| |
| |
| |
Conformity, Deviance, and Juvenile Delinquency | |
| |
| |
Introduction: The Sociological Perspective and Focus on Juvenile Delinquency | |
| |
| |
| |
Juvenile Delinquency: The Act, the Actor, and the Audience | |
| |
| |
What Is Juvenile Delinquency? | |
| |
| |
An Integrated Definition of Delinquency | |
| |
| |
| |
A Sociological Approach to Delinquency | |
| |
| |
The Sociological Perspective | |
| |
| |
The Social Nature of Humans | |
| |
| |
Norms | |
| |
| |
Sources of Norms | |
| |
| |
Folkways, Mores, and Laws | |
| |
| |
Marginality | |
| |
| |
Normative Behavior: Conformity | |
| |
| |
Deviant Behavior: Nonconformity | |
| |
| |
Negative Aspects of Deviance | |
| |
| |
Positive Aspects of Deviance | |
| |
| |
Juvenile Delinquency | |
| |
| |
| |
Dimensions of Juvenile Delinquency | |
| |
| |
Juvenile Delinquency Data | |
| |
| |
tOfficial Sources of Delinquency Information | |
| |
| |
The Composite Delinquent Profile: Typical or Stereotypical? | |
| |
| |
Unofficial Sources of Delinquency Information | |
| |
| |
The Magnitude and Trends of Juvenile Delinquency | |
| |
| |
Addendum: A Balanced Perspective on Youth | |
| |
| |
| |
Causes of Juvenile Delinquency | |
| |
| |
Introduction: Theory and the Etiology of Juvenile Delinquency | |
| |
| |
| |
Classical, Biological and Psychogenic Explanations of Juvenile Delinquency | |
| |
| |
The Link between Biology and Behavior: Myths and Folklore | |
| |
| |
The Classical School of Criminological Thought | |
| |
| |
The Positive School of Criminology | |
| |
| |
Twentieth-Century Constitutional Typologies | |
| |
| |
The Continuing Search for the Biological Connection | |
| |
| |
Sociobiological Explanations | |
| |
| |
The Psychogenic Approach and the Medical Model | |
| |
| |
The Discovery of the Unconscious | |
| |
| |
The Formation of Personality | |
| |
| |
Freudian Theory as an Explanation of Crime and Delinquency | |
| |
| |
Psychoanalysis | |
| |
| |
The Medical Model: Delinquent Acts as Symptoms | |
| |
| |
Conduct Disorders and Risk/Needs Assessment | |
| |
| |
Other Psychogenic Explanations of Juvenile Delinquency | |
| |
| |
| |
Sociological Explanations of Juvenile Delinquency: Social Strain and Cultural Transmission Theories | |
| |
| |
Theory | |
| |
| |
Social Strain Theories | |
| |
| |
Agnew's General Strain Theory | |
| |
| |
Cultural Transmission Theories | |
| |
| |
| |
Sociological Explanations of Juvenile Delinquency: Social Learning and Social Control Theories | |
| |
| |
Social Learning Theories | |
| |
| |
Social Control Theories | |
| |
| |
| |
Sociological Explanations of Juvenile Delinquency: Labeling and Radical/Conflict Theories | |
| |
| |
Labeling Theories | |
| |
| |
Radical Theories | |
| |
| |
| |
Sociological Explanations of Juvenile | |
| |
| |
Delinquency andthe Ongoing Process of Integrative Theory Building | |
| |
| |
Short-run Hedonism: Delinquency is fun | |
| |
| |
Maturation and Life Course Theories | |
| |
| |
Making Decisions for Delinquency: Rational Choice Theory | |
| |
| |
The Punishment Response: Deterrence Theory | |
| |
| |
Explaining Female Delinquency | |
| |
| |
Back to the Future: The Prospects and Direction for New Theory Building | |
| |
| |
| |
Juvenile Delinquency in a Social Context | |
| |
| |
Introduction: Collective Behavior and Social Groupings | |
| |
| |
| |
The Family and Juvenile Delinquency | |
| |
| |
The Changing Role of the Family | |
| |
| |
Increasing Importance of the Nuclear Family and the Creation of Adolescenc | |
| |
| |
The Family as an Agent of Socialization | |
| |
| |
Working Mothers and Juvenile Delinquency | |
| |
| |
