstructing Form from Sherds | |
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| Use-Related Properties: Capacity, Stability, Accessibility, and Transportability | |
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| Composition and Properties: Relating Technology to Use | |
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| Thickness | |
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| Resistance to Mechanical Stress | |
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| Thermal Behavior | |
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| Permeability/Porosity/Density | |
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| Surface Treatment | |
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| Direct Evidence of Use | |
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| Identification of Contents | |
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| Use Wear | |
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| Fireclouding and Sooting | |
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| Summary: Form, Technology, and Use | |
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| Vessel Functions | |
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| Vessel Forms | |
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| References | |
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| Pottery Decorative Styles and Stylistic Analysis | |
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| What Is Style? | |
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| Origins of Styles | |
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| Terminology of Styles | |
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| Analysis and Interpretation of Decorative Styles in Pottery | |
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| Design Elements and Interaction | |
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| Critiques of the Interaction Theory | |
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| Critiques of the Element Analysis Method | |
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| Alternative Approaches to Style | |
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| Symmetry Analysis | |
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| Design Structure Analysis | |
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| Information, Diversity, and Symbols | |
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| Summary: Additional Considerations and Problems | |
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| Problems of Method | |
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| Problems of Interpretation | |
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| References | |
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| Special Topics in Archaeological, Ethnoarchaeological, and Ethnographic Pottery Studies | |
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| Pottery Classification | |
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| Devised Classifications | |
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| Folk Classifications | |
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| Issues in Archaeological Pottery Classification | |
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| Descriptive and Chronological Systematics | |
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| Are Types "Real" or "Artificial"? | |
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| Statistical Approaches to Classification | |
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| What Is the Purpose of Classification? | |
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| Summary | |
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| Pottery Quantification | |
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| Sampling | |
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| Counts, Weights, and Vessel Equivalents | |
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| Assemblage Composition and Site Formation Processes | |
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| Ceramic Assemblages | |
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| Ethnographic Ceramic Censuses | |
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| Archaeological Approaches to Assemblages | |
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| Site Formation Processes | |
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| References | |
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| Characterization Studies of Pottery | |
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| Ceramic Characterization: An Introduction | |
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| Characterization | |
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| Technological Ceramic Studies | |
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| Historical Background | |
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| Technological Properties | |
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| Ceramic Ecology | |
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| Research Design Considerations | |
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| Identifying Problems | |
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| Selecting a Sample | |
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| Sampling Resources | |
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| Sampling Sherd Collections | |
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| Sampling for Analysis | |
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| Selecting Methods of Analysis | |
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| Interpreting Technological and Characterization Studies | |
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| References | |
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| The Color of Ceramic Materials | |
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| Human Perception of Color | |
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| Source of the Property and Its Variability | |
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| Organic Matter | |
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| Iron Compounds | |
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| Other Colorants | |
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| Glaze Colorants | |
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| Measuring Color | |
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| Estimating Firing Conditions from Color | |
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| References | |
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| Physical, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Pottery | |
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| Microstructure | |
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| Porosity | |
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| Hardness and Strength | |
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| Hardness | |
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| Strength | |
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| Thermal Properties and Stresses | |
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| Thermal Properties | |
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| Factors Influencing Thermal Stress Resistance | |
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| Intrinsic Properties | |
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| Temperature | |
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| Microstructure | |
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| Shape and Design | |
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| References | |
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| Mineralogical and Chemical Characterization of Pottery | |
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| Objectives and Sampling: Additional Considerations | |
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| Mineralogical Analysis | |
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| Petrographic Characterization | |
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| Some Principles of Optical Crystallography | |
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| The Polarizing Microscope | |
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| Petrographic Methods | |
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| X-Ray Diffraction | |
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| Thermal Analysis | |
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| Other Methods of Mineral Identification | |
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| Chemical Analysis | |
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| Classical Methods | |
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| Physical Methods | |
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| Optical Emission Spectroscopy | |
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| X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy | |
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| Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy | |
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| Neutron Activation Analysis | |
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| X-Ray Milliprobe | |
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| Proton-Induced X-Ray Emission | |
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| Mossbauer Spectroscopy | |
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| X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy | |
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| Structural and Microstructural Characterization | |
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| Electron Microscopy | |
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| Transmission and Scanning Electron Microscopes | |
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| Electron Microprobe | |
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| X-Ray Radiography | |
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| References | |
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| Special Topics in Ceramic Characterization Studies | |
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| What Is "Temper"? | |
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| Problems in Terminology | |
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| Distinguishing Natural from Added Substances | |
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| Alternative Terms | |
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| Provenience Studies | |
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| Assumptions and Procedures | |
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| Confounding Issues in Provenience Studies | |
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| Selecting Elements for Analysis | |
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| Comparing Sherds and Clays | |
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| Provenience and Production | |
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| Archaeothermometry: Estimating Firing Temperature | |
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| Physical Properties | |
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| Chemical Analysis | |
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| Mineralogy | |
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| Thermal Analysis | |
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| Summary | |
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| Dating and Authentication | |
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| Relative Dating | |
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| Chronometric Dating | |
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| Radiocarbon Dating | |
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| Archaeomagnetic Dating | |
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| Thermoluminescence Dating | |
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| Authentication | |
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| References | |
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| Epilogue | |
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| Continuity and Change in the Modern World | |
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| Change in Pottery Systems | |
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| Changes in the Products: The "Arts of Acculturation" | |
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| Changes in the Society | |
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| Continuity in Pottery Systems | |
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| Continuity in the Society | |
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| Continuity in the Products | |
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| Implications for Archaeology | |
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| References | |
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| Glossary | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |