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Introduction | |
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The Study of Grammar: An Overview | |
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English: A World Language | |
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Three Definitions of Grammar | |
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Traditional School Grammar | |
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Modern Linguistics | |
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Structural Grammar | |
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Transformational Grammar | |
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The Issue of Correctness | |
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Language Variety | |
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Language Change | |
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Language in the Classroom | |
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Key Terms | |
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Further Reading | |
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Classroom Applications | |
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Questions for Discussion | |
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The Grammar of Basic Sentences | |
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All chapters in Part II have Key Terms, Sentences for Practice, Questions for Discussion, and Classroom Applications | |
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An Introduction to Words and Phrases | |
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Form Classes | |
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Nouns | |
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The Noun Phrase | |
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Verbs | |
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The Verb Phrase | |
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NP + VP = S | |
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Adjectives and Adverbs | |
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Prepositional Phrases | |
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Sentence Patterns | |
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Subjects and Predicates | |
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The Sentence Slots | |
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The BePatterns | |
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The Linking Verb Patterns | |
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The Optional Slots | |
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The Intransitive Verb Pattern | |
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Exceptions to the Intransitive Pattern | |
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Intransitive Phrasal Verbs | |
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The Transitive Verb Patterns | |
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Transitive Phrasal Verbs | |
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The Indirect Object Pattern | |
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The Object Complement Patterns | |
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Compound Structures | |
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Exceptions to the Ten Sentence Patterns | |
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Sentence Types | |
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Interrogative Sentences (Questions) | |
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Imperative Sentences (Commands) | |
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Exclamatory Sentences | |
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Punctuation and the Sentence Patterns | |
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Diagramming the Sentence Patterns | |
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Notes on the Diagrams | |
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The Main Line | |
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The Noun Phrase | |
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The Verb Phrase | |
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The Prepositional Phrase | |
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Compound Structures | |
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Punctuation | |
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Expanding the Main Verb | |
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The Five Verb Forms | |
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Auxiliary-Verb Combinations | |
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The Modal Auxiliaries | |
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The Subjunctive Mood | |
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Tense and Aspect | |
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Using the Verb Forms | |
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The "Future Tense" | |
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Exceptions to the Rule | |
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The Stand-In Auxiliary Do | |
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The Verb System of African American Vernacular English | |
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Changing Sentence Focus | |
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The Passive Voice | |
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The Passive Get | |
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The Transitive-Passive Relationship | |
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Patterns VIII to X in Passive Voice | |
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Changing Passive Voice to Active Voice | |
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The Passive Voice in Prose | |
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Other Passive Purposes | |
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The There Transformation | |
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Cleft Sentences | |
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Expanding the Sentence | |
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All chapters in Part III have Key Terms, Sentences for Practice, Questions for Discussion, and Classroom Applications | |
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Form and Function | |
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Modifiers of the Verb: Adverbials | |
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Adverbs | |
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Prepositional Phrases | |
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Nouns and Noun Phrases | |
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Verb Phrases | |
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Dangling Infinitives | |
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Clauses | |
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Punctuation of Adverbials | |
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Modifers of the Noun: Adjectivals | |
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The Determiner | |
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Adjectives and Nouns | |
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Prenoun participles | |
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Prepositional Phrases | |
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Relative Clauses | |
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Participial Phrases | |
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Passive Participles | |
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The Participle as Object Complement | |
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Movable Participles | |
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Dangling Participles | |
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Participles as Adverbials | |
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Punctuation of Clauses and Participles | |
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Multiple Modifiers | |
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Other Postnoun Modifiers | |
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Infinitives | |
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Noun Phrases | |
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Adjectives | |
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Adverbs | |
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The Noun Phrase Functions: Nominals | |
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The Nominal Slots | |
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Appositives | |
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Punctuation of Appositives | |
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Noun Phrase Substitutes | |
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Gerunds | |
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The Pattern of the Gerund | |
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The Subject of the Gerund | |
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Dangling Gerunds | |
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Infinitives | |
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The Subject of the Infinitive | |
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Nominal Clauses | |
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The Expletive That | |
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Interrogatives | |
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Yes/No Interrogatives | |
