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| Reading and Its Assessment | |
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| The Many Sides of Reading | |
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| What Teachers Need to Know About Reading Assessment | |
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| The Reading Process and Reading Problems | |
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| Changing Trends in Assessment | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Assessment for Internal Audiences: On-Going Assessments | |
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| Running Records | |
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| Observations of Reading Behaviors and Strategies | |
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| Monitoring Types and Difficulty of Texts Read | |
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| Monitoring Spelling Progress | |
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| Monitoring Writing Progress | |
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| Assessment for Internal Audiences: Periodic In-Depth Assessments | |
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| Chapter Outline | |
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| Levels of Reading Ability | |
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| The Informal Reading Inventory | |
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| Administering an Informal Reading Inventory | |
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| Scoring an Informal Reading Inventory | |
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| Interpreting an Informal Reading Inventory | |
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| Supplementing Informal Assessments | |
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| Assessment for Internal Audiences: Portfolio Assessment | |
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| Chapter Outline | |
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| Perspectives on Authentic Assessment and Evaluation | |
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| Why Keep Portfolios? | |
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| Beginning a Portfolio Program | |
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| Keeping Portfolios | |
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| Evaluating Portfolios | |
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| Portfolio Conferences | |
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| Assessment for External Audiences: Formal Measures | |
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| Chapter Outline | |
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| Understanding Formal Measures | |
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| Characteristics of Tests | |
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| Interpreting Test Results | |
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| Norm-Referenced Tests | |
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| Criterion-Referenced Tests | |
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| State Standards and Assessment | |
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| Emergent and Beginning Literacy | |
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| Different Conceptions of Early Literacy | |
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| Understanding and Assessing Emergent and Beginning Literacy | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Assessing and Teaching Developing Readers | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Case Study | |
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| Phonics and Word Knowledge for Developing Readers | |
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| Words With Grammatical Affixes | |
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| Guiding Word Study | |
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| Developing Sight Vocabulary | |
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| Developing Reading Fluency | |
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| Developing Word Analysis Strategies | |
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| Vocabulary | |
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| Developing Reading Comprehension | |
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| Developing Listening Comprehension | |