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| Finding Your Voice | |
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| What Public Speaking Has to Offer | |
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| Practical Benefits | |
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| Personal Growth Benefits | |
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| Introduction to Communication | |
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| What This Course Asks of You | |
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| Respect for the Integrity of Ideas and Information | |
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| A Concern for Consequences | |
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| Final Reflections: the Fate of Public Discourse | |
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| Managing Your Fear of Speaking | |
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| Understanding Communication Anxiety | |
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| Managing Communication Anxiety | |
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| Reality Testing | |
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| Selective Relaxation | |
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| Attitude Adjustments | |
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| Cognitive Restructuring | |
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| Visualization | |
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| Putting it all Together | |
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| Final Reflections: Victory Over Fear | |
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| Your First Speech: An Overview of Speech Preparation | |
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| Managing the Impressions You Make | |
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| Competence | |
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| Integrity | |
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| Goodwill | |
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| Dynamism | |
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| Planning Your First Speech | |
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| Find the Right Topic | |
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| Focus Your Topic | |
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| Find Material for Your Speech | |
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| Design Your Speech | |
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| Outline Your Speech | |
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| Practice Your Presentation | |
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| Make Your Presentation | |
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| Introducing Yourself or a Classmate: An Application | |
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| Final Reflections: Exploration Through Preparation | |
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| Becoming a Better Listener | |
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| The Benefits of Effective Listening | |
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| Listening in the Workplace | |
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| Listening in the Classroom | |
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| The Process of Listening | |
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| Threshold Listening | |
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| Critical Listening | |
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| Empathic Listening | |
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| Constructive Listening | |
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| Effective Listening Behaviors | |
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| Overcoming External Barriers | |
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| Overcoming Internal Barriers | |
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| Becoming a Critical Listener | |
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| Do Speakers Support Their Claims? | |
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| Do Speakers Rely on Credible Sources? | |
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| Do Speakers Use Words to Reveal or Befuddle? | |
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| What Strategies Do Speakers Use? | |
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| Evaluating Classroom Speeches | |
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| You as a Constructive Listener | |
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| You as a Critical Listener | |
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| Ethical Responsibilities of a Listener | |
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| Final Reflections: the Golden Rule of Listening | |
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| Preparation for Public Speaking | |
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| Adapting to Your Audience and Situation | |
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| Why Audience Analysis is Important | |
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| Understanding Audience Demographics | |
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| Age | |
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| Gender | |
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| Educational Level | |
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| Group Affiliations | |
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| Understanding Audience Dynamics | |
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| Attitudes, Beliefs and Values | |
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| Gathering Information about Attitudes | |
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| Motivation | |
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| Meeting the Challenges of Audiences Diversity | |
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| Apply Universal Values | |
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| Use Speaking Resources Skillfully | |
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| Avoid Language Pitfalls | |
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| Avoid Rhetorical Land Mines | |
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| Adjusting to the Communication Situation | |
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| Time | |
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| Place | |
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| Occasion | |
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| Size of Audience | |
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| Context | |
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| Final Reflections: Keeping Your Audience in Mind | |
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| Developing Your Topic | |
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| What is a Good Topic? | |
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| A Good Topic Helps You Find Your Voice | |
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| A Good Topic Involves Your Listeners | |
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| A Good Topic Is One You Can Manage | |
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| Discovering Your Topic Area | |
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| Brainstorming | |
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| Interest Charts | |
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| Media Prompts | |
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| Exploring Your Topic Area | |
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| Mind Mapping | |
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| Topic Analysis | |
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| Selecting Your Topic | |
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| Refining Your Topic | |
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| General Purpose | |
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| Specific Purpose | |
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| Thesis Statement | |
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| An Overview of the Topic Selection Process | |
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| Final Reflections: the Great Chain of Communication | |
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| Building Responsible Knowledge | |
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| Developing a Research Strategy | |
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| Prepare an Overview | |
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| Build a Bibliography | |
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| Acquire In-Depth Knowledge | |
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| Be Sure Your Information is Up-to-Date | |
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| Include Local Applications | |
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| Acquiring Responsible Knowledge | |
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| Drawing on Personal Knowledge and Experience | |
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| Doing Research in the Library | |
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| Doing Research on the Internet | |
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| Evaluating Research Materials | |
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| Evaluating Material from Library Resources | |
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| Evaluating Material from the Internet | |
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| Interviewing for Information | |
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| Establish Contact | |
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| Prepare for the Interview | |
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| Conduct the Interview | |
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| Record What You Learn | |
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| Taking Notes on Your Research | |
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| Preparing Source and Information Cards | |
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| Taking Notes on Your Computer | |
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| Know What Information to Record | |
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| Final Reflections: Your Substantive Voice | |
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| Supporting Your Ideas | |
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| Facts and Statistics | |
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| Framing Facts | |
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| Developing Statistics | |
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| Constructing Facts and Figures | |
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| Testing Facts and Figures | |
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| Testimony | |
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| Framing Expert Testimony | |
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| Developing Lay Testimony | |
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| Constructing Prestige Testimony | |
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| Designing Testimony: Other Considerations | |
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| Examples | |
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| Types of Examples | |
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| Fashioning Powerful Examples | |
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| Testing Your Examples | |
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| Narratives | |
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| Types of Narratives | |
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| Building Narratives | |
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| Testing Your Story | |
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| Selecting and Combining Supporting Materials | |
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| Final Reflections: Developing a Strong Voice | |
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| Structuring and Outlining Your Speech | |
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| Principles of a Well-Structured Speech | |
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| Simplicity | |
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| Order | |
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| Balance | |
