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Maps and Graphs | |
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Feature Essays | |
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Re-viewing the Past | |
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Debating the Past | |
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Preface | |
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Prologue Beginnings | |
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First Peoples | |
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The Demise of the Big Mammals | |
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The Archaic Period: A World Without Big Mammals | |
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The First Sedentary Communities | |
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The Maize Revolution | |
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The Diffusion of Corn Population Growth After 800 | |
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Cahokia: The Hub of Mississippian Culture | |
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The Collapse of Urban Centers Eurasia and Africa Europe in Ferment | |
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Debating The Past | |
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Who-or What-Killed the Big Mammals? | |
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Alien Encounters: Europe in the Americas | |
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Sightings Columbus's Great Triumph-and Error Spain's American Empire | |
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Extending Spain's Empire to the North Disease and Population Losses Ecological Imperialism Spain's European Rivals | |
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The Protestant Reformation English Beginnings in America | |
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The Settlement of Virginia "Purifying" the Church of England Bradford and Plymouth Colony Winthrop and Massachusetts Bay Colony | |
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Troublemakers: Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson | |
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Other New England Colonies Pequot War and King Philip's War Maryland and the Carolinas French and Dutch Settlements | |
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The Middle Colonies Cultural Collisions Cultural Fusions | |
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Debating The Past | |
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How Many Indians Perished with European Settlement? | |
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American Society in the Making | |
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Settlement of New France Society in New Mexico, Texas, and California | |
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The English Prevail on the Atlantic Seaboard | |
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The Chesapeake Colonies | |
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The Lure of Land "Solving" the Labor Shortage: Slavery Prosperity in a Pipe: Tobacco Bacon's Rebellion | |
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The Carolinas Home and Family in the South Georgia and the Back Country Puritan New England Puritan Women and Children Visible Puritan Saints and Others Democracies Without Democrats | |
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The Dominion of New England Salem Bewitched A Merchant's World | |
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The Middle Colonies: Economic Basis | |
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The Middle Colonies: An Intermingling of Peoples "The Best Poor Man's Country" | |
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The Politics of Diversity | |
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Becoming Americans | |
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Re-Viewing the Past | |
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The Crucible | |
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Debating The Past | |
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Were Puritan Communities Peaceable? | |
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America in the British Empire | |
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The British Colonial System | |
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Mercantilism | |
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The Navigation Acts | |
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The Effects of Mercantilism | |
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The Great Awakening | |
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The Rise and Fall of Jonathan Edwards | |
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The Enlightenment in America | |
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Colonial Scientific Achievements | |
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Repercussions of Distant Wars | |
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The Great War for the Empire | |
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Britain Victorious: The Peace of Paris | |
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Burdens of an Expanded Empire | |
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Tightening Imperial Controls | |
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The Sugar Act | |
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American Colonists Demand Rights | |
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The Stamp Act: The Pot Set to Boiling | |
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Rioters or Rebels? | |
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Taxation or Tyranny? | |
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The Declaratory Act | |
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The Townshend Duties | |
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The Boston Massacre | |
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The Pot Spills Over | |
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The Tea Act Crisis | |
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From Resistance to Revolution | |
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Debating The Past | |
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Was Economic Gain the Colonists' Main Motivation? | |
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The American Revolution | |
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"The Shot Heard Round the World" | |
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The Second Continental Congress | |
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The Battle of Bunker Hill | |
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The Great Declaration 1776 | |
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The Balance of Forces | |
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Loyalists | |
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Early British Victories | |
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Saratoga and the French Alliance | |
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The War Moves South | |
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Victory at Yorktown | |
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Negotiating a Favorable Peace | |
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National Government | |
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Under the Articles of Confederation | |
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Financing the War State Republican Governments | |
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Social Reform Effects of the Revolution of Women | |
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Growth of a National Spirit | |
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The Great Land Ordinances National Heroes Re-Viewing the Past | |
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The Patriot | |
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Debating The Past | |
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Was the American Revolution Rooted in Class Struggle? | |
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The Federalist Era: Nationalism Triumphant | |
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Inadequacies of the Articles of Confederation Daniel Shays's "Little Rebellion" | |
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To Philadelphia, and the Constitution | |
