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| Preface | |
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| Perspectives on Hate and Violence | |
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| Hate, Prejudice, and Discrimination | |
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| Transforming the Terms | |
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| Prejudice Versus Discrimination | |
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| The Role of the Individual | |
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| Hate as a Justification for Violence | |
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| Social Construction of Differences | |
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| When Stereotypes Turn Nasty | |
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| Is Hate on the Decline? | |
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| Underestimating Bigotry | |
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| The Difference Between Small and Insignificant | |
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| Hate Crimes Are Vastly Under-Reported | |
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| It Takes Only a Few Bad Apples | |
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| Threatening Situations Can Inspire Hate | |
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| A Continuing Racial Gap | |
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| The Obama Factor | |
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| Is the Significance of Hate on the Decline? | |
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| The Environmental View | |
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| The Hereditary View | |
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| The Situationist View of Hate and Violence | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Hate Crimes | |
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| Motive Matters | |
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| The Hate Crime Statistics Act | |
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| The FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting Program | |
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| NIBRS Hate Crime Data | |
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| Why Now? | |
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| Pros and Cons of Hate Crime Laws | |
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| Hate Crime Laws Today | |
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| Federal Civil Rights Statutes | |
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| New Federal Legislation (2009) | |
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| State Hate Crime Statutes | |
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| Hate Crime Laws and the U.S. Constitution | |
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| Policing Hate Crimes | |
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| Seeing Hate Crimes | |
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| Intension and Extension of the Term "Hate Crime" | |
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| Classification of Hate Crime Incidents | |
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| Why is this Distinction Important? | |
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| Hate Crimes in Europe | |
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| The Roma in Europe | |
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| Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Violence | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| A Typology of Hate | |
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| Hatemongers | |
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| The Role of Organized Hate | |
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| Hate from a Distance | |
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| Biblical Bigotry | |
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| The Militia Movement and White Supremacy | |
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| Expanding the Influence of Organized Hate | |
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| Dabblers | |
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| Getting a Thrill | |
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| Being Defensive | |
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| Getting Even | |
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| Sympathizers | |
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| Behind Closed Doors | |
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| An Eliminationist Anti-Semitism | |
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| Cultural Hate | |
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| Culture Transcends Generations | |
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| Spectators | |
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| The Failure to Act | |
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| Middleman Minorities | |
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| Middleman Minorities in the United States | |
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| The American Version of Spectatorship | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| The Benefits of Bigotry | |
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| Protest by Proxy | |
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| Psychological Advantages | |
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| Enhancing and Protecting Self-Esteem | |
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| Reducing Uncertainty | |
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| Economic and Status Advantages | |
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| Getting the Dirty Work Done | |
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| Eliminating Opponents | |
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| Maintaining Political Power | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| The Production of Rebels, Deviants, and Other Decent People | |
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| The Power of the Situation | |
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| When Normal People Do Abnormally Nasty Things | |
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| Fighting Spectatorship | |
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| Intergroup Contact | |
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| The Impact of Competition | |
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| Reducing Hostility Between Groups | |
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| Structuring Opportunities for Cooperation | |
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| Follow the Leader | |
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| Obeying Orders | |
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| The Role of Leadership | |
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| The Impact of Deviance | |
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| When Rebels Rebel | |
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| The Importance of Empathy Across Groups | |
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| Human Agency: The Ability to Create "Good" Situations | |
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| The Agentic Perspective | |
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| Collective Efficacy in Neighborhoods | |
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| Neighborhood Agency and Collective Efficacy | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Anti-Hate Websites | |
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| Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |