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| Brief Table of Contents | |
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| Religious Responses | |
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| Indigenous Sacred Ways | |
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| Hinduism | |
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| Jainism | |
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| Buddhism | |
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| Daoism and Confucianism | |
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| Shinto | |
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| Judaism | |
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| Christianity | |
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| Islam | |
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| Sikhism | |
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| New Religious Movements | |
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| Religion in the Twenty-First Century | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Index | |
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| Timeline | |
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| Complete Table of Contents | |
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| Preface | |
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| Teaching and learning resources | |
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| MAP Religions of the World Today | |
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| Timeline | |
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| Religious Responses | |
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| Why are there religions? | |
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| Materialistic perspective: humans invented religion | |
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| Functional perspective: religion is useful | |
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| Belief perspective: Ultimate Reality exists | |
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| Understandings of Sacred Reality | |
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| EXCLUSIVISM VS. UNIVERSALISM A letter from I. H. Azad Faruqi | |
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| Ritual, symbol, and myth | |
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| TEACHING STORY Descendants of the Eagle | |
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| Absolutist and liberal interpretations | |
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| BOX Angels Weep | |
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| The encounter between science and religion | |
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| RELIGION IN PRACTICE When Science Approaches Religion | |
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| Women in religions | |
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| Negative aspects of organized religions | |
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| Suggested reading | |
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| Key terms | |
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| Review questions | |
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| Discussion questions | |
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| MyReligionLab | |
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| Indigenous Sacred Ways | |
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| Understanding indigenous sacred ways | |
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| MAP Distribution of Indigenous Groups | |
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| Cultural diversity | |
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| The circle of right relationships | |
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| Relationships with spirit | |
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| YORUBA TEACHING STORY Osun and the Power of Woman | |
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| Kinship with all creation | |
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| Relationships with power | |
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| Spiritual specialists | |
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| Storytellers and other sacred roles | |
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| Mystical intermediaries | |
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| LIVING INDIGENOUS SACRED WAYS An Interview with Nadezhda Ananyevna Stepanova | |
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| Group observances | |
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| RELIGION IN PRACTICE the Sun Dance Way of Self-Sacrifice | |
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| Individual observances | |
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| Contemporary issues | |
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| RELIGION IN PRACTICE the Orang Asli of Malaysia: Traditions being Lost | |
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| RELIGION IN PUBLIC LIFE Winona LaDuke | |
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| Suggested reading | |
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| Key terms | |
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| Review questions | |
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| Discussion questions | |
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| MyReligionLab | |
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| Hinduism | |
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| Philosophical and metaphysical origins | |
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| The Indus Valley Civilization | |
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| MAP the Indian Subcontinent | |
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| TIMELINE Hinduism | |
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| The Vedas | |
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| Major philosophical systems | |
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| Samkhya | |
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| Advaita Vedanta | |
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| Yoga | |
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| Religious foundations and theistic paths | |
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| Shaktas | |
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| Shaivites | |
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| Vaishnavites | |
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| The epics and Puranas | |
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| TEACHING STORY Hanuman, the Monkey Chief | |
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| The Hindu way of life | |
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| Rituals | |
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| Castes, duties, and life goals | |
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| Life stages | |
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| RELIGION IN PRACTICE Sacred Thread Ceremony | |
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| The guru | |
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| Women's duties | |
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| Fasts, prayers, and auspicious designs | |
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| Reverence of trees and rivers | |
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| LIVING HINDUISM An Interview with Somjit Dasgupta | |
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| Pilgrimages | |
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| Festivals | |
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| RELIGION IN PRACTICE Holi | |
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| Hinduism in the modern world | |
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| Modern movements | |
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| Global Hinduism | |
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| RELIGION IN PRACTICE Dharmic Principles: The Swadhyaya Movement | |
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| RELIGION IN PUBLIC LIFE Dr. Karan Singh | |
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| Hindu identity | |
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| Suggested reading | |
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| Key terms | |
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| Review questions | |
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| Discussion questions | |
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| MyReligionLab | |
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| Jainism | |
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| The Tirthankaras and ascetic orders | |
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| Freeing the soul: the ethical pillars | |
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| Karma | |
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| TEACHING STORY the Story of Bahubali | |
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| Ahimsa | |
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| RELIGION IN PRACTICE Jain Purification | |
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| Aparigraha | |
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| Anekantwad | |
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| Spiritual practices | |
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| Festivals and pilgrimages | |
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| LIVING JAINISM An Interview with M. P. Jain | |
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| World Jainism | |
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| Suggested reading | |
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| Key terms | |
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| Review questions | |
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| Discussion questions | |
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| MyReligionLab | |
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| Buddhism | |
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| The life and legend of the Buddha | |
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| TIMELINE Buddhism | |
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| The Dharma | |
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| The Four Noble Truths | |
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| The Noble Eightfold Path to liberation | |
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| The wheel of birth and death | |
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| TEACHING STORY the Great Ape Jataka Tale | |
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| Nirvana | |
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| Branches of Buddhism | |
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| MAP the Spread of Buddhism | |
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| Theravada: the path of mindfulness | |