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The Great Convention | |
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The Compromises that Produced the Constitution | |
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Ratifying the Constitution Washington as President Congress | |
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Under Way Hamilton and Financial Reform | |
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The Ohio Country: A Dark and Bloody Ground Revolution in France | |
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Federalists and Republicans: The Rise of Political Parties 1794 | |
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Crisis and Resolution | |
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Jay's Treaty 1795 | |
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All's Well That Ends Well | |
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Washington's Farewell | |
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The Election of 1796 | |
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The XYZ Affair | |
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The Alien and Sedition Acts | |
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The Kentucky and Virginia Resolves | |
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Debating The Past | |
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What Ideas Shaped the Constitution? | |
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Jeffersonian Democracy | |
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Jefferson Elected President | |
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The Federalist Contribution | |
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Thomas Jefferson: Political Theorist | |
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Jefferson as President | |
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Jefferson's Attack on the Judiciary | |
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The Barbary Pirates | |
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The Louisiana Purchase | |
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The Federalists Discredited | |
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Lewis and Clark | |
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The Burr Conspiracy | |
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Napoleon and the British | |
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The Impressment Controversy | |
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The Embargo Act | |
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Jeffersonian Democracy | |
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Debating The Past | |
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Did Thomas Jefferson Father a Child by His Slave? | |
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National Growing Pains | |
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Madison in Power | |
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Tecumseh and Indian Resistance | |
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Depression and Land Hunger | |
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Opponents of War | |
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The War of 1812 | |
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Britain Assumes the Offensive | |
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"The Star Spangled Banner" | |
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The Treaty of Ghent | |
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The Hartford Convention | |
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The Battle of New Orleans | |
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Victory Weakens the Federalists | |
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Anglo-American Rapprochement | |
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The Transcontinental Treaty | |
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The Monroe Doctrine | |
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The Era of Good Feelings | |
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New Sectional Issues | |
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The Missouri Compromise | |
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The Election of 1824 | |
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John Quincy Adams as President | |
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Calhoun's Exposition and Protest | |
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The Meaning of Sectionalism | |
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Debating The Past | |
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How Did Indians and Settlers Interact? | |
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Toward a National Economy | |
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Gentility and the Consumer Revolution | |
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Birth of the Factory | |
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An Industrial Proletariat? | |
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Lowell's Waltham System: Women as Factory Workers | |
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Irish and German Immigrants | |
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The Persistence of the Household System | |
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Rise of Corporations | |
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Cotton Revolutionizes the South | |
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Revival of Slavery | |
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Roads to Market | |
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Transportation and Government | |
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Development of Steamboats | |
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The Canal Boom | |
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New York City: Emporium of the Western World | |
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The Marshall Court | |
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Debating The Past | |
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Did a "Market Revolution" Transform Early Nineteenth-Century America? | |
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Jacksonian Democracy | |
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"Democratizing" Politics 1828 | |
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The New Party System in Embryo | |
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The Jacksonian Appeal | |
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The Spoils System | |
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President of All the People | |
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Jackson: "The Bank . I Will Kill It!" | |
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Jackson's Bank Veto | |
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Jackson Versus Calhoun | |
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Indian Removals | |
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The Nullification Crisis | |
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Boom and Bust | |
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The Jacksonians | |
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Rise of the Whigs | |
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Martin Van Buren: Jacksonianism Without Jackson | |
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The Log Cabin Campaign | |
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Debating The Past | |
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For Whom Did Jackson Fight? | |
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The Making of Middle-Class America | |
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Tocqueville: Democracy in America | |
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The Family Recast | |
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The Second Great Awakening | |
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Backwoods Utopias | |
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The Age of Reform | |
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"Demon Rum" | |
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The Abolitionist Crusade | |
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Women's Rights | |
