| |
| |
Preface | |
| |
| |
| |
Understanding Underdevelopment | |
| |
| |
Third World Commonalities: The Nature of Underdevelopment | |
| |
| |
Economic Underdevelopment | |
| |
| |
Social Underdevelopment | |
| |
| |
Political Underdevelopment | |
| |
| |
Some Relationships between the Components of Development | |
| |
| |
The Causes of Underdevelopment | |
| |
| |
Modernization Theory and the Importance of Cultural Values | |
| |
| |
Dependency Theory: The Core and the Periphery | |
| |
| |
Modernization and Dependency Theories Compared | |
| |
| |
Contemporary Perspectives | |
| |
| |
How Much (or How Little) Progress Has Been Made? | |
| |
| |
| |
The Explosion of Third World Democracy | |
| |
| |
Democracy Defined | |
| |
| |
Democratic Transition and Consolidation | |
| |
| |
Authoritarian Beginnings | |
| |
| |
Justifying Authoritarian Rule | |
| |
| |
The Third Wave and Its Effect on the Third World | |
| |
| |
International Causes and Consequences of the Third Wave | |
| |
| |
The Prerequisites of Democracy in Individual Countries | |
| |
| |
Social and Economic Modernization | |
| |
| |
Class Structure | |
| |
| |
Political Culture | |
| |
| |
The Curse of Oil Wealth | |
| |
| |
How Do Democracies Perform? Public Policy Compared | |
| |
| |
Democratic Consolidation | |
| |
| |
Improving the Quality of Democracy | |
| |
| |
Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
Religion and Politics | |
| |
| |
The Meeting of Church and State | |
| |
| |
Great Religions of the Third World | |
| |
| |
Religion, Modernity, and Secularization | |
| |
| |
Structural and Theological Bases of Church-State Relations | |
| |
| |
Islam | |
| |
| |
Catholicism | |
| |
| |
Hinduism and Buddhism | |
| |
| |
Religious Fundamentalism and Islamism | |
| |
| |
Defining and Explaining Fundamentalism | |
| |
| |
Fundamentalists: Radical and Conservative | |
| |
| |
The Iranian Revolution: Radical Islamism as a Reaction to Western-Style Modernization | |
| |
| |
Al Qaeda and Militant Islamism | |
| |
| |
Islamist Terrorists in Western Europe: A New Frontier | |
| |
| |
Turkey and Moderate Islamism | |
| |
| |
The Strengthening of Moderate Islam | |
| |
| |
The Progressive Catholic Church | |
| |
| |
The Future of Religion and Politics in the Developing World | |
| |
| |
Conclusion: Religion and Democracy | |
| |
| |
| |
The Politics of Cultural Pluralism and Ethnic Conflict | |
| |
| |
Defining Ethnicity | |
| |
| |
Ethnic and State Boundaries | |
| |
| |
Types of Ethnic and Cultural Divisions | |
| |
| |
Nationality | |
| |
| |
Tribe | |
| |
| |
Race | |
| |
| |
Religion | |
| |
| |
Dependency, Modernization, and Ethnic Conflict | |
| |
| |
Levels of Interethnic Conflict | |
| |
| |
Minimal Conflict | |
| |
| |
Uneasy Balance | |
| |
| |
Enforced Hierarchy (Ethnic Dominance) | |
| |
| |
Systematic Violence | |
| |
| |
Outcomes and Resolutions | |
| |
| |
Power Sharing: Federalism and Consociationalism | |
| |
| |
Secession | |
| |
| |
Outside Intervention | |
| |
| |
Settlement through Exhaustion | |
| |
| |
Toward a Peaceful Resolution of Conflict | |
| |
| |
Conclusion: Ethnic Pluralism and Democracy | |
| |
| |
| |
Women and Development | |
| |
| |
The Political and Socioeconomic Status of Third World Women | |
| |
| |
Modernization and Women's Economic Status | |
| |
| |
Women in the Economy: Rural and Urban | |
| |
| |
Women and Politics | |
| |
| |
Women's Political Activism at the Grassroots | |
| |
| |
Women as National Political Leaders | |
| |
| |
Reserved Seats and Quotas: Female Representation in Parliament | |
| |
| |
Women and Revolutionary Change | |
| |
| |
Women as Peacekeepers | |
| |
| |