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| Mahayana: the path of compassion and wisdom | |
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| MAP Distribution of Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism | |
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| Chan and Zen: the great way of enlightenment | |
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| CHART Major Branches of Buddhism | |
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| RELIGION IN PRACTICE Zen Oxherding Pictures | |
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| Pure Land: devotion to Amitabha Buddha | |
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| Nichiren: salvation through the Lotus Sutra | |
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| Vajrayana: the indestructible path | |
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| RELIGION IN PUBLIC LIFE His Holiness the Dalai Lama | |
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| Festivals | |
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| Buddhism in the West | |
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| RELIGION IN PRACTICE Life in a Western Zen Monastery | |
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| LIVING BUDDHISM An Interview with Karma Lekshe Tsomo | |
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| Socially engaged Buddhism | |
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| Suggested reading | |
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| Key terms | |
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| Review questions | |
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| Discussion questions | |
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| MyReligionLab | |
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| Daoism and Confucianism | |
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| Ancient traditions | |
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| Worship and divination | |
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| MAP Historic Sites of Daoism and Confucianism | |
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| Cosmic balance | |
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| TIMELINE Daoism and Confucianism | |
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| Daoism the way of nature and immortality | |
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| Teaching of Daoist sages | |
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| TEACHING STORY Three in the Morning | |
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| Popular religion and organized Daoism | |
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| Inner alchemy | |
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| Daoist sects | |
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| RELIGION IN PRACTICE the Lantern Festival | |
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| Daoism today | |
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| Confucianism the practice of virtue | |
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| Master Kong's life | |
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| The Confucian virtues | |
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| Divergent followers of Confucius | |
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| The state cult | |
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| Neo-Confucianism | |
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| Confucianism under communism | |
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| LIVING CONFUCIANISM An Interview with Ann-ping Chin | |
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| Confucianism in East Asia | |
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| Suggested reading | |
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| Key terms | |
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| Review questions | |
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| Discussion questions | |
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| MyReligionLab | |
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| Shinto | |
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| The roots of "Shinto" | |
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| Kinship with nature | |
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| Honoring the kami | |
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| Shrines | |
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| MAP Major Shinto Shrines | |
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| TEACHING STORY Amaterasu comes out of the cave | |
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| Ceremonies and festivals | |
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| Purification | |
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| RELIGION IN PRACTICE Purification by Waterfall | |
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| Buddhist and Confucian influences | |
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| State Shinto | |
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| "Sect Shinto" | |
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| Shinto today | |
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| LIVING SHINTO An Interview with Hitoshi Iwasaki | |
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| Suggested reading | |
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| Key terms | |
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| Review questions | |
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| Discussion questions | |
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| MyReligionLab | |
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| Zoroastrianism | |
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| Judaism | |
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| A history of the Jewish people | |
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| TIMELINE Judaism | |
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| Biblical stories | |
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| MAP the Early Israelites | |
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| TEACHING STORY Abraham's Willingness to Sacrifice Isaac | |
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| BOX the Ten Commandments | |
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| Return to Jerusalem | |
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| Rabbinic Judaism | |
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| Judaism in the Middle Ages | |
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| Kabbalah and Hasidism | |
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| Judaism and modernity | |
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| The Holocaust | |
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| MAP Jewish Populations and the Holocaust | |
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| Zionism and contemporary Israel | |
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| Torah | |
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| The one God | |
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| Love for God | |
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| The sacredness of human life | |
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| Law | |
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| LIVING JUDAISM An Interview with Eli Epstein | |
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| Suffering and faith | |
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| Sacred practices | |
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| Holy days | |
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| RELIGION IN PRACTICE Passover Innovations | |
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| Contemporary Judaism | |
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| Major branches today | |
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| CHART Major Branches of Judaism Today | |
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| RELIGION IN PUBLIC LIFE Rabbi David Saperstein | |
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| Jewish feminism | |
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| Jewish renewal | |
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| Suggested reading | |
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| Key terms | |
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| Review questions | |
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| Discussion questions | |
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| MyReligionLab | |
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| Christianity | |
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| Historical evidence | |
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| Evidence of the Bible | |
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| The life and teachings of Jesus | |
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| Birth | |
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| Preparation | |
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| Ministry | |
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| MAP Jesus' Ministry | |
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| LIVING CHRISTIANITY An Interview with David Vandiver | |
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| TEACHING STORY the Good Samaritan | |
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| Challenges to the authorities | |
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| TIMELINE Christianity | |
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| Crucifixion | |
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| Resurrection and Ascension | |
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| BOX Books of the New Testament | |
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| The early Church | |
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| From persecution to empire | |
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| MAP St. Paul's Missionary Journeys | |
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| Evolving organization and theology | |
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| Early monasticism | |
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| Church administration | |
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| MAP Distribution of Christians Today | |
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| East���West division | |
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| Social chaos and the papacy | |
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| Intellectual revival and monasticism | |
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| Medieval mysticism | |
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| RELIGION IN PRACTICE Russian Orthodox Kenoticism | |
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| The Protestant Reformation | |
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| CHART Major Divisions of Christianity Today | |