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The Romantic View of Life | |
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Emerson and Thoreau | |
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Edgar Allan Poe | |
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Nathaniel Hawthorne | |
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Herman Melville | |
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Walt Whitman | |
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Education for Democracy | |
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The State of the Colleges | |
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Debating The Past | |
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Did the Antebellum Reform Movement Improve Society? | |
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Westward Expansion | |
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Tyler's Troubles | |
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The Webster-Ashburton Treaty | |
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The Texas Question | |
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Manifest Destiny | |
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Life on the Trail | |
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California and Oregon | |
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The Election of 1844 | |
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Polk as President | |
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War with Mexico | |
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To the Halls of Montezuma | |
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The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | |
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The Fruits of Victory: Further Enlargement of the United States | |
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Slavery: Storm Clouds Gather | |
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The Election of 1848 | |
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The Gold Rush | |
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The Compromise of 1850 | |
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Debating The Past | |
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Did the Frontier Change Women's Roles? | |
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The Sections Go Their Ways | |
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The Economics of Slavery | |
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The Sociology of Slavery | |
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Psychological Effects of Slavery | |
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Manufacturing in the South | |
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The Northern Industrial Juggernaut | |
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A Nation of Immigrants | |
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How Wage Earners Lived | |
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Foreign Commerce | |
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Steam Conquers the Atlantic | |
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Canals and Railroads | |
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Financing the Railroads | |
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Railroads and the Economy | |
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Railroads and the Sectional Conflict | |
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The Economy on the Eve of Civil War | |
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Debating The Past | |
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Did Slaves and Masters Form Emotional Bonds? | |
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The Coming of the Civil War | |
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The Slave Power Comes North | |
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Uncle Tom's Cabin | |
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Diversions Abroad: The "Young America" Movement | |
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Stephen Douglas: "The Little Giant" | |
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The Kansas-Nebraska Act | |
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Know-Nothings, Republicans, and the Demise of the Two-Party System | |
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"Bleeding Kansas" | |
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Senator Sumner Becomes a Martyr for Abolitionism | |
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Buchanan Tries His Hand | |
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The Dred Scott Decision | |
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The Proslavery Lecompton Constitution | |
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The Emergence of Lincoln | |
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The Lincoln-Douglas Debates | |
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John Brown's Raid | |
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The Election of 1860 | |
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The Secession Crisis | |
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Debating The Past | |
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Was the Civil War Avoidable? | |
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The War to Save the Union | |
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Lincoln's Cabinet | |
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Fort Sumter: The First Shot | |
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The Blue and the Gray | |
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The Test of Battle: Bull Run | |
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Paying for the War | |
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Politics as Usual | |
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Behind Confederate Lines | |
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War in the West: Shiloh | |
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McClellan: The Reluctant Warrior | |
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Lee Counterattacks: Antietam | |
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The Emancipation Proclamation | |
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The Draft Riots | |
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The Emancipated People | |
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African American Soldiers | |
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Antietam to Gettysburg | |
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Lincoln Finds His General: Grant at Vicksburg | |
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Economic and Social Effects, North and South | |
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Women in Wartime | |
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Grant in the Wilderness | |
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Sherman in Georgia | |
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To Appomattox Court House | |
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Winners, Losers, and the Future | |
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Re-Viewing the Past | |
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Glory | |
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Debating The Past | |
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Why Did the South Lose the Civil War? | |
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Reconstruction and the South | |
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The Assassination of Lincoln | |
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Presidential Reconstruction | |
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Republican Radicals | |
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Congress Rejects Johnsonian Reconstruction | |
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The Fourteenth Amendment | |
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The Reconstruction Acts | |
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Congress Supreme | |
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The Fifteenth Amendment | |
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"Black Republican" Reconstruction: Scalawags and Carpetbaggers | |
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The Ravaged Land | |
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Sharecropping and the Crop-Lien System | |
