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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Sports in Early America | |
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| Britain's Festive Culture | |
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| The Puritan Assault Upon Britain's Festive Culture | |
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| "Lawful Sport" in New England and the Middle Colonies | |
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| Sporting Ways of the Southern Colonies | |
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| Tavern Pastimes | |
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| The Backcountry's Sporting Ways | |
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| Pastimes in the Revolutionary Era | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Notes | |
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| The Setting for Nineteenth-Century Sports | |
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| Conquering Space and Time | |
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| The Rise of Middle-Class Victorian Culture | |
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| "Rational" Recreation and Muscular Christianity | |
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| An Oppositional Culture | |
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| Enclaves of the Oppositional Culture | |
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| Nineteenth-Century Sporting Groups | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Notes | |
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| The Sporting Fraternity and Its Sectacles | |
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| John Cox Stevens: Wealthy Patron of Antebellum Sporting Spectacles | |
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| Pedestrianism, Rowing, and Billiards | |
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| The Early History of American Prizefighting | |
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| Meanings of Prizefighting | |
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| Prizefighting in the Postbellum Era | |
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| Enter John L. Sullivan | |
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| Postbellum Thoroughbred Horse Racing | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Notes | |
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| The Rise of America's National Game | |
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| The Club-Based Fraternal Game | |
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| Baseball as a Commercial Enterprise | |
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| The National League | |
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| The Players' Revolt | |
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| Ethnics and African Americans | |
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| Between The Foul Lines and In the Stands | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Notes | |
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| Late Nineteenth-Century Sporting Communities | |
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| Ethnic (or Immigrant) Sporting Communities | |
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| Turner Societies | |
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| African American Sporting Communities | |
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| The Wealthy New York Sporting Community | |
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| Sports and the Forging of an American Upper Class | |
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| Athletic Clubs | |
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| Amateurism and its Uses | |
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| Cricket Clubs and Country Clubs | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Notes | |
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| The Rise of Intercollegiate Sports | |
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| The First Intercollegiate Sport | |
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| Early Intercollegiate Baseball, Track, and Football | |
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| Walter Camp: Father of American Football | |
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| Football and the Making of College Communities | |
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| Football Becomes an Upper-Class Sporting Spectacle | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Notes | |
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| The Rise of Organized Youth Sports, 1880-1920 | |
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| The Social Context | |
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| The Cultural Context | |
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| Luther Halsey Gulick Jr. | |
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| The Evolutionary Theory of Play | |
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| The Public Schools Athletic League | |
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| The Playground Movement | |
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| Private Academy and Public High School Sports | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Notes | |
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| The Setting for Organized Sports, 1890-1950 | |
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| The Media and Sports | |
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| The New Middle Class, Modern Consumer Culture, and the Quest for Excitement | |
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| Islands of Pleasure | |
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| The Strenuous Life | |
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| Changing Ideals of Physical Beauty | |
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| An Age of Racial Segregation | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Notes | |
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| The Age of Sports Heroes | |
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| Babe Ruth | |
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| Red Grange | |
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| Jack Johnson | |
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| The Golden Age of Boxing | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Notes | |
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| Baseball's Golden Age | |
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| Baseball's Coming of Age | |
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| An Age of the Pitcher | |
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| Ty Cobb | |
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| Organized Baseball's Quest for Order | |
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| The Black Sox Scandal and the Reign of Kenesaw Mountain Landis | |
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| An Age of Team Dynasties | |
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| In the Great Depression and World War II | |
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| Black Baseball | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Notes | |
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| The Intercollegiate Football Spectacle | |
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| The Age of Crisis, 1890-1913 | |
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| The Issue of Brutality and Major Rule Changes | |
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| The Formation of Conferences | |
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| The Reign of King Football | |
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| The Football Coach as Hero | |
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| The Incomplete Democratization of College Football | |
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| Continuing Controversies | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Notes | |
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| The Club Sports Go Public | |
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| Tennis Goes Public | |
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| Golf Goes Public | |
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| The Emperor, Bobby Jones | |
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| Track and Field | |
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| The Revived Olympic Games | |
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| International Politics and the Games | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Notes | |
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| The Rise and Decline of Organized Women's Sports, 1890-1960 | |
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| The Athletic Girl | |
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| Early Women's Basketball | |
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| The Arrival of Women Sports' Heroes | |
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| The War Over Turf and Principles | |
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| Female Cheerleaders | |
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| The Rise and Decline of Women's Softball and Baseball | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Notes | |
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| The Setting of Organized Sports Since 1950 | |
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| Sprawling Metropolises | |
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| The Inner City and the Suburbs | |
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| The Nation's Sporting Ideology | |
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| The Sporting Ideology Under Assault | |
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| The Quest for Self-Sufficiency and the Fitness Cult | |
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| The Advent of Televised Sports | |
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| Roone Arledge and Howard Cosell | |
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| The New Era of Sports and the Media | |
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| An Assessment of the Media | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Notes | |
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| Professional Team Sports in the Age of Television | |
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| The Woes of Baseball | |
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| On the Diamond | |
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| The Early Days of Pro Football | |
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| The Making of Pro Football | |
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| The Golden Age of Pro Football | |
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| Professional Basketball | |
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| Marketing Pro Team Sports | |
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| A New Age of Pro Team Sports | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Notes | |
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| College Sports in the Age of Television | |
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| The NCAA Becomes an Economic Cartel | |
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| The Soaring Popularity of College Football | |
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| A New Era of Television Rights | |
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| The Requirements for Success | |
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| College Basketball Enters the National Arena | |
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| The Rising Popularity of College Basketball | |
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| The Scandals of the 1980s | |
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| The Financial Arms Race | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Notes | |
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| American Sports in A Global Arena | |
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| The Politics of the Olympic Games | |
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| The Escalation of the Stakes | |
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| Amateurism Abandoned | |
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| Television and the Ascent of Golf | |
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| Tennis-Open to All | |
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| The New Global Sports Marketplace | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Notes | |
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| The African American Quest for Equity in Sports | |
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| The Origins of Desegregation | |
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| Rickey and Robinson Integrate the National Game | |
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| Muhammad Ali | |
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| The Black Athletic Revolt | |
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| Continuing Discrimination | |
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| Have Sports Damaged Black America? | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Notes | |
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| The Quest for Equity in Women's Sports | |
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| Continuing Issues in Women's Sports | |
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| The Impetus for Change | |
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| Rising Hopes and Expectations | |
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| Resistance to Equity in Women's Sports | |
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| Continuing Constraints on Women's Sports | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Notes | |
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| The Athletes | |
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| Heroes or Merely Celebrities? | |
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| Escaping Serfdom | |
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| Free Agency | |
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| Mixed Responses | |
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| Youth Athletes | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Notes | |
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| American Sports: A Concluding Statement | |
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| Index | |