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| Preface | |
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| About the Authors | |
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| Becoming Modern in Europe and America: Different History, Different Politics | |
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| How Do We Know that Europe Is Different? | |
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| Explaining Differences: The Impact of History, Geography, and Culture | |
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| Structure of the Book | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Notes | |
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| Political Parties | |
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| Political Parties-The "Children of Democracy" | |
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| Functions of Political Parties | |
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| Differences between Political Parties and Interest Groups | |
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| Socialists | |
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| Liberals | |
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| Conservatives | |
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| Christian Democrats | |
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| New Radical Right | |
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| Greens | |
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| Regional Parties | |
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| A Multidimensional Political Space | |
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| Membership in Political Parties | |
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| Stability and Change of Parties and Party Systems | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Notes | |
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| Parliaments: How They Are Elected and How They Work | |
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| Winner-Take-All: Great Britain | |
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| Party List Proportional Representation: The Netherlands | |
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| Personalized Proportional Representation: Switzerland, Ireland, and Germany | |
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| Switzerland | |
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| Ireland | |
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| Germany | |
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| Changing the Electoral System: France and Italy | |
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| France | |
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| Italy | |
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| Voter Turnout | |
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| Legislative Behavior | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Notes | |
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| Cabinet Formation and Heads of State | |
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| Single-Party Majority Cabinets | |
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| Minimal-Winning Cabinets | |
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| Oversized Cabinets | |
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| Minority Cabinets | |
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| Cabinet Instability | |
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| Semipresidential Systems | |
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| Advantages and Disadvantages of Parliamentary and Presidential Systems | |
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| Advantages and Disadvantages of Presidentialism | |
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| Advantages and Disadvantages of Parliamentarism | |
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| Heads of State | |
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| Monarchial Head of State | |
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| Civilian Heads of State | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Notes | |
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| Courts | |
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| Great Britain | |
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| Switzerland | |
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| Germany | |
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| France | |
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| Hungary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Notes | |
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| Federalism and Referenda | |
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| Switzerland: Prototypical Case of a Federalist Country with a Strong Referendum | |
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| European Trend toward Federalism and Referenda | |
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| Arguments against Federalism and Referenda | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Notes | |
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| Social Movements | |
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| Environmental Movement | |
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| Peace, Third-World, and Antiglobalization Movements | |
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| Women's Movement | |
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| The Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) Movement | |
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| Youth Movement | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Notes | |
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| The State and Economic Interest Groups | |
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| The State as a Political Actor | |
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| Economic Interest Groups | |
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| Pluralism and Corporatism | |
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| The Theory of Corporatism | |
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| The Future of Corporatism | |
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| Comparing European and American Responses to the Great Meltdown of 2008 | |
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| The Paternalist Role of the State | |
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| Attitudes toward Risk | |
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| Class Consciousness | |
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| Civil Service in Europe | |
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| Family, History Matters | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Notes | |
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| Policy Outcomes | |
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| Explaining Variation in Poverty Rates | |
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| Explaining Further Policy Outcomes | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Notes | |
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| The End of the Cold War | |
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| Classical Marxism | |
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| Neo-Marxism | |
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| Communism in Central and Eastern Europe | |
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| Poland | |
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| Hungary | |
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| East Germany | |
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| Communism in Western Europe | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Notes | |
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| Transitions to Democracy | |
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| The Federal Republic of Germany After 1945 | |
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| Italy After 1945 | |
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| Spain After 1975 | |
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| Hungary After 1989 | |
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| Poland After 1989 | |
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| Ukraine in 2004 | |
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| Explanations | |
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| Russia | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Notes | |
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| Nationalism and Ethnicity | |
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| War in Former Yugoslavia | |
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| Northern Ireland | |
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| Basque Country | |
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| Immigration | |
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| Sports Events | |
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| More Benign Aspects | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Notes | |
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| Power Sharing in Deeply Divided Societies | |
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| Development of the Theory of Power Sharing | |
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| Critique of the Theory of Power Sharing | |
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| Northern Ireland | |
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| Former Czechoslovakia | |
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| Former Yugoslavia | |
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| Power Sharing and Deliberation | |
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| Normative Evaluation of Power Sharing | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Notes | |
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| The European Union | |
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| History of European Integration | |
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| Council of Ministers | |
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| European Council | |
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| European Commission | |
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| European Parliament | |
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| European Court of Justice | |
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| European Bureaucracy | |
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| What Does the European Union Do? | |
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| Agricultural Policy | |
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| Regional and Development Policy | |
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| Common Currency-the Euro | |
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| Continued Expansion: Where Does "Europe" End? | |
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| Turkey's EU Membership Prospects | |
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| A Constitution for Europe? "Non" and "Nee" | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Notes | |
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| Globalization and European Democracies | |
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| What Is Globalization? | |
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| How Should Globalization Be Measured? | |
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| The Challenges of Globalization for European Democracies | |
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| The Welfare State and Globalization | |
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| Immigration and Globalization | |
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| Globalization and the Fragility of Community | |
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| Is Globalization a Threat or an Opportunity for European Democracies? | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Notes | |
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| Index | |