| |
| |
Foreword | |
| |
| |
Preface | |
| |
| |
Introduction: Women's Movements in America | |
| |
| |
An Overview of Women's Rights Movement Activity | |
| |
| |
The Early Woman's Movement (1848-1875) | |
| |
| |
The Suffrage Movement (1890-1925) | |
| |
| |
The Women's Rights Movement (1966-1982) | |
| |
| |
Radical Feminists | |
| |
| |
Mainstream Feminists | |
| |
| |
Feminism Today | |
| |
| |
| |
Political Rights and Realities | |
| |
| |
| |
The Struggle for Political Rights | |
| |
| |
The Woman's Rights Movement and the Ballot | |
| |
| |
The Civil War Amendments | |
| |
| |
New Groups Founded | |
| |
| |
Profiles in Leadership | |
| |
| |
| |
Woman Suffrage and the Fourteenth Amendment | |
| |
| |
Litigating for the Franchise | |
| |
| |
Toward a Constitutional Amendment | |
| |
| |
The Antisuffrage Movement | |
| |
| |
The Suffrage Movement: The Quest for the Vote Continues | |
| |
| |
Constituent Groups | |
| |
| |
Educated Suffrage | |
| |
| |
Suffrage Flounders | |
| |
| |
Toward a National Amendment | |
| |
| |
A Winning Plan | |
| |
| |
Suffrage Not Enough-The Beginning of the End | |
| |
| |
The NWP and the Equal Rights Amendment | |
| |
| |
The Drive for Women's Political Rights | |
| |
| |
The President's Commission on the Status of Women and NOW | |
| |
| |
The Ratification Effort | |
| |
| |
ERA-The First Stage (1972-1977) | |
| |
| |
ERA-The Second Stage (1977-1979) | |
| |
| |
ERA-The Third Stage (1979-1982) | |
| |
| |
The Aftermath of the ERA Ratification Effort: Women's Groups Mobilize for Expanded Political Opportunities | |
| |
| |
Women and Politics Madam President: When Will a Woman Win the White House? | |
| |
| |
GLOBAL AWARENESS Few Women Head World Governments | |
| |
| |
The National Women's Political Caucus (NWPC) | |
| |
| |
The Feminist Majority Foundation | |
| |
| |
The League of Women Voters | |
| |
| |
The American Association of University Women | |
| |
| |
The National Organization for Women | |
| |
| |
Women's PACs | |
| |
| |
NOW/PAC and NOW Equality PAC | |
| |
| |
EMILY's List | |
| |
| |
The WISH List | |
| |
| |
| |
Women's Political Participation | |
| |
| |
Cultural Attitudes About the Political Participation of Women | |
| |
| |
The Impact of the Women's Rights Movement on Political Rights and Political Participation | |
| |
| |
Political Socialization | |
| |
| |
Political Interest and Knowledge | |
| |
| |
Political Efficacy | |
| |
| |
Political Participation | |
| |
| |
Voter Turnout | |
| |
| |
Issue Positions | |
| |
| |
Party Identification | |
| |
| |
Voting Patterns | |
| |
| |
Political Activism | |
| |
| |
Lobbying and Community Involvement | |
| |
| |
Campaign and Party Work | |
| |
| |
Office Holding | |
| |
| |
Women in Congress | |
| |
| |
Women in State Legislatures and Statewide Elective Office | |
| |
| |
Women and Politics Virginia's "Farm Team": Inspiring Women from the Ground Up | |
| |
| |
Women in Local Elective Office | |
| |
| |
Barriers to Women in Elected and Appointed Positions | |
| |
| |
Stereotypes | |
| |
| |
Media Bias | |
| |
| |
Career Choice and Ambition | |
| |
| |
Family Demands | |
| |
| |
Sex Discrimination | |
| |
| |
The Political System | |
| |
| |
Campaign Finance | |
| |
| |
Party Organization | |
| |
| |
Electoral Systems | |
| |
| |
Incumbency | |
| |
| |
Global Awareness Women in National Parliaments, 2009 | |
| |
| |
Problems Faced by Women in Elected Positions | |
| |
| |
Impact of Women in Elected Positions | |
| |
| |
Women Legislators at the State and Local Level | |
| |
| |
Women in Congress | |
| |
| |
Problems Faced by Women in Appointed Positions | |
| |
| |
The Executive Branch | |
| |
| |
The Federal Judiciary | |
| |
| |
Profiles in Leadership Justice Sonia Sotomayor | |
| |
| |
Impact of Women in Appointed Positions | |
| |
| |
| |
Employment and Educational Rights and Realities | |
| |
| |
| |
The Struggle for Employment and Educational Rights | |
| |
| |
The Woman's Movement | |
| |
| |
The Seneca Falls Convention and the Woman's Movement | |
| |
| |
Efforts on Behalf of Working Women | |
| |
| |
Professionalization and Education | |
| |
| |
The Suffrage Movement | |
| |
| |
The Drive for Protective Legislation | |
| |
| |
Maximum Hour and Minimum Wage Laws | |
| |
| |
Women and Work After Gaining Suffrage | |
| |
| |
Education and the Professions | |
| |
| |
World War II | |
| |
| |
Education After World War II | |
| |
| |
The Women's Rights Movement | |
| |
| |
The Equal Pay Act | |
| |
| |
Department of Labor Enforcement | |
| |
| |
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 | |
| |
| |
EEOC Enforcement | |
| |
| |
BFOQs, Customer Preference, and Protective Legislation | |
| |
| |
Affirmative Action | |
| |
