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Introducing World Prehistory | |
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Beginnings - 7 Million To 200,000 Years Ago | |
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Human Origins: 7 Million to 1.9 Million Years Ago | |
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Archaic Humans: Homo ergaster, Homo erectus, and Homo sapiens: 1.9 Million to 150,000 Years Ago | |
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The Great Diaspora: The Origins And Spread Of Modern Humans: C. 200,000 Years Ago to Modern Times | |
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Origins and the Diaspora Begins c. 200,000 Years Ago and Later | |
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Europe and Eurasia: c. 48,000 Years Ago to 8000 B.C. | |
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The First Americans: Around 14000 B.C. to Modern Times | |
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After the Ice: Before 10000 B.C. to Modern Times | |
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First Farmers: C. 10000 B.C. To Modern Times | |
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Agriculture and Animal Domestication | |
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The Origins of Food Production in Southwest Asia | |
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The First European Farmers | |
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First Farmers in Egypt and Tropical Africa | |
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Asia and the Pacific: Rice, Roots, and Ocean Voyages | |
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The Story of Maize: Early Farmers in the Americas | |
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Old World Civilizations: c. 3000 B.C. to Modern Times | |
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The Development of Civilization | |
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Early Civilizations in Southwest Asia | |
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Egypt, Nubia, and Tropical Africa | |
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Early States in South and Southeast Asia | |
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Early Chinese Civilization | |
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Hittites, Minoans, and Mycenaeans | |
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Europe Before the Romans | |
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Native American Civilizations: Before 2000 B.C. to A.D. 1534 | |
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Mesoamerican Civilizations | |
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Andean Civilizations | |
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Detailed Table of Contents: | |
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Introducing World Prehistory | |
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Archaeology and Prehistory | |
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The Beginnings of World Prehistory | |
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Who Needs the Past? | |
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Studying Culture and Culture Change | |
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Primary Cultural Processes | |
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Theoretical Approaches: Culture as Adaptation | |
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Theoretical Approaches: Evolutionary Ecology and Hunter-Gatherers | |
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Theoretical Approaches: People as Agents of Change | |
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Beginnings - 7 Million to 200,000 Years Ago | |
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Human Origins: 7 Million to 1.9 Million Years Ago | |
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The Great Ice Age | |
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The Origins of the Human Line | |
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Molecular Biology and Human Evolution | |
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The Ecological Problems Faced by Early Hominins | |
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Fossil Evidence: 7 to 4 mya | |
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The First Australopithecines: c. 4 to 3 mya | |
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Fossil Evidence: 3 to 2.5 mya | |
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Early Homo: 2.5 to 2.0 mya | |
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Who Was the First Human? | |
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Archaeological Evidence for Early Human Behavior | |
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Plant Foraging and "Grandmothering" | |
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Toolmaking | |
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The Mind of the Earliest Humans | |
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The Development of Language | |
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Social Organization | |
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Archaic Humans: Homo ergaster, Homo erectus, and Homo sapiens: 1.9 Million to 150,000 Years Ago | |
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Pleistocene Background | |
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Homo ergaster in Africa | |
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The Radiation of Homo ergaster | |
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Out of Africa: Homo erectus in Asia | |
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Moving to the North: The Settlement of Temperate Latitudes | |
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Archaic Human Technology | |
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Evidence for Behavior: Boxgrove, Schningen, and Torralba | |
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Language | |
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The Neanderthals | |
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A More Complex Technology | |
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The Origins of Burial and Religious Belief | |
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Neanderthal Speech? | |
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The Denisovans | |
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The Great Diaspora: The Origins and Spread of Modern Humans: c. 200,000 Years Ago to Modern Times | |
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Origins and the Diaspora Begins c. 200,000 Years Ago and Later | |
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Origins | |
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Out of Africa | |
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When did Modern Cognitive Skills appear? | |
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First AMH Settlement in East and Southeast Asia | |
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New Guinea and Adjacent Islands | |
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Australia | |
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African Hunter-Gatherers | |
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Europe and Eurasia: c. 48,000 Years Ago to 8000 B.C. | |
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Unsuccessful Colonization | |
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Successful Colonization | |
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The Upper Pleistocene (c. 126,000 Years Ago to 8000 B.C.) | |
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Aurignacians and Their Successors (39,000 years ago to 8000 B.C.) | |
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Settling Eurasia (39,000to 15,000Years Ago) | |
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Siberia (33,000to 13,000Years Ago) | |
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Bifaces, Microblades, and the First Americans | |
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The First Americans: Around 14000 B.C. to Modern Times | |
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The First Settlement of the Americas | |
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Ice Sheets and the Bering Land Bridge | |
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The First Settlement of Alaska | |
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Biological and Linguistic Evidence for the First Americans | |
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Settlement Routes: Ice-Free Corridors and Seacoasts | |
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The Paleo-Indians: Clovis and Others | |
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Big-Game Extinctions | |
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Later Hunters and Gatherers | |
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Plains Hunters | |
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The Desert West | |
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Eastern North America | |
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Specialized Foraging Societies in Central and South America | |
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Aleuts and Inuit (Eskimo) | |
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After the Ice: Before 10000 B.C. to Modern Times | |
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The Holocene (After 10000 B.C.) | |
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Coping with Environmental Variation | |
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Mesolithic Hunter-Gatherers in Europe | |
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Mesolithic Complexity in Scandinavia | |
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Hunter-Gatherer Complexity | |
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Hunter-Gatherer Societies in Southwest Asia | |
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First Farmers: c. 10000 B.C. to Modern Times | |
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Agriculture and Animal Domestication | |
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Theories About the Origins of Food Production | |
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Differing Dates for Food Production | |
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Studying Early Food Production | |
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Why Did Food Production Take Hold So Late? | |
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Consequences of Food Production | |
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Nutrition and Early Food Production | |
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Herding: Domestication of Animals | |
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Plant Cultivation | |
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Technology and Domestication | |
