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| Introduction: The West before 1300 | |
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| Early Humans and Their Culture | |
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| The Paleolithic Age | |
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| The Neolithic Age | |
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| Early Civilizations to about 1000 B.C.E. | |
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| Mesopotamian Civilization | |
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| Egyptian Civilization | |
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| Palestine and the Religion of the Israelites | |
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| The Greeks | |
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| The Polis | |
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| Greek Political Philosophy and the Crisis of the Polis | |
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| The Empire of Alexander the Great | |
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| Rome The Republic and Expansion in the Mediterranean | |
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| From Republic to Empire | |
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| The Principate and the Empire | |
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| Christianity Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire | |
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| Europe Enters the Middle Ages | |
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| The Byzantine Empire | |
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| The Rise of Islam | |
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| New Importance of the Christian Church | |
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| Charlemagne Feudal and Manorial Society | |
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| Church and State in the High Middle Ages | |
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| The Division of Christendom | |
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| The Rise of Towns | |
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| The Crusades | |
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| The Rise of New Monarchies | |
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| Universities and Scholasticism | |
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| In Perspective | |
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| Europe In Transition | |
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| The Late | |
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| Middle Ages: Social and Political Breakdown (1300ndash;1453) | |
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| The Black Death Preconditions and Causes of the Plague | |
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| Popular Remedies | |
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| Social and Economic Consequences | |
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| New Conflicts and Opportunities | |
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| The Hundred Yearsrsquo; War and the Rise of National Sentiment | |
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| The Causes of the War | |
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| Progress of the War | |
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| Ecclesiastical Breakdown and Revival: The Late Medieval Church | |
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| The Thirteenth-Century Papacy Boniface VIII and Philip the Fair | |
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| The Avignon Papacy (1309ndash;1377) | |
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| John Wycliffe and John Huss | |
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| The Great Schism (1378ndash;1417) and the Conciliar Movement to 1449 | |
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| Medieval Russia Politics and Society Mongol Rule (1243ndash;1480) | |
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| In Perspective | |
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| Renaissance and Discovery | |
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| The Renaissance in Italy (1375ndash;1527) | |
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| The Italian City-State | |
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| Humanism Renaissance Art | |
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| Slavery in the Renaissance Italyrsquo;s | |
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| Political Decline: The French Invasions (1494ndash;1527) | |
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| Charles VIIIrsquo;s March through Italy | |
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| Pope Alexander VI and the Borgia Family | |
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| Pope Julius II Niccolograve | |
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| Machiavelli Revival of Monarchy in Northern Europe | |
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| France | |
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| Spain | |
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| England | |
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| The Holy Roman Empire | |
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| The Northern Renaissance | |
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| The Printing Press | |
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| Erasmus Humanism and Reform | |
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| Voyages of Discovery and the New Empires in the West and East | |
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| The Portuguese Chart the Course | |
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| The Spanish Voyages of Columbus | |
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| The Spanish Empire in the New World | |
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| The | |