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The White Backlash | |
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Grant as President | |
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The Disputed Election of 1876 | |
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The Compromise of 1877 | |
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Debating The Past | |
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Were Reconstruction Governments Corrupt? | |
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The Conquest of the West | |
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The West After the Civil War | |
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The Plains Indians | |
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Indian Wars | |
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The Destruction of Tribal Life | |
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The Lure of Gold and Silver in the West | |
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Big Business and the Land Bonanza | |
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Western Railroad Building | |
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The Cattle Kingdom | |
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Open-Range Ranching | |
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Barbed-Wire Warfare | |
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Debating The Past | |
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Was the Frontier Exceptionally Violent? | |
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An Industrial Giant | |
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Essentials of Industrial Growth | |
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Railroads: The First Big Business | |
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Iron, Oil, and Electricity | |
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Competition and Monopoly: The Railroads | |
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Competition and Monopoly: Steel | |
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Competition and Monopoly: Oil | |
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American Ambivalence to Big Business | |
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Reformers: George, Bellamy, Lloyd, and the Marxists | |
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The Government Reacts to Big Business: Railroad Regulation | |
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The Government Reacts to Big Business: The Sherman Antitrust Act | |
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The Labor Union Movement | |
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The American Federation of Labor | |
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Labor Militancy Rebuffed | |
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Whither America, Whither Democracy? | |
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Debating The Past | |
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Were the Industrialists "Robber Barons" or Savvy Entrepreneurs? | |
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American Society in the Industrial Age | |
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Middle-Class Life | |
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Skilled and Unskilled Workers | |
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Working Women | |
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Farmers | |
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Working-Class Attitudes | |
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Working Your Way Up | |
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The "New" Immigration | |
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New Immigrants Face New Nativism | |
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The Expanding City and Its Problems | |
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Teeming Tenements | |
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The Cities Modernize | |
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Leisure Activities: More Fun and Games | |
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Christianity's Conscience and the Social Gospel | |
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The Settlement Houses | |
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Civilization and Its Discontents | |
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Debating The Past | |
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Did Immigrants Assimilate? | |
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Intellectual and Cultural Trends | |
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Colleges and Universities | |
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Revolution in the Social Sciences | |
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Progressive Education | |
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History | |
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Realism in Literature | |
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Mark Twain | |
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William Dean Howells | |
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Henry James | |
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The Pragmatic Approach | |
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The Knowledge Revolution | |
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Re-Viewing the Past | |
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Titanic | |
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Debating The Past | |
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Did the Frontier Engender Individualism and Democracy? | |
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Politics: Local, State, and National | |
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Congress Ascendant | |
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Recurrent Issues | |
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Party Politics: Sidestepping the Issues | |
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Lackluster Presidents: From Hayes to Harrison | |
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Blacks in the South After Reconstruction | |
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Booker T. Washington: A "Reasonable" Champion for Blacks | |
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City Bosses | |
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Crops and Complaints | |
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The Populist Movement | |
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Showdown on Silver | |
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The Depression of 1893 | |
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The Election of 1896 | |
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The Meaning of the Election | |
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Debating The Past | |
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Were City Governments Corrupt and Incompetent? | |
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The Age of Reform | |
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Roots of Progressivism | |
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The Muckrakers | |
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The Progressive Mind | |
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"Radical" Progressives: The Wave of the Future | |
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Political Reform: Cities First | |
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Political Reform: The States | |
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State Social Legislation | |
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Political Reform: The Woman Suffrage Movement | |
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Political Reform: Income Taxes and Popular Election of Senators | |
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Theodore Roosevelt: Cowboy in the White House | |
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Roosevelt and Big Business | |
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Roosevelt and the Coal Strike | |
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TR's Triumphs | |
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Roosevelt Tilts Left | |
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William Howard Taft: The Listless Progressive, or More Is Less | |