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Punctuation of Nominal Clauses | |
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Nominals as Delayed Subjects | |
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Sentence Modifiers | |
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Nouns of Direct Address: The Vocatives | |
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Interjections | |
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Subordinate Clauses | |
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Punctuation of Subordinate Clauses | |
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Elliptical Clauses | |
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Absolute Phrases | |
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Appositives | |
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Relative Clauses | |
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Coordination | |
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Coordination within the Sentence | |
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Punctuation | |
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Elliptical Coordinate Structures | |
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Subject-Verb Agreement | |
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Parallel Structure | |
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Coordinating Complete Sentences | |
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Conjunctions | |
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Semicolons | |
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Colons | |
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Diagramming the Compound Sentence | |
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Words and Word Classes | |
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All chapters in Part IV have Key Terms, Questions for Discussion, and Classroom Applications | |
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Morphemes | |
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Bases and Affixes | |
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Bound and Free Morphemes | |
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Derivational and Inflectional Morphemes | |
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Allomorphs | |
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Homonyms | |
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Compound Words | |
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The Form Classes | |
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Nouns | |
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Noun Derivational Suffixes | |
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Noun Inflectional Suffixes | |
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The Meaning of the Possessive Case | |
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Irregular Plural Inflections | |
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Plural-Only Forms | |
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Collective Nouns | |
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Semantic Features of Nouns | |
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Verbs | |
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Verb Derivational Affixes | |
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Verb Inflectional Suffixes | |
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Adjectives | |
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Adjective Derivational Suffixes | |
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Adjective Inflectional Suffixes | |
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Subclasses of Adjectives | |
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Adverbs | |
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Adverb Derivational Suffixes | |
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Adverb Inflectional Suffixes | |
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The Structure Classes | |
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Determiners | |
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The Expanded Determiner | |
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Auxiliaries | |
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Qualifiers | |
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Prepositions | |
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Simple Prepositions | |
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Phrasal Prepositions | |
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Conjunctions | |
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Coordinating Conjunctions | |
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Correlative Conjunctions | |
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Conjunctive Adverbs (Adverbial Conjunctions) | |
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Subordinating Conjunctions | |
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Relatives | |
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Interrogatives | |
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Expletives | |
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There | |
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That | |
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Or | |
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As | |
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If and Whether (or not) | |
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Particles | |
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Pronouns | |
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Personal Pronouns | |
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Case | |
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Gender | |
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Reflexive Pronouns | |
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Intensive Pronouns | |
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Reciprocal Pronouns | |
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Demonstrative Pronouns | |
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Relative Pronouns | |
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Interrogative Pronouns | |
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Indefinite Pronouns | |
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Grammar for Writers | |
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Rhetorical Grammar | |
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Sentence Patterns | |
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Basic Sentences | |
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The Linking Beand Metaphor | |
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Cohesion | |
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Sentence Rhythm | |
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End Focus | |
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Sentence Transformations | |
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Choosing Verbs | |
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The Overuse of Be | |
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The Passive Voice | |
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The Abstract Subject | |
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The Shifting Adverbials | |
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The Adverbial Clause | |
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The Adverbs of Emphasis | |
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The Common Only | |
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Metadiscourse | |
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Style | |
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Word Order Variation | |
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Ellipsis | |
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The Coordinate Series | |
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The Introductory Appositive Series | |
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The Deliberate Sentence Fragment | |
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Repetition | |
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Antithesis | |
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Using Gender Appropriately | |
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Key Terms | |
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Purposeful Punctuation | |
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Making Connections | |
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Compounding Sentences | |
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Compounding Structures within Sentences | |
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Connecting More Than Two Parts: The Series | |
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Separating Prenoun Modifiers | |
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Identifying Essential and Nonessential | |
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Structures | |
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Signaling Sentence Openers | |
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Signaling Emphasis | |
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Using Apostrophes for Contraction and Possessive Case | |
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Glossary of Grammatical Terms | |
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Appendix on Sentence Diagramming | |
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Answers to the Exercises | |
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Index | |