| |
| |
| Box Features | |
| |
| |
| Preface | |
| |
| |
| MySocLab | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Political Economy of Social Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Sociological Approach to Social Problems | |
| |
| |
| History of Social Problems Theory | |
| |
| |
| Toward a Definition of Social Problems | |
| |
| |
| Types of Social Problems | |
| |
| |
| Norm Violations | |
| |
| |
| Social Conditions | |
| |
| |
| The Sociological Imagination | |
| |
| |
| Social Structure as the Basic Unit of Analysis | |
| |
| |
| Person-Blame Approach versus System-Blame Approach | |
| |
| |
| Reasons for Focusing on the System-Blame Approach | |
| |
| |
| Sociological Methods: The Craft of Sociology | |
| |
| |
| Sociological Questions | |
| |
| |
| Problems in Collecting Data | |
| |
| |
| Sources of Data | |
| |
| |
| Organization of the Book | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Review | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| |
| Wealth and Power: The Bias of the System | |
| |
| |
| U.S. Economy: Concentration of Corporate Wealth | |
| |
| |
| Monopolistic Capitalism | |
| |
| |
| Transnational Corporations | |
| |
| |
| Concentration of Wealth | |
| |
| |
| Political System: Links Between Wealth and Power | |
| |
| |
| Government by Interest Groups | |
| |
| |
| Financing of Political Campaigns | |
| |
| |
| Candidate Selection Process | |
| |
| |
| Bias of the Political System | |
| |
| |
| Consequences of Concentrated Power | |
| |
| |
| Subsidies to Big Business | |
| |
| |
| Trickle-Down Solutions | |
| |
| |
| The Powerless Bear the Burden | |
| |
| |
| Foreign Policy for Corporate Benefit | |
| |
| |
| Reprise: The Best Democracy Money Can Buy | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Review | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| |
| Problems of People, the Environment, and Location | |
| |
| |
| |
| World Population and Global Inequality | |
| |
| |
| World Population Growth | |
| |
| |
| Demographic Transition | |
| |
| |
| Family Planning | |
| |
| |
| Societal Changes | |
| |
| |
| Poverty | |
| |
| |
| Food and Hunger | |
| |
| |
| Sickness and Disease | |
| |
| |
| The New Slavery | |
| |
| |
| Concentration of Misery in Cities | |
| |
| |
| U.S. Relations with the Developing World | |
| |
| |
| Transnational Corporations | |
| |
| |
| United States in the Global Village | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Review | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| |
| Threats to the Environment | |
| |
| |
| Worldwide Environmental Problems | |
| |
| |
| Degradation of the Land | |
| |
| |
| Destruction of the Tropical Rain Forests and Other Forms of Deforestation | |
| |
| |
| Environmental Pollution and Degradation | |
| |
| |
| Fossil Fuel Dependence and Environmental Degradation | |
| |
| |
| Climate Change | |
| |
| |
| Sources of U.S. Environmental Problems | |
| |
| |
| Cultural Sources | |
| |
| |
| Structural Sources | |
| |
| |
| Solutions to the Environmental Crises | |
| |
| |
| Individual/Local Solutions | |
| |
| |
| Societal-Level Solutions | |
| |
| |
| Global-Level Solutions | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Review | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| |
| Demographic Changes in the United States: The Browning and Graying of Society | |
| |
| |
| Profile of the U.S. Population | |
| |
| |
| New Immigration and the Changing Racial Landscape | |
| |
| |
| Immigration and Increasing Diversity | |
| |
| |
| Consequences of the New Immigration | |
| |
| |
| Immigration and Agency | |
| |
| |
| Effects of Immigration on Immigrants: Ethnic Identity or Assimilation? | |
| |
| |
| The Aging Society | |
| |
| |
| Demographic Trends | |
| |
| |
| Demographic Portrait of the Current Elderly Population | |
| |
| |
| Problems of an Aging Society | |
| |
| |
| Social Security | |
| |
| |
| Paying for Healthcare | |
| |
| |
| Elder Abuse | |
| |
| |
| Responses by the Elderly | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Review | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| |
| Problems of Place: Urban, Suburban, and Rural | |
| |
| |
| Urban Problems | |
| |
| |
| Urban Job Loss | |
| |
| |
| Disinvestment | |
| |
| |
| Federal Abandonment | |
| |
| |
| Urban Poverty | |
| |
| |
| Urban Housing Crisis | |
| |
| |