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Breakup of the Republican Party | |
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The Election of 1912 | |
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Wilson: The New Freedom | |
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The Progressives and Minority Rights | |
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Black Militancy | |
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Debating The Past | |
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Were the Progressives Forward-Looking? | |
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From Isolation to Empire | |
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Origins of the Large Policy: Coveting Colonies | |
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Toward an Empire in the Pacific | |
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Toward an Empire in Latin America | |
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The Cuban Revolution | |
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The "Splendid Little" Spanish-American War | |
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Developing a Colonial Policy | |
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The Anti-Imperialists | |
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The Philippine Insurrection | |
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Cuba and the United States | |
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The United States in the Caribbean and Central America | |
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The Open Door Policy | |
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The Panama Canal | |
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Imperialism Without Colonies | |
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Debating The Past | |
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Did the United States Acquire an Overseas Empire for Economic Reasons? | |
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Woodrow Wilson and the Great War | |
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Wilson's "Moral" Diplomacy | |
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Europe Explodes in War | |
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Freedom of the Seas | |
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The Election of 1916 | |
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The Road to War | |
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Mobilizing the Economy | |
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Workers in Wartime | |
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Paying for the War | |
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Propaganda and Civil Liberties | |
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Wartime Reforms | |
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Women and Blacks in Wartime | |
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Americans: To the Trenches and Over the Top | |
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Preparing for Peace | |
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The Paris Peace Conference and the Versailles Treaty | |
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The Senate Rejects the League of Nations | |
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The Red Scare | |
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The Election of 1920 | |
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Debating The Past | |
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Did a Stroke Sway Wilson's Judgment? | |
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Postwar Society and Culture: Change and Adjustment | |
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Closing the Gates to New Immigrants | |
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New Urban Social Patterns | |
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The Younger Generation | |
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The "New" Woman | |
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Popular Culture: Movies and Radio | |
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The Golden Age of Sports | |
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Urban-Rural Conflicts: Fundamentalism | |
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Urban-Rural Conflicts: Prohibition | |
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The Ku Klux Klan | |
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Sacco and Vanzetti | |
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Literary Trends | |
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The "New Negro" | |
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Economic Expansion | |
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The Age of the Consumer | |
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Henry Ford | |
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The Airplane | |
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Re-Viewing the Past | |
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Chicago | |
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Debating The Past | |
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Was the Decade of the 1920s One of Self-Absorption? | |
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The New Era: 1921-1933 | |
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Harding and "Normalcy" | |
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"The Business of the United States Is Business" | |
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The Harding Scandals | |
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Coolidge Prosperity | |
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Peace Without a Sword | |
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The Peace Movement | |
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The Good Neighbor Policy | |
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The Totalitarian Challenge | |
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War Debts and Reparations | |
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The Election of 1928 | |
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Economic Problems | |
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The Stock Market Crash of 1929 | |
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Hoover and the Depression | |
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The Economy Hits Bottom | |
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The Depression and Its Victims | |
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The Election of 1932 | |
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Debating The Past | |
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What Caused the Great Depression? | |
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The New Deal: 1933-1941 | |
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The Hundred Days | |
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The National Recovery Administration (NRA) | |
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The Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) | |
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The Dust Bowl | |
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The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) | |
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The New Deal Spirit | |
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The Unemployed | |
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Literature During the Depression | |
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Three Extremists: Long, Coughlin, and Townsend | |
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The Second New Deal | |
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The Election of 1936 | |
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Roosevelt Tries to Undermine the Supreme Court | |
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The New Deal Winds Down | |
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Significance of the New Deal | |
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Women as New Dealers: The Network | |
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Blacks During the New Deal | |
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A New Deal for Indians | |
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The Role of Roosevelt | |