The Status of Women: The Roles of Modernization, Globalization, and Regime Type | |
| |
| |
Conclusion: Democracy and the Role of Women in Society | |
| |
| |
| |
The Politics of the Rural and Urban Poor | |
| |
| |
The Rural Poor: Third World Peasantry | |
| |
| |
Rural Class Structures | |
| |
| |
Peasant Politics | |
| |
| |
The Politics of Agrarian Reform | |
| |
| |
Patterns of Land Concentration | |
| |
| |
The Case for Agrarian Reform | |
| |
| |
The Decline of Agrarian Reform | |
| |
| |
Crop Pricing: Another Approach to Rural Poverty | |
| |
| |
The Future of the Rural Poor | |
| |
| |
Rapid Urbanization and the Politics of the Urban Poor | |
| |
| |
The Third World's Urban Explosion | |
| |
| |
The Political Consequences of Urban Growth | |
| |
| |
The Search for Employment | |
| |
| |
The Urban Poor's Struggle for Housing | |
| |
| |
Public Housing and the Role of the State | |
| |
| |
Spontaneous Housing | |
| |
| |
Sites-and-Services Programs | |
| |
| |
The Problem of Urban Crime | |
| |
| |
The Politics of the Urban Poor: Conflicting Images | |
| |
| |
Forms of Political Expression among the Urban Poor | |
| |
| |
Individual Political Behavior | |
| |
| |
Collective Goals: Housing and Urban Services | |
| |
| |
Radical Political Behavior | |
| |
| |
Conclusion: The Role of the Rural and Urban Poor in Democratic Change | |
| |
| |
| |
Revolutionary Change | |
| |
| |
Defining Revolution | |
| |
| |
Underlying Causes of Revolution | |
| |
| |
Inexorable Historical Forces | |
| |
| |
Regime Decay | |
| |
| |
Challenges from Below | |
| |
| |
Causes of Revolution: A Summary | |
| |
| |
Levels of Popular Support | |
| |
| |
Peasants as Revolutionaries | |
| |
| |
Why Peasants Rebel | |
| |
| |
Which Peasants Rebel | |
| |
| |
Revolutionary Leadership | |
| |
| |
Revolutionaries in Power | |
| |
| |
Conclusion: Revolutionary Change and Democracy | |
| |
| |
| |
Soldiers and Politics | |
| |
| |
The Causes of Military Intervention | |
| |
| |
The Nature of the Armed Forces | |
| |
| |
The Nature of Civil Society | |
| |
| |
Progressive Soldiers and Military Conservatives | |
| |
| |
The Types and Goals of Military Regimes | |
| |
| |
Personalistic Regimes | |
| |
| |
Institutional Military Regimes | |
| |
| |
The Accomplishments and Failures of Military Regimes | |
| |
| |
Combating Corruption | |
| |
| |
Defending Military Interests | |
| |
| |
Patterns in Military Spending | |
| |
| |
Establishing Stability | |
| |
| |
Improving the Economy | |
| |
| |
Military Withdrawal from Politics | |
| |
| |
New Roles for the Armed Forces | |
| |
| |
The Military as the Deciding Factor in the Arab Spring | |
| |
| |
Improving Civil-Military Relationships | |
| |
| |
Conclusion: Democracy and the Military | |
| |
| |
| |
The Political Economy of Third World Development | |
| |
| |
The Role of the State | |
| |
| |
The Command Economy | |
| |
| |
Latin American Statism | |
| |
| |
East Asia's Developmental State | |
| |
| |
The Neoclassical Ideal | |
| |
| |
Finding a Proper Role for the State | |
| |
| |
Industrialization Strategies | |
| |
| |
Import-Substituting Industrialization | |
| |
| |
Export-Oriented Industrialization | |
| |
| |
Growth with Equity | |
| |
| |
Economic Development and the Environment | |
| |
| |
The Costs of Growth | |
| |
| |
Environmental Decay as a Third World Problem | |
| |
| |
Third World Environmental Decay and Global Warming: A Global Problem | |
| |
| |
The Search for Sustainable Development | |
| |
| |
Some Signs of Progress | |
| |
| |
Finding the Right Mix | |
| |
| |
The Effects of Globalization on Developing Nations | |
| |
| |
Conclusion: Democracy and Economic Development | |
| |
| |
Glossary | |
| |
| |
Index | |