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| The Roman Catholic Reformation | |
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| Liberal trends | |
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| The Second Vatican Council | |
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| The Orthodox world today | |
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| BOX Eastern Orthodox Church | |
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| The Russian Orthodox Church | |
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| Distinctive features of Orthodox spirituality | |
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| Central beliefs in contemporary Christianity | |
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| Sacred practices | |
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| Worship services and sacraments | |
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| The liturgical year | |
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| Contemplative prayer | |
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| Devotion to Mary | |
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| Veneration of saints and angels | |
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| Contemporary trends | |
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| Evangelicalism | |
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| Spirit-oriented movements | |
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| The great reversal | |
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| Liberation theology | |
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| RELIGION IN PUBLIC LIFE Archbishop Desmond M. Tutu | |
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| Feminist theology | |
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| Creation-centered Christianity | |
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| Ecumenical movement | |
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| Suggested reading | |
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| Key terms | |
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| Review questions | |
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| Discussion questions | |
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| MyReligionLab | |
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| Islam | |
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| Pre-Islamic Arabia | |
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| TIMELINE Islam | |
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| The Prophet Muhammad | |
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| The Qur'an | |
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| The central teachings | |
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| The Oneness of God and of humanity | |
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| Prophethood and the compass of Islam | |
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| Human relationship to the divine | |
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| The unseen life | |
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| The Last Judgment | |
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| The Five Pillars | |
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| Belief and witness | |
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| Daily prayers | |
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| RELIGION IN PRACTICE Salaat | |
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| Zakat | |
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| Fasting | |
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| Hajj | |
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| LIVING ISLAM An Interview with Dr. Syed M. Hussain | |
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| Sunni and Shi'a | |
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| Sunnis | |
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| Shi'a | |
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| Sufism | |
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| The spread of Islam | |
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| MAP the spread of Islam | |
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| TEACHING STORY Transformation by Islam | |
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| Islamic culture | |
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| Eastward expansion | |
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| Relationships with the West | |
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| Islam in the West | |
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| Muslim resurgence | |
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| Tradition and modern life | |
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| Outreach and education | |
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| RELIGION IN PUBLIC LIFE Shirin Ebadi | |
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| Islam in politics | |
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| Islam for the future | |
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| Suggested reading | |
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| Key terms | |
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| Review questions | |
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| Discussion questions | |
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| MyReligionLab | |
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| Sikhism | |
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| The sant tradition | |
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| Guru Nanak | |
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| TIMELINE Sikhism | |
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| The succession of Gurus | |
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| TEACHING STORY Guru Arjun Dev's Devotion | |
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| Central beliefs | |
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| LIVING SIKHISM An Interview with Inderpreet Kaur | |
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| Sacred practices | |
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| RELIGION IN PUBLIC LIFE His Holiness Baba Virsa Singh | |
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| Sikhism today | |
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| RELIGION IN PRACTICE Amrit Ceremony on Baisakhi | |
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| MAP the Punjab | |
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| Suggested reading | |
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| Key terms | |
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| Review questions | |
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| Discussion questions | |
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| MyReligionLab | |
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| New Religious Movements | |
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| Social context of new religious movements | |
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| Charismatic leadership | |
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| Unification Movement | |
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| Sathya Sai Baba | |
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| Offshoots of older religions | |
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| Mormon Church | |
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| Jehovah's Witnesses | |
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| Radhasoami | |
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| LIVING TRANSCENDENTAL MEDITATION An Interview with Wolfgang Hecker | |
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| Combinations of older religions | |
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| Caodaism | |
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| African-inspired syncretic religions | |
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| Theosophical Society | |
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| Baha'i | |
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| RELIGION IN PRACTICE the Baha'i Model for | |
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| Governance of the World | |
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| Social trends | |
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| Ethnic identity: Rastafari | |
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| Nature spirituality | |
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| New Age spirituality | |
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| Opposition to new religious movements | |
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| Will new religious movements last? | |
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| Suggested reading | |
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| Key terms | |
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| Review questions | |
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| Discussion questions | |
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| MyReligionLab | |
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| Religion in the Twenty-First Century | |
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| Globalization | |
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| Secularism | |
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| Religious pluralism | |
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| Hardening of religious boundaries | |
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| Religion after 11 September | |
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| Religion in politics | |
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| RELIGION IN PRACTICE Excerpts from Obama's Historic Cairo Speech | |
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| Interfaith movement | |
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| Responses to other faiths | |
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| Interfaith initiatives | |
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| Religion and social issues | |
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| RELIGION IN PUBLIC LIFE Jimmy Carter | |
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| Religion and materialism | |
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| Religion and the future of humanity | |
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| Suggested reading | |
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| Key terms | |
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| Review questions | |
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| Discussion questions | |
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| MyReligionLab | |
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| Notes | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Index | |
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| Credits | |