| Decaying Infrastructure | |
| |
| |
| Transportation, Pollution, and the Environment | |
| |
| |
| Health and Healthcare | |
| |
| |
| Urban Schools | |
| |
| |
| Crime, Drugs, and Gangs | |
| |
| |
| Suburban Problems | |
| |
| |
| Suburban Sprawl | |
| |
| |
| Automobile Dependency | |
| |
| |
| Social Isolation in the Suburbs | |
| |
| |
| Transforming the Suburbs: The End of Sprawl? | |
| |
| |
| Rural Problems | |
| |
| |
| Poverty | |
| |
| |
| Jobs in Rural Areas | |
| |
| |
| Environment | |
| |
| |
| Healthcare and Delivery | |
| |
| |
| Small-Town Decline | |
| |
| |
| Crime and Illicit Drugs | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Review | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| |
| Problems of Inequality | |
| |
| |
| |
| Poverty | |
| |
| |
| Extent of Poverty | |
| |
| |
| Racial/Ethnic Minorities | |
| |
| |
| Gender | |
| |
| |
| Age | |
| |
| |
| Place | |
| |
| |
| The New Poor | |
| |
| |
| The Working Poor | |
| |
| |
| The Near Poor | |
| |
| |
| The Severely Poor | |
| |
| |
| Myths about Poverty | |
| |
| |
| Just "Get a Job" | |
| |
| |
| Welfare Dependency | |
| |
| |
| The Poor Get Special Advantages | |
| |
| |
| Causes of Poverty | |
| |
| |
| Deficiency Theories | |
| |
| |
| Structural Theories | |
| |
| |
| Costs of Poverty | |
| |
| |
| Family Problems | |
| |
| |
| Health Problems | |
| |
| |
| Problems in School | |
| |
| |
| Economic Costs | |
| |
| |
| Elimination of Poverty | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Review | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| |
| Racial and Ethnic Inequality | |
| |
| |
| How to Think about Racial and Ethnic Inequality | |
| |
| |
| Racial and Ethnic Minorities | |
| |
| |
| Racial Categories | |
| |
| |
| Ethnic Groups and Their Differences | |
| |
| |
| Racial and Ethnic Groups in the United States | |
| |
| |
| Explanations of Racial and Ethnic Inequality | |
| |
| |
| Deficiency Theories | |
| |
| |
| Bias Theories | |
| |
| |
| Structural Discrimination Theories | |
| |
| |
| Discrimination against African Americans and Latinos: Continuity and Change | |
| |
| |
| Income | |
| |
| |
| Education | |
| |
| |
| Unemployment | |
| |
| |
| Type of Employment | |
| |
| |
| Health | |
| |
| |
| Contemporary Trends and Issues in U.S. Racial and Ethnic Relations | |
| |
| |
| Ongoing Racial Strife | |
| |
| |
| More Racially Based Groups and Activities | |
| |
| |
| Social and Economic Isolation in U.S. Inner Cities | |
| |
| |
| Racial Policies in the New Century | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Review | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| |
| Gender Inequality | |
| |
| |
| Women and Men Are Differentiated and Ranked | |
| |
| |
| Is Gender Biological or Social? | |
| |
| |
| Gender and Power | |
| |
| |
| What Causes Gender Inequality? | |
| |
| |
| Socialization versus Structure: Two Approaches to Gender Inequality | |
| |
| |
| Learning Gender | |
| |
| |
| Children at Home | |
| |
| |
| Children at Play | |
| |
| |
| Formal Education | |
| |
| |
| Socialization as Blaming the Victim | |
| |
| |
| Reinforcing Male Dominance | |
| |
| |
| Language | |
| |
| |
| Interpersonal Behavior | |
| |
| |
| Mass Media | |
| |
| |
| Religion | |
| |
| |
| The Law | |
| |
| |
| Politics | |
| |
| |
| Structured Gender Inequality | |
| |
| |
| Occupational Distribution | |
| |
| |
| The Earnings Gap | |
| |
| |
| Intersection of Race and Gender in the Workplace | |
| |
| |
| How Workplace Inequality Operates | |
| |
| |
| Gender in the Global Economy | |
| |
| |
| The Costs and Consequences of Sexism | |
| |
| |
| Who Benefits? | |
| |
| |
| The Social and Individual Costs | |
| |
| |
| Fighting the System | |
| |
| |
| Feminist Movements in the United States | |
| |
| |
| Women's Struggles in the Twenty-First Century | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Review | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sexual Orientation | |
| |
| |
| Heteronormativity | |
| |
| |
| Gay and Lesbian Community: An Overview | |
| |
| |
| Defining Homosexuality | |
| |
| |
| The Numbers | |
| |
| |
| Interpersonal Relationships and Domestic Arrangements among Gays and Lesbians | |
| |
| |
| Past and Present Discrimination | |
| |
| |
| Ideological Oppression | |
| |
| |
| Legal Oppression: The Law and the Courts | |
| |
| |