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The Triumph of Isolationism | |
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War Again in Europe | |
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| |
A Third Term for FDR | |
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The Undeclared War | |
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Re-Viewing the Past | |
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Cinderella Man | |
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Debating The Past | |
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Did the New Deal succeed? | |
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| |
War and Peace | |
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| |
The Road to Pearl Harbor | |
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| |
Mobilizing the Home Front | |
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| |
The War Economy | |
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| |
War and Social Change | |
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Minorities in Time of War: Blacks, Hispanics, and Indians | |
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Internment of the Japanese | |
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| |
Women's Contribution to the War Effort | |
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Allied Strategy: Europe First | |
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Germany Overwhelmed | |
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The Naval War in the Pacific | |
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Island Hopping | |
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Building the Atom Bomb | |
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Wartime Diplomacy | |
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Allied Suspicion of Stalin | |
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Yalta and Potsdam | |
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| |
Re-Viewing the Past | |
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| |
Saving Private Ryan | |
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| |
Debating The Past | |
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| |
Should the United States Have Used Atomic Bombs Against Japan? | |
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| |
| |
The American Century | |
| |
| |
Truman Becomes President | |
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| |
The Postwar Economy | |
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| |
The Containment Policy | |
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| |
A Turning Point in Greece | |
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| |
The Marshall Plan and the Lesson of History | |
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| |
The Election of 1948 | |
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| |
Containing Communism Abroad | |
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| |
Hot War in Korea | |
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| |
The Communist Issue at Home | |
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| |
McCarthyism | |
| |
| |
Dwight D. Eisenhower | |
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| |
The Eisenhower-Dulles Foreign Policy | |
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| |
McCarthy Self-Destructs | |
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| |
Asian Policy After Korea | |
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| |
Israel and the Middle East | |
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| |
Eisenhower and Khrushchev | |
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| |
Latin America Aroused | |
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| |
The Politics of Civil Rights | |
| |
| |
The Election of 1960 | |
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| |
Re-Viewing the Past | |
| |
| |
Good Night, and Good Luck | |
| |
| |
Debating The Past | |
| |
| |
Did Truman Needlessly Exacerbate Relations with the Soviet Union? | |
| |
| |
| |
From Camelot to Watergate | |
| |
| |
Kennedy in Camelot | |
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| |
The Cuban Crises | |
| |
| |
The Vietnam War | |
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| |
"We Shall Overcome": The Civil Rights Movement | |
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| |
Tragedy in Dallas: JFK Assassinated | |
| |
| |
Lyndon Baines Johnson | |
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| |
The Great Society | |
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| |
Johnson Escalates the War | |
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| |
Opposition to the War | |
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| |
The Election of 1968 | |
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| |
Nixon as President: "Vietnamizing" the War | |
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| |
The Cambodian "Incursion" | |
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| |
Détente with Communism | |
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| |
Nixon in Triumph | |
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| |
Domestic Policy Under Nixon | |
| |
| |
The Watergate Break-in | |
| |
| |
More Troubles for Nixon | |
| |
| |
The Judgment on Watergate: "Expletive Deleted" | |
| |
| |
Debating The Past | |
| |
| |
Would JFK Have Sent a Half-Million American Troops to Vietnam? | |
| |
| |
| |
Society in Flux | |
| |
| |
A Society on the Move | |
| |
| |
The Advent of Television | |
| |
| |
At Home and Work | |
| |
| |
The Growing Middle Class | |
| |
| |
Religion in Changing Times | |
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| |
Literature and Art | |
| |
| |
The Perils of Progress | |
| |
| |
New Racial Turmoil | |
| |
| |
Native-Born Ethnics | |
| |
| |
Rethinking Public Education | |
| |
| |
Students in Revolt | |
| |
| |
The Counterculture | |
| |
| |
The Sexual Revolution | |
| |
| |
Women's Liberation | |
| |
| |
Debating The Past | |
| |
| |
Did Mass Culture Make Life Shallow? | |
| |
| |
| |
Running on Empty: The Nation Transformed | |
| |
| |
The Oil Crisis | |
| |
| |
Ford as President | |
| |
| |
The Fall of South Vietnam | |
| |
| |
Ford Versus Carter | |
| |
| |
The Carter Presidency | |
| |
| |
A National Malaise | |
| |
| |
Stagflation: The Weird Economy | |
| |
| |
Families Under Stress: Defeat of the Equal Rights Amendment | |
| |
| |
Cold War or Détente? | |
| |
| |
The Iran Crisis: Origins | |
| |
| |
The Iran Crisis: Carter's Dilemma | |
| |
| |
The Election of 1980 | |
| |
| |
Reagan as President | |
| |
| |
Four More Years | |
| |
| |
"The Reagan Revolution" | |
| |
| |
Change and Uncertainty | |
| |
| |
AIDS | |
| |
| |
The New Merger Movement | |
| |
| |
"A Job for Life": Layoffs Hit Home | |
| |
| |
A "Bipolar" Economy, a Fractured Society | |
| |
| |
The Iran-Contra Arms Deal | |
| |
| |
Debating The Past | |
| |
| |
Did Reagan End the Cold War? | |
| |
| |
| |
Misdemeanors and High Crimes | |
| |
| |
The Election of 1988 | |
| |
| |
Crime and Punishment | |
| |
| |
"Crack" and Urban Gangs | |
| |
| |
George H. W. Bush as President | |
| |
| |
The Collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe | |
| |
| |
The War in the Persian Gulf | |
| |
| |
The Deficit Worsens | |
| |
| |
Enter Bill Clinton | |
| |
| |
The Election of 1992 | |
| |
| |
Clinton as President | |
| |
| |
Emergence of the Republican Majority | |
| |
| |
The Election of 1996 | |
| |
| |
Clinton Impeached | |
| |
| |
Clinton's Legacy | |
| |
| |
A Racial Divide | |
| |
| |
Violence and Popular Culture | |
| |
| |
The Economic Boom and the Internet | |
| |
| |
The 2000 Election: George W. Bush Wins by One Vote | |
| |
| |
The New Terrorism Intensifies | |
| |
| |
September 11, 2001 | |
| |
| |
America Fights Back: War in Afghanistan | |
| |
| |
The Second Iraq War 2004 | |
| |
| |
Bush Wins a Second Term | |
| |
| |
More Trouble in Asia | |
| |
| |
Troubles at Home: Immigration Reform and Energy Policy [*final title TBD] | |
| |
| |
Hurricane Katrina | |
| |
| |
Iraq Insurgency Intensifies | |
| |
| |
The Persistent Past and Imponderable Future | |
| |
| |
Debating The Past | |
| |
| |
Do Historians Ever Get it Right? | |
| |
| |
Appendix | |
| |
| |
The Declaration of Independence | |
| |
| |
The Constitution of the United States of America | |
| |
| |
Amendments to the Constitution | |
| |
| |
Supplementary Reading | |
| |
| |
Present-day United States | |
| |
| |
Present-day World | |
| |
| |
Credits | |
| |
| |
Index | |