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| Structuring the Body of Your Speech | |
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| Selecting Your Main Points | |
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| Arranging Your Main Points | |
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| Developing Your Main Points | |
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| Developing a Working Outline | |
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| Adding Transitions | |
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| Introducing and Concluding Your Speech | |
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| Introducing Your Speech | |
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| Concluding Your Speech | |
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| Selecting and Using Introductory and Concluding Techniques | |
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| Preparing Your Formal Outline | |
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| Final Reflections: Value of the Twin Disciplines | |
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| Developing Presentation Skills | |
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| Developing Presentation Aids | |
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| The Advantages and Disadvantages of Presentation Aids | |
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| Advantages of Presentation Aids | |
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| Disadvantages of Presentation Aids | |
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| Types of Presentation Aids | |
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| People | |
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| Objects and Models | |
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| Graphics | |
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| Pictures | |
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| Presentation Media | |
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| Traditional Media | |
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| New Media | |
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| Preparing Presentation Aids | |
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| Principles of Design | |
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| Principles of Color | |
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| Making Presentation Aids | |
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| Using Presentation Aids | |
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| Ethical Considerations for Using Presentation Aids | |
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| Final Reflections: Amplifying Your Voice | |
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| Putting Words to Work | |
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| What Words Can Do | |
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| What Makes the Spoken Word Special | |
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| Shaping Perceptions | |
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| Arousing Feelings | |
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| Bringing Listeners Together | |
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| Prompting Listeners to Take Action | |
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| Celebrating Shared Values | |
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| The Six C's of Language Use | |
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| Clarity | |
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| Color | |
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| Concreteness | |
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| Correctness | |
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| Conciseness | |
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| Cultural Sensitivity | |
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| Magnifying the Power of Language | |
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| Using Figurative Language | |
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| Changing the Order of Words | |
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| Using the Sounds of Words to Reinforce Their Sense | |
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| Final Reflections: Give Me the Right Word | |
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| Presenting Your Speech | |
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| The Power of Presentation | |
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| Developing Your Physical Voice | |
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| Pitch | |
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| Rate | |
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| Loudness | |
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| Variety | |
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| Vocal Problems | |
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| Developing Your Body Language | |
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| Facial Expression and Eye Contact | |
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| Movement and Gestures | |
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| Personal Appearance | |
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| Developing Versatility in Presentation | |
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| Impromptu Speaking | |
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| Memorized Text Presentation | |
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| Reading from a Manuscript | |
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| Extemporaneous Speaking | |
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| Developing Flexibility in Special Situations | |
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| Handling Questions and Answers | |
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| Making Video Presentations | |
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| Practicing for Presentation | |
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| Final Reflections: Taking the Stage | |
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| Types of Public Speaking | |
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| Informative Speaking | |
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| Informative Speaking: An Orientation | |
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| Forms of Informative Speeches | |
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| Speeches of Description | |
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| Speeches of Demonstration | |
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| Speeches of Explanation | |
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| Helping Listeners Learn | |
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| Motivating Audiences to Listen | |
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| Maintaining Audience Attention | |
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| Promoting Audience Retention | |
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| Speech Designs | |
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| Categorical Design | |
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| Comparative Design | |
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| Spatial Design | |
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| Sequential Design | |
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| Chronological Design | |
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| Causation Design | |
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| Rising to the Challenge of the Informative Speech | |
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| Briefings: An Application | |
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| Final Reflections: the Informed Voice | |
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| Persuasive Speaking | |
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| The Nature of Persuasive Speaking | |
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| The Types of Persuasive Speaking | |
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| Speeches That Focus on Facts | |
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| Speeches That Address Attitudes, Beliefs, and Values | |
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| Speeches That Advocate Action | |
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| The Persuasive Process | |
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| Awareness | |
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| Understanding | |
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| Agreement | |
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| Enactment | |
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| Integration | |
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| The Challenges of Persuasive Speaking | |
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| Enticing a Reluctant Audience to Listen | |
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| Removing Barriers to Commitment | |
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| Moving from Attitude to Action | |
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| The Challenge of Ethical Persuasion | |
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| Designs for Persuasive Speeches | |
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| Problem-Solution Design | |
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| Motivated Sequence Design | |
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| Refutative Design | |
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| Design Combinations | |
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| Final Reflections: the Case for Persuasion | |
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| Building Sound Arguments | |
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| Reasoned Persuasion | |
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| Building Evidence | |
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| Developing Proofs | |
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| The Master Form of Proof | |
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| Definitions of Central Concepts | |
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| Reasoning from Principle | |
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| Reasoning from Reality | |
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| Reasoning from Parallel Cases | |
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| Avoiding Defective Persuasion | |
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| Defective Evidence | |
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| Defective Proof | |
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| Defective Patterns of Reasoning | |
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| Fallacies Related to Particular Design | |
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| Final Reflections: Persuasion That Has Legs | |
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| Ceremonial Speaking | |
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| Techniques of Ceremonial Speaking | |
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| Identification | |
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| Magnification | |
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| Types of Ceremonial Speeches | |
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| The Speech of Tribute | |
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| The Acceptance Speech | |
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| The Speech of Introduction | |
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| The Speech of Inspiration | |
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| The After-Dinner Speech | |
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| Master of Ceremonies | |
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| Narrative Design | |
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| Prologue | |
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| Plot | |
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| Epilogue | |
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| Final Reflections: and in Conclusion Let Us Say | |
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| Communicating in Small Groups | |
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| Speeches for Analysis | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| Index | |