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| Preface | |
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| Studying Social Problems in the Twenty-First Century | |
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| Using Sociological Insights to Study Social Problems | |
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| What Is a Social Problem? | |
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| The Sociological Imagination: Bringing Together the Personal and the Social | |
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| Social Problems and Social Policy: A Standoff on Gun Control Policy? | |
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| Do We Have a Problem? Subjective Awareness and Objective Reality | |
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| Critical Thinking and You: Determining What Constitutes a Social Problem | |
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| Using Social Theory to Analyze Social Problems | |
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| The Functionalist Perspective | |
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| The Conflict Perspective | |
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| The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective | |
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| Using Social Research Methods to Study Social Problems | |
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| Social Problems in the Media: "If It Bleeds, It Leads"? News Reporting on Violence | |
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| Field Research | |
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| Survey Research | |
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| Secondary Analysis of Existing Data | |
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| In Sum | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Questions for Critical Thinking | |
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| Wealth and Poverty: U.S. and Global Economic Inequalities | |
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| Wealth and Poverty in Global Perspective | |
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| Analyzing U.S. Class Inequality | |
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| Social Problems in Global Perspective: "Cheap Labor" and the Global Economy | |
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| Wealth versus Income Inequality | |
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| Divisions in the U.S. Class Structure | |
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| Poverty in the United States | |
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| Social Problems and Statistics: Poverty in the United States | |
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| The Poverty Line | |
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| Who Are the Poor? | |
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| Consequences of Poverty | |
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| Social Welfare in the United States | |
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| Social Problems and Social Policy: Following Up on Welfare Reform: Does One Size Fit All? | |
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| Explanations for Poverty | |
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| Can Class-Based Inequality Be Reduced? | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Questions for Critical Thinking | |
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| Racial and Ethnic Inequality | |
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| Racial and Ethnic Inequality as a Social Problem | |
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| What Are Race and Ethnicity? | |
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| "Official" Racial and Ethnic Classifications | |
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| Dominant and Subordinate Groups | |
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| Racism, Prejudice, and Discrimination | |
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| Social Problems in Global Perspective: The Polish Plumber in France: Negative Stereotypes about "Cheap Labor" | |
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| Perspectives on Racial and Ethnic Inequality | |
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| Social-Psychological Perspectives | |
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| Symbolic Interactionist Perspectives | |
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| Functionalist Perspectives | |
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| Social Problems in the Media: The Color of Mayhem: Racial Stereotyping, Sexism, and Violence in Video Games | |
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| Conflict Perspectives | |
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| Inequalities Among Racial and Ethnic Groups | |
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| Native Americans (American Indians) | |
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| African Americans | |
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| Latinos/as (Hispanic Americans) | |
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| Asian and Pacific Americans | |
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| Social Problems and Statistics: Accurate and Inaccurate Comparisons | |
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| Social Problems and Social Policy: Social Justice: Beyond Black and White | |
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| Summary | |
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| Can Racial and Ethnic Inequalities be Reduced? | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Questions for Critical Thinking | |
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| Gender Inequality | |
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| Gender Inequality as a Social Problem | |
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| Defining Sex and Gender | |
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| Biological and Social Bases for Gender Roles | |
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| Gender Inequality and Socialization | |
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| Gender Socialization by Parents | |
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| Peers and Gender Socialization | |
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| Critical Thinking and You: Does Class Position Influence How We Think About Gender? | |
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| Education and Gender Socialization | |
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| Sports and Gender Socialization | |
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| The Media and Gender Socialization | |
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| Social Problems and Social Policy: Title IX and Gender Quotas in College Sports? | |
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| Contemporary Gender Inequality | |
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| The Gendered Division of Paid Work | |
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| The Wage Gap | |
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| Sexual Harassment | |
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| The Glass Ceiling and the Glass Escalator | |
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| The Double Shift | |
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| Perspectives on Gender Inequality | |
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| The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective | |
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| The Functionalist Perspective | |
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| Conflict and Feminist Perspectives | |
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| Social Problems in Global Perspective: Missing Girls: Facing Up to the Problem in China | |
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| Global Gender Inequality | |
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| Can Gender Inequality in the United States be Reduced? | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Questions for Critical Thinking | |
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| Inequality Based on Age | |
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| Ageism as a Social Problem | |
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| Age-Based Stereotypes | |
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| Social Inequality and the Life Course | |
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| Social Problems in the Media: Middle-aged Women: Over the Hill and in Need of Repair? | |
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| Death and Dying | |
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| Social Problems and Statistics: Drawing the Wrong Conclusion | |
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| Problems Associated with Aging | |
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| Workplace Discrimination | |
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| Retirement and Changing Roles | |
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| Health, Illness, and Health Care | |
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| Social Problems and Social Policy: Government-Funded Health Care for Older People: Medicare | |
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| Victimization | |
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| Family Problems and Social Isolation | |
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| Housing Patterns and Long-Term Care Facilities | |
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| Perspectives on Aging and Social Inequality | |
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| The Functionalist Perspective | |