| |
Profiles in Leadership The Sanchez Sisters Elected to Congress | |
| |
| |
Sexual Harassment | |
| |
| |
Employment Discrimination and the Consequences of Childbearing | |
| |
| |
Pregnancy Discrimination | |
| |
| |
The Difference Debate | |
| |
| |
The Family and Medical Leave Act | |
| |
| |
Global Awareness Family Leave Around the World | |
| |
| |
Education | |
| |
| |
Title IX and the Constitution | |
| |
| |
Women and Politics Congresswoman Louise Slaughter Fights for Title IX | |
| |
| |
Admissions | |
| |
| |
Student Treatment | |
| |
| |
Test Fairness | |
| |
| |
Hiring and Personnel Practices | |
| |
| |
| |
Women's Economic and Educational Status | |
| |
| |
Attitudes Toward Work and Women | |
| |
| |
Before the Women's Movement | |
| |
| |
The Impact of the Women's Movement | |
| |
| |
Attitudes Toward Mothers Working | |
| |
| |
Global Awareness Declining Birthrates and the Global Economy | |
| |
| |
Attitudes About the Abilities of Women | |
| |
| |
Preparation of Women for Employment Outside the Home | |
| |
| |
Early Training for Work | |
| |
| |
The Women's Rights Movement and Preparation for Work | |
| |
| |
Education and Work Readiness | |
| |
| |
Profiles in Leadership Michelle Rhee, District of Columbia Public Schools Chancellor | |
| |
| |
Workforce Commitment Attitudes | |
| |
| |
Sex Discrimination | |
| |
| |
Discrimination by Employers | |
| |
| |
Discrimination by Male Employees | |
| |
| |
Economic and Marketplace Factors | |
| |
| |
Impact of Barriers on the Position of Women in the Marketplace | |
| |
| |
Employment Levels of Women | |
| |
| |
Workforce Commitment of Women | |
| |
| |
Wages of Women | |
| |
| |
Women and Politics The Wage Gap Tax | |
| |
| |
Solutions to Pay Inequity | |
| |
| |
Comparable Worth | |
| |
| |
Affirmative Action | |
| |
| |
Family Leave, Day Care, and Flexible Jobs | |
| |
| |
| |
Familial and Reproductive Rights and Realities | |
| |
| |
| |
The Struggle for Familial and Reproductive Rights | |
| |
| |
The Woman's Movement | |
| |
| |
Effects of the Common Law | |
| |
| |
Divorce Reform | |
| |
| |
Birth Control | |
| |
| |
Voluntary Motherhood | |
| |
| |
Women and Politics Victoria Woodhull for President | |
| |
| |
The Suffrage Movement | |
| |
| |
Educated Motherhood | |
| |
| |
Birth Control in the Suffrage Era | |
| |
| |
The Current Women's Rights Movement | |
| |
| |
Marriage | |
| |
| |
Marriage and the Loss of Identity | |
| |
| |
Names | |
| |
| |
Profiles in Leadership Hillary Rodham Clinton | |
| |
| |
Marriage and Divorce Law | |
| |
| |
Divorce and Custody Laws | |
| |
| |
Marriage, Motherhood, and the Postmodern Family | |
| |
| |
Motherhood and New Issues of "Family" | |
| |
| |
The Decision to Have Children | |
| |
| |
Surrogacy | |
| |
| |
Reproductive Freedom | |
| |
| |
Birth Control | |
| |
| |
Adolescent Access to Birth Control | |
| |
| |
Global Awareness Reproductive Health Care for Teenagers | |
| |
| |
Abortion | |
| |
| |
A Pro-choice Administration | |
| |
| |
Litigating to Stop Violence | |
| |
| |
Congress Acts | |
| |
| |
NOW v. Scheidler Decided | |
| |
| |
The Freedom of Choice Act | |
| |
| |
Congress Votes to Roll Back Reproductive Rights | |
| |
| |
A Pro-life Administration | |
| |
| |
New Frontiers in Reproductive Rights | |
| |
| |
The Obama Administration | |
| |
| |
| |
Women's Place in the Family | |
| |
| |
Attitudinal Change Toward Marriage and the Family | |
| |
| |
Pre-Twentieth-Century America | |
| |
| |
Profiles in Leadership Kathleen Sebelius, United States Secretary of Health and Human Services | |
| |
| |
The Women's Rights Movement and Attitudes Toward Marriage and Family | |
| |
| |
Attitudes Toward Marriage | |
| |
| |
Women and Politics Equal Marriage Rights for Same-Sex Couples | |
| |
| |
Attitudes Toward Motherhood | |
| |
| |
Sexuality and Birth Control | |
| |
| |
Differences Among Women | |
| |
| |
Global Awareness Abortion Rates Worldwide | |
| |
| |
Women's and Men's Resources in the Struggle for Equal Roles | |
| |
| |
Discrimination by Men in the Family | |
| |
| |
Impact of Cultural Attitudes, Lack of Resources, and Discrimination on the Position of Women in the Family | |
| |
| |
Marriage Rates | |
| |
| |
Companionship Marriage | |
| |
| |
Divorce | |
| |
| |
Motherhood | |
| |
| |
Fatherhood | |
| |
| |
The New Families | |
| |
| |
| |
The Future of the Movement | |
| |
| |
Prerequisites for a Reenergized Women's Rights Movement | |
| |
| |
Organizational Base and Organizational Support | |
| |
| |
Leaders and Organizers | |
| |
| |
Communications Networks | |
| |
| |
Critical Mobilizing Events | |
| |
| |
Political Mobilization | |
| |
| |
Goals for the Women's Rights Movement | |
| |
| |
Index | |