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| Preface | |
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| "The Oldest Nation of Europe" | |
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| A Variegated Hexagon | |
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| The Historical Heritage | |
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| The Structure of Eighteenth-Century French Society | |
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| Villages | |
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| Cities | |
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| Nobles | |
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| Clergy | |
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| The Preindustrial Economy | |
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| The Growth of Population | |
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| The Agricultural Economy | |
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| Manufacturing and Commerce | |
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| Culture and Thought in Eighteenth-Century France | |
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| The French Enlightenment | |
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| The Eighteenth-Century Public | |
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| A Government Under Challenge | |
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| The Absolutist System and Its Weaknesses | |
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| The Breakdown of Absolutism, 1750 to 1774 | |
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| The Reign of Louis XVI, 1774-1787 | |
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| France and the European State System | |
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| Collapse of the Old Monarchy | |
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| From Failed Reforms to Revolutionary Crisis | |
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| Meeting of the Estates-General | |
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| The Parliamentary Revolution | |
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| The Storming of the Bastille | |
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| Successes and Failures of the Liberal Revolution | |
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| The "Abolition of Feudalism" and the Declaration of Rights | |
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| The October Days | |
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| A New Political Culture | |
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| The Accomplishments of the National Assembly, 1789 to 1791 | |
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| The Revolution and the Reform of the Church | |
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| The King's Flight and the Crisis of 1791 | |
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| The Radical Revolution | |
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| The Legislative Assembly and the War | |
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| The Revolt Against Slavery | |
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| The Move Toward War | |
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| The Overthrow of the Monarchy | |
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| The Convention and the Republic | |
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| Girondins and Montagnards | |
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| The Dictatorship of the Jacobins | |
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| Revolutionary Culture | |
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| The Great Terror and Thermidor | |
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| The Return to Order | |
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| The Thermidorian Reaction | |
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| The Directory | |
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| The Napoleonic Years | |
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| The Consul and the Consulate | |
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| The Napoleonic Empire | |
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| Elements of Opposition | |
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| The End of the Empire | |
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| The Restoration | |
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| France in 1814 | |
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| The Return of the Bourbons and the Hundred Days | |
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| The Consolidation of Constitutional Monarchy | |
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| Postrevolutionary France | |
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| The Revolution of 1830 | |
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| The July Monarchy and Its Critics | |
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| The Bourgeois Monarchy and Its Foes | |
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| The Regime's Opponents | |
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| Prophetic Voices | |
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| Orl�anist Liberalism | |
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| A New Social World | |
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| The Beginnings of French Industrialization | |
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| Bourgeois Society | |
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| The New Urban World | |
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| Cultural Trends | |
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| The Revolution of 1848: the Crisis of Bourgeois Society | |
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| The February Revolution | |
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| The Provisional Government | |
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| The June Days and the Conservative Republic | |
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| The Troubled Republic | |
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| The Second Empire's Decade of Prosperity | |
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| The Empire's New Clothes | |
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| Haussmann's Rebuilding of Paris | |
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| Foreign Adventures | |
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| The Second Empire in Difficulties | |
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| Domestic Policies in the Empire's Second Decade | |
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| The Cultural Climate | |
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| The Gamble of the Liberal Empire | |
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| The Franco-Prussian War | |
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| The Paris Commune and the Origins of the Third Republic | |
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| The Government of National Defense | |
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| The Uprising of the Commune | |
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| The Conservative Republic | |
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| The Republicans in Power | |
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| French Parliamentary Democracy | |
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| The Ferry Era | |
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| The Social Bases of the Republic | |
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| Economic Depression and Political Crises | |
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| The Late-Nineteenth-Century "Great Depression" | |
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| The Boulanger Affair | |
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| Socialism, Anarchism, and Trade Unions | |
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| Catholics and the Republic | |
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| The Franco-Russian Treaty and the Fashoda Crisis | |
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| The Dreyfus Affair and the Bloc R�publicain | |
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| Dreyfus | |
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| The Bloc R�publicain | |
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| Culture and Society at the Fin de Siecle | |
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| Women in French Society | |
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| The Beginnings of the French Welfare State | |
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| Naturalism, Impressionism, and the Avant-Garde | |
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| Mass Culture | |
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| The Republic's World's Fairs | |
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| An Age of Anxiety | |
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| The Belle �poque | |
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| The Second Industrial Revolution in France | |
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| The Years of Protests | |
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| The Onward March of the Avant-Garde | |
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| The Coming of the War | |
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| Rising Tensions | |
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| The Shock | |
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| The Ordeal of the War | |
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| Crisis, Victory, and Disillusionment | |
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| The End of the Union Sacr�e | |
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| The Home Front | |
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| Clemenceau the "Tiger" | |
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| The Postwar Settlement | |
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| France Between the Wars | |
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| The Domestic Atmosphere | |
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| The Quest for Security | |
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| The Briand Years | |
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| The Illusion of Normality | |
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| Economic Recovery | |
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| Postwar Society and Culture | |
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| The Descent into the Depression | |
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| From the Popular Front to the War | |
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| The Crisis of February 6, 1934 | |
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| The Popular Front | |
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| Responding to the Fascist Threat Abroad | |
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| France Enters Hitler's War | |
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| France in the Second World War | |
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| The Debacle | |
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| The Vichy Regime | |
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| The Politics of Collaboration | |
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| The Road to Liberation | |
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| Daily Life During the War | |
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| The Resistance and Charles de Gaulle | |
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| Liberation | |
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| The Revival of the Parliamentary Republic | |
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| The Provisional Government | |
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| The Turning Points of 1947 | |
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| From the Fourth to the Fifth Republic | |
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| The Algerian War | |
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| De Gaulle's Republic | |
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| Algeria and Decolonization | |
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| Politics and Economy in De Gaulle's Republic | |
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| De Gaulle's Grand Design | |
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| Strong Government and Economic Development | |
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| Politics in the Gaullist Republic | |
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| Society and Culture During the "Thirty Glorious Years" | |
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| The Renewal of the Church | |
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| A Social Transformation | |
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| May 1968 and the End of the Gaullist Era | |
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| The Events of May 1968 | |
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| The Pompidou Presidency | |
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| Giscard D'Estaing's "Advanced Liberal Society" | |
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| France and the World Economic Crisis | |
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| The Intellectual Climate of the "Apr�s-Mai" | |
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| The Mitterrand Years | |
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| The Elections of 1981 | |
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| The "U-Turn" of 1983 | |
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| A Multiethnic France | |
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| France Enters the New Millennium | |
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| Politics after Mitterrand | |
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| France, America, and Globalization | |
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| Domestic Issues in the New Millennium | |
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| A New Period of Crisis | |
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| From Chirac to Sarkozy | |
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| France and the World Economic Crisis | |
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| Appendix: For Further Reading | |
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| Index | |