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Logic and Language | |
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Reasoning | |
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Basic Logical Concepts | |
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What Logic Is | |
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Propositions and Arguments | |
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Recognizing Arguments | |
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Arguments and Explanations | |
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Deductive and Inductive Arguments | |
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Validity and Truth | |
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Analyzing Arguments | |
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Paraphrasing Arguments | |
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Diagramming Arguments | |
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Complex Argumentative Passages | |
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Problems in Reasoning | |
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Informal Logic | |
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Language and Definitions | |
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Language Functions | |
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Emotive Language, Neutral Language, and Disputes | |
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Disputes and Ambiguity | |
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Definitions and Their Uses | |
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The Structure of Definitions: Extension and Intension | |
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Definition by Genus and Difference | |
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Fallacies | |
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What Is a Fallacy? | |
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Classification of Fallacies | |
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Fallacies of Relevance | |
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Fallacies of Defective Induction | |
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Fallacies of Presumption | |
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Fallacies of Ambiguity | |
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Deduction | |
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Classical Logic | |
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Categorical Propositions | |
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The Theory of Deduction | |
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Classes and Categorical Propositions | |
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The Four Kinds of Categorical Propositions | |
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Quality, Quantity, and Distributions | |
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The Traditional Square of Opposition | |
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Further Immediate Inferences | |
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Existential Import and the Interpretation of Categorical Propositions | |
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Symbolism and Diagrams for Categorical Propositions | |
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Categorical Syllogisms | |
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Standard-Form Categorical Syllogisms | |
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The Formal Nature of Syllogistic Argument | |
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Venn Diagram Technique for Testing Syllogisms | |
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Syllogistic Rules and Syllogistic Fallacies | |
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Exposition of the Fifteen Valid Forms of the Categorical Syllogism | |
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Appendix:Deduction of the Fifteen Valid Forms of the Categorical Syllogism | |
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Syllogisms in Ordinary Language | |
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Syllogistic Arguments | |
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Reducing the Number of Terms to Three | |
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Translating Categorical Propositions into Standard Form | |
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Uniform Translation | |
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Enthymemes | |
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Sorites | |
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Disjunctive and Hypothetical Syllogisms | |
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The Dilemma | |
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Modern Logic | |
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Symbolic Logic | |
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Modern Logic and Its Symbolic Language | |
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The Symbols for Conjunction, Negation, and Disjunction | |
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Conditional Statements and Material Implication | |
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Argument Forms and Refutation by Logical Analogy | |
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The Precise Meaning of �Invalid� and �Valid� | |
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The Three �Laws of Thought� | |
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Methods of Deduction | |
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Quantification Theory | |
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Induction | |
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Analogy And Causation | |
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Analogical Reasoning | |
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Causal Reasoning | |
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Science and Probability | |
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Science and Hypothesis | |
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Probability | |