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The Origins of Food Production in Southwest Asia | |
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Climate Change and Adaptation | |
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The First Farmers | |
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The Zagros and Mesopotamia | |
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Early Farmers in Anatolia | |
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Two Stages of Farming Development | |
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The First European Farmers | |
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Mesolithic Prelude | |
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The Transition to Farming in Europe | |
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Farming in Greece and Southern Europe | |
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The Spread of Agriculture into Temperate Europe | |
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Frontiers and Transitions | |
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Social Changes, Lineages, and the Individual | |
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The Introduction of the Plow | |
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Plains Farmers: Tripolye | |
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Mediterranean and Western Europe | |
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The Megaliths | |
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First Farmers in Egypt and Tropical Africa | |
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Hunter-Gatherers on the Nile | |
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Agricultural Origins Along the Nile | |
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Saharan Pastoralists | |
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Early Food Production in Sub-Saharan Africa | |
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Asia and the Pacific: Rice, Roots, and Ocean Voyages | |
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The Origins of Rice Cultivation | |
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Early Farming in China | |
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Jomon and Early Agriculture in Japan | |
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Early Agriculture in Southeast Asia | |
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Rice and Root Cultivation in Island Southeast Asia | |
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Agriculture in the Pacific Islands | |
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The Lapita Cultural Complex and the Settlement of Melanesia and Western Polynesia | |
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Long-Distance Voyaging in the Pacific | |
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The Story of Maize: Early Farmers in the Americas | |
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The First Plant Domestication | |
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Early Food Production in the Andes | |
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Early Farmers in Southwestern North America | |
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Preagricultural and Agricultural Societies in Eastern North America | |
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Moundbuilder Cultures | |
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Human Settlement in the Caribbean | |
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Old World Civilizations: c. 3000 B.C. to Modern Times | |
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The Development of Civilization | |
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Civilization | |
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Cities | |
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Six Classic Theories of the Emergence of States | |
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Social Theories | |
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Imploding Civilizations | |
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Early Civilizations in Southwest Asia | |
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Upland Villages | |
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Settlement of the Lowlands | |
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Uruk: The Mesopotamian City | |
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Sumerian Civilization | |
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Exchange on the Iranian Plateau | |
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The Widening of Political Authority | |
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The Akkadians | |
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Babylon | |
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The Assyrians | |
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Egypt, Nubia, and Tropical Africa | |
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The Origins of the Egyptian State | |
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Archaic Egypt and the Creation of the Great Culture (2920 to 2575 B.C.) | |
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The Old Kingdom and the Pyramids (c. 2575 to 2180 B.C.) | |
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The Egyptian State | |
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The First Intermediate Period and the Middle Kingdom (2180 to 1640 B.C.) | |
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The Second Intermediate Period (1640 to 1530 B.C.) | |
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The New Kingdom (1530 to 1070 B.C.) | |
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The Late Period (1070 to 332 B.C.) | |
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Egypt and Africa | |
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Nubia: The Land of Kush | |
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Meroe and Aksum | |
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North Africa | |
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Jenne-jeno and the Rise of West African States | |
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Farmers and Traders in Eastern and Southern Africa | |
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Europe and Africa | |
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Early States in South and Southeast Asia | |
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The Roots of South Asian Civilization | |
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Highlands and Lowlands: The Kulli Complex | |
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A Rapid Transition | |
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Mature Harappan Civilization | |
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South Asia After the Harappans | |
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Southeast Asian States | |
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The Angkor State (A.D. 802 to 1430) | |
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Early Chinese Civilization | |
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The Origins of Chinese Civilization | |
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Erlitou: Xia and Shang | |
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The Warlords | |
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Hittites, Minoans, and Mycenaeans | |
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Early Towns in Anatolia | |
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Balance of Power: The Hittites | |
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The Sea Peoples and the Rise of Israel | |
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The Phoenicians | |
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The Aegean and Greece | |
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The Minoans | |
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The Mycenaeans | |
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Greek City-States After Mycenae | |
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The Etruscans and the Romans | |
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Europe Before the Romans | |
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Early Copper Working | |
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Battle Axes and Beakers | |
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The European Bronze Age | |
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Bronze Age Warriors | |
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The Scythians and Other Steppe Peoples | |
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The First Ironworking | |
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The Hallstatt Culture | |
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La Tne Culture | |
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Native American Civilizations: Before 2000 B.C. to A.D. 1534 | |
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Mesoamerican Civilizations | |
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Village Farming | |
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Preclassic Peoples in Mesoamerica | |
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The Rise of Complex Society in Oaxaca | |
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Monte Albn | |
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Teotihuacn | |
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Maya Civilization | |
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The Ninth-Century Collapse | |
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The Toltecs | |
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Aztec Civilization and the Spanish Conquest | |
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Andean Civilizations | |
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The Maritime Foundations of Andean Civilization | |
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Coastal Foundations: The Initial Period | |
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Chavn de Huntar | |
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Paracas: Textiles and Coastal Prehistory | |
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Complex Society in the Southern Highlands: Chiripa and Pukara | |
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The Early Intermediate Period | |
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The Moche State | |
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The Middle Horizon: Tiwanaku and Wari | |
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The Late Intermediate Period: Sicn and Chimor | |
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The Late Horizon: The Inca State | |
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Amazonia | |
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The Spanish Conquest (1532 to 1534) | |