| Fighting the System: Human Agency | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Review | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| |
| Disability and Ableism | |
| |
| |
| Definitions | |
| |
| |
| Individual Model of Disability | |
| |
| |
| Social Model of Disability | |
| |
| |
| Toward a More Complete Definition of Disability | |
| |
| |
| People with Disabilities as a Minority Group | |
| |
| |
| Defined as Different | |
| |
| |
| Derogatory Naming | |
| |
| |
| Minority as a Master Status | |
| |
| |
| Categorization, Stigma, and Stereotypes | |
| |
| |
| Exclusion and Segregation | |
| |
| |
| Matrix of Domination | |
| |
| |
| Discrimination | |
| |
| |
| Issues of Gender, Sexual Behavior, and Fertility | |
| |
| |
| Gender Stereotyping | |
| |
| |
| Sexual Relationships | |
| |
| |
| Physical and Sexual Abuse | |
| |
| |
| The Abortion Issue | |
| |
| |
| Agency | |
| |
| |
| Disability Rights Movement | |
| |
| |
| Americans with Disabilities Act | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Review | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| |
| Social Structure and Individual Deviance | |
| |
| |
| |
| Crime and Justice | |
| |
| |
| Crime in Society | |
| |
| |
| What Is Crime? | |
| |
| |
| Crime Rates | |
| |
| |
| Demographic Characteristics of People Arrested for Crimes | |
| |
| |
| Categories of Crime | |
| |
| |
| Unjust System of Justice | |
| |
| |
| Laws | |
| |
| |
| Police | |
| |
| |
| Judicial Process | |
| |
| |
| U.S. Correctional System | |
| |
| |
| Stopping the Cradle to Prison Pipeline | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Review | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| |
| Drugs | |
| |
| |
| The Politics of Drags | |
| |
| |
| Historical Legality of Drags | |
| |
| |
| Factors Influencing Drag Laws and Enforcement | |
| |
| |
| Drug Use in U.S. Society | |
| |
| |
| Commonly Abused Illegal Drags | |
| |
| |
| Legal but Dangerous Drugs | |
| |
| |
| Drag Use Patterns by Class, Race, and Gender | |
| |
| |
| Why Use Drugs? | |
| |
| |
| U.S. Official Policy: A War on Drags | |
| |
| |
| Consequences of Official Drug Policies | |
| |
| |
| Is the Drag War Racist? | |
| |
| |
| Alternatives | |
| |
| |
| Regulation of Trade or Use through Licensing and Taxation | |
| |
| |
| Noninterference | |
| |
| |
| Address the Social Causes of Drug Use | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Review | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| |
| Institutional Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Economy and Work | |
| |
| |
| Capitalism and Socialism | |
| |
| |
| Capitalism | |
| |
| |
| Socialism | |
| |
| |
| Mega Economic Trends | |
| |
| |
| Globalization | |
| |
| |
| The Transformation of the Economy: From Manufacturing to Services | |
| |
| |
| The Changing Nature of Jobs | |
| |
| |
| The Great Recession (2007-2010 and Beyond) | |
| |
| |
| Work and Social Problems | |
| |
| |
| Control of Workers | |
| |
| |
| Alienation | |
| |
| |
| Dangerous Working Conditions | |
| |
| |
| Sweatshops | |
| |
| |
| Unions and Their Decline | |
| |
| |
| Discrimination in the Workplace: Perpetuation of Inequality | |
| |
| |
| Job Insecurity | |
| |
| |
| Benefits Insecurity | |
| |
| |
| Increased Workload | |
| |
| |
| Worker Compensation | |
| |
| |
| The Problem: Workers or Jobs? | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Review | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| |
| Families | |
| |
| |
| The Mythical Family in the United States | |
| |
| |
| U.S. Families in Historical Perspective: The Family in Capitalism | |
| |
| |
| Stratification and Family Life: Unequal Life Chances | |
| |
| |
| Changing Families in a Changing World | |
| |
| |
| Economic Transformation and Family Life | |
| |
| |
| Today's Diverse Family Forms | |
| |
| |
| Balancing Work and Family with Few Social Supports | |
| |
| |
| Single Parents and Their Children | |
| |
| |
| Societal Response to Disadvantaged Children | |
| |
| |
| Divorce | |
| |
| |
| Consequences of Divorce | |
| |
| |
| Children of Divorce | |
| |
| |
| Violence in U.S. Families | |
| |
| |
| Violence and the Social Organization of the Family | |
| |
| |
| Intimate Partner Violence | |
| |
| |
| Child Abuse and Neglect | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Review | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| |