Other Family Variables and Juvenile Delinquency | |
| |
| |
Single-Parent Families and Delinquency | |
| |
| |
The Family and Delinquency Prevention | |
| |
| |
| |
Schools and Delinquency | |
| |
| |
The School as an Arena | |
| |
| |
Schools and the Socialization Process | |
| |
| |
Juvenile Delinquency and the School Experience | |
| |
| |
Schools as a Screening Device | |
| |
| |
Schools as Combat Zone | |
| |
| |
School as Bureaucracy | |
| |
| |
Schools and Delinquency Prevention | |
| |
| |
| |
The Youth Subculture and Delinquency | |
| |
| |
Culture, Subcultures, and Countercultures | |
| |
| |
The Creation of a Youth Subculture | |
| |
| |
Role of the Youth Subculture | |
| |
| |
Distinctive Elements of the Youth Subculture | |
| |
| |
The Youth Subculture and Juvenile Delinquency | |
| |
| |
Youth Countercultures and Delinquency | |
| |
| |
The Youth Subculture and Delinquency Prevention | |
| |
| |
| |
Juvenile Gangs and Delinquency | |
| |
| |
The Solitary Delinquent | |
| |
| |
Group Delinquency | |
| |
| |
Dyads and Triads | |
| |
| |
Play Groups | |
| |
| |
Juvenile Gangs | |
| |
| |
Contemporary Youth Gangs in the United States | |
| |
| |
Motives for Gang Membership | |
| |
| |
Gang Organization | |
| |
| |
Composition of Gang Membership | |
| |
| |
Gang Violence | |
| |
| |
Explanatory Theories of Gang Formation and Behavior: A Summary and Synthesis | |
| |
| |
| |
Applied Theory: Social Control and the Juvenile Justice System | |
| |
| |
Introduction: Elements of Social Control | |
| |
| |
| |
Juveniles and the Police | |
| |
| |
Juvenile Encounters with Police | |
| |
| |
Policing Juveniles | |
| |
| |
Police Discretion in Handling Juveniles | |
| |
| |
Police and Due Process | |
| |
| |
Police, Community Policing, and Delinquency Prevention | |
| |
| |
| |
Juvenile Courts | |
| |
| |
Historical Background of the Juvenile Court | |
| |
| |
The Child Savers Movement | |
| |
| |
The Juvenile Court | |
| |
| |
Juvenile Courts and Due Process | |
| |
| |
Juvenile Court Procedures | |
| |
| |
The Role of Attorneys in Juvenile Court | |
| |
| |
Criticisms of the Juvenile Court | |
| |
| |
The Multifaceted Juvenile Court | |
| |
| |
The Future of the Juvenile Court | |
| |
| |
| |
Juvenile Corrections | |
| |
| |
Social Control and Deterrence Theory | |
| |
| |
Voluntary Social Control | |
| |
| |
Informal Social Control | |
| |
| |
Formal Social Control | |
| |
| |
Capital Punishment for Juveniles and Roper v | |
| |
| |
Deinstitutionalization, Community Corrections, and Diversion | |
| |
| |
Evaluation of Deinstitutionalization, Community Corrections, and Diversion | |
| |
| |
| |
Applied Theory: Strategies for Dealing with Juvenile Delinquency | |
| |
| |
Introduction: Approaching Treatment and Prevention in a Social Context | |
| |
| |
| |
Treatment and Prevention Strategies | |
| |
| |
Treatment Ideology and Delinquency Treatment Programs | |
| |
| |
Prevention Ideology and Delinquency Prevention Programs | |
| |
| |
Sociological Approaches to Delinquency Treatment and Prevention | |
| |
| |
Mobilizing the Community to Prevent Delinquency | |
| |
| |
Evaluation of Delinquency Treatment and Prevention Strategies | |
| |
| |
| |
Rethinking the Delinquency Problem | |
| |
| |
The Social Nature of Juvenile Delinquency | |
| |
| |
Eliminating the Marginal Status of Juveniles | |
| |
| |
Standardization or Elimination of Juvenile Codes | |
| |
| |
Decriminalization of Status Offenses | |
| |
| |
Revision of the Juvenile Court | |
| |
| |
Modification of Juvenile Corrections | |
| |
| |
Strengthening the Family | |
| |
| |
Changing the Educational System | |
| |
| |
Redefining Juvenile Delinquency | |