| Education | |
| |
| |
| Characteristics of Education in the United States | |
| |
| |
| Education as a Conserving Force | |
| |
| |
| Mass Education | |
| |
| |
| Preoccupation with Order and Control | |
| |
| |
| A Fragmented Education System | |
| |
| |
| Local Control of Education | |
| |
| |
| A Lack of Curriculum Standardization | |
| |
| |
| "Sifting" and "Sorting" Function of Schools | |
| |
| |
| Education and Inequality | |
| |
| |
| Financing Public Education | |
| |
| |
| Family Economic Resources | |
| |
| |
| Higher Education and Stratification | |
| |
| |
| Segregation | |
| |
| |
| Tracking and Teachers' Expectations | |
| |
| |
| Possibilities for Promoting Equality of Opportunity | |
| |
| |
| Provide Universal Preschool Programs | |
| |
| |
| Offer Free Education | |
| |
| |
| Set National Education Standards | |
| |
| |
| Reduce Funding Disparities across States and Districts | |
| |
| |
| Reduce Class and School Size | |
| |
| |
| Attract and Retain Excellent Teachers | |
| |
| |
| Extend the School Day and Year | |
| |
| |
| Hold Educators Accountable | |
| |
| |
| Reform the Educational Philosophy of Schools | |
| |
| |
| Restructure Society | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Review | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Healthcare System | |
| |
| |
| Crises in Healthcare: Cost, Coverage, and Consequences | |
| |
| |
| Rising Healthcare Costs | |
| |
| |
| Does the High Cost of Healthcare Translate into Good Health Consequences? | |
| |
| |
| The Healthcare System in the United States Prior to the 2010 Reform | |
| |
| |
| Different Plans for Different Categories | |
| |
| |
| Private Insurance | |
| |
| |
| For-Profit Hospitals | |
| |
| |
| Managed Care Networks | |
| |
| |
| Unequal Access to Healthcare | |
| |
| |
| Social Class | |
| |
| |
| Race/Ethnicity | |
| |
| |
| Gender | |
| |
| |
| HIV/AIDS: The Intersection of Class, Race, and Gender | |
| |
| |
| Models for National Healthcare: Lessons from Other Societies | |
| |
| |
| The Bismarck Model | |
| |
| |
| The Beveridge Model | |
| |
| |
| The National Health Insurance Model | |
| |
| |
| Reforming the Healthcare System of the United States | |
| |
| |
| The Politics of Health Reform | |
| |
| |
| The Obama Plan | |
| |
| |
| The Supreme Court and the Affordable Health Care Act | |
| |
| |
| The Future of the Affordable Health Care Act | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Review | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| |
| National Security in the Twenty-First Century | |
| |
| |
| The U.S. Military Establishment | |
| |
| |
| The Size of me U.S. Military | |
| |
| |
| The Cost of Maintaining U.S. Military Superiority | |
| |
| |
| The Threat of Nuclear Weapons | |
| |
| |
| The Terrorism Threat | |
| |
| |
| Domestic Terrorism | |
| |
| |
| International Terrorism | |
| |
| |
| U.S. National Security and the War on Terror | |
| |
| |
| Prelude to the War on Terror | |
| |
| |
| The Precipitating Event | |
| |
| |
| A Rush to War | |
| |
| |
| The War in Iraq | |
| |
| |
| The Afghanistan War | |
| |
| |
| The Costs of the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars | |
| |
| |
| The Legacy of the Wars | |
| |
| |
| Twenty-First Century Warfare | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Review | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| |
| Solutions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Progressive Plan to Solve Social Problems | |
| |
| |
| Sociology, Social Problems, and Social Change | |
| |
| |
| The Sociological Imagination and Social Problems | |
| |
| |
| Sociological Paradox: Structure and Agency | |
| |
| |
| A Sociological Dilemma: Recognition and Rejection | |
| |
| |
| Progressive Principles to Guide Public Policy | |
| |
| |
| Is a Progressive Social Policy Possible? | |
| |
| |
| Should a Progressive Plan Be Adopted by U.S. Society? | |
| |
| |
| Financing the Progressive Agenda | |
| |
| |
| Is There Any Hope of Instituting a Social Agenda Based on Progressive Principles? | |
| |
| |
| Human Agency: Social Change from the Bottom Up | |
| |
| |
| Individuals Protesting and Organizing for Change | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Review | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| Bibliography | |
| |
| |
| Credits | |
| |
| |
| Index | |
| |
| |
| Demographics | |