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| The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective | |
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| The Conflict Perspective | |
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| Can Age-Based Inequality be Reduced? | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Questions for Critical Thinking | |
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| Inequality Based on Sexual Orientation | |
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| Nature and Extent of Inequality Based on Sexual Orientation | |
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| Social Problems and Statistics: How Many Gays and Lesbians? | |
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| Ideological Bases of Inequality Based on Sexual Orientation | |
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| Religion and Sexual Orientation | |
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| Social Problems in the Media: Depictions of Gay Men and Lesbians: Accurate Portrayals in Television Programming? | |
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| Law and Sexual Orientation | |
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| Discrimination Based on Sexual Orientation | |
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| Lack of Marital Rights | |
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| Parental Rights | |
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| Social Problems and Social Policy: Should We Amend the U.S. Constitution to Define "Marriage"? | |
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| Housing Discrimination | |
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| Discrimination in Medical Care | |
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| Occupational Discrimination | |
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| Discrimination in the Military | |
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| Victimization and Hate Crimes | |
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| Perspectives on Sexual Orientation and Social Inequality | |
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| Biological and Psychological Perspectives | |
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| Symbolic Interactionist Perspectives | |
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| Functionalist and Conflict Perspectives | |
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| Can Inequalities Based on Sexual Orientation be Reduced? | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Questions for Critical Thinking | |
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| Prostitution, Pornography, and the Sex Industry | |
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| Deviance, the Sex Industry, and Social Problems | |
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| Prostitution in Global Perspective | |
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| The World's Oldest Profession? | |
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| The Global Sex Industry | |
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| Social Problems in Global Perspective: Economic Development or Childhood Sexual Slavery? | |
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| Health Aspects of Prostitution for Women | |
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| Prostitution in the United States | |
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| The Nature of Prostitution | |
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| The Extent of Prostitution | |
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| Social Problems and Statistics: What We Know and Don't Know about Prostitution | |
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| Prostitution and Age, Class, and Race | |
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| Sociological Perspectives on Prostitution | |
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| The Functionalist Perspective | |
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| The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective | |
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| The Conflict Perspective | |
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| Pornography | |
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| The Social Construction of Pornography as a Social Problem | |
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| The Nature and Extent of Pornography | |
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| Research on Pornography | |
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| Social Problems and Social Policy: The Issue of Real versus Virtual Actors in Internet Child Pornography | |
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| Pornography and Age, Gender, Class, and Race | |
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| The Future of Pornography and the Sex Industry | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Questions for Critical Thinking | |
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| Alcohol and Other Drugs | |
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| Drug Use and Abuse | |
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| Defining Drug Abuse | |
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| Drug Addiction | |
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| Alcohol Use and Abuse | |
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| Alcohol Consumption and Class, Gender, Age, and Race | |
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| Social Problems in the Media: The Two Faces of Alcohol: Framing Social Drinking and Alcoholism on TV Shows | |
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| Alcohol-Related Social Problems | |
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| Tobacco (Nicotine) Use as a Social Problem | |
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| Prescription Drugs, Over-the-Counter Drugs, and Caffeine | |
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| Prescription Drugs | |
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| Over-the-Counter Drugs | |
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| Caffeine | |
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| Illegal Drug Use and Abuse | |
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| Marijuana | |
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| Stimulants | |
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| Social Problems and Social Policy: The Battle over Marijuana: Medicalization or Legalization? | |
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| Depressants | |
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| Narcotics | |
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| Hallucinogens | |
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| Explanations of Drug Abuse | |
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| Biological Explanations | |
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| Psychological Explanations | |
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| Sociological Explanations | |
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| The Future of Alcohol and Drug Abuse | |
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| Prevention Programs | |
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| Treatment Programs | |
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| Critical Thinking and You: Calling on a Higher Power or Using Self-Reliance? Alcohol and Drug Abuse Programs | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Questions for Critical Thinking | |
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| Crime and Criminal Justice | |
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| Crime As a Social Problem | |
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| Problems with Official Statistics | |
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| Defining Crime and Delinquency | |
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| Types of Crimes | |
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| Violent Crime | |
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| Social Problems in the Media: Murder in the Media: Framing News Stories to Get Attention | |
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| Property Crime | |
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| Occupational (White-Collar) Crime | |
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| Corporate Crime | |
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| Social Problems in Global Perspective: Who Am I? Identity Theft in the Global Village | |
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| Organized Crime | |
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| Juvenile Delinquency | |
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| Who Commits Crimes? | |
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| Biological and Psychological Explanations of Crime | |
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| Biological Explanations | |
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| Psychological Explanations | |
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| Sociological Explanations of Crime | |
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| The Functionalist Perspective | |
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| The Conflict Perspective | |
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| The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective | |
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| The Criminal Justice System | |
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| The Police | |
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| The Courts | |
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| Punishment and the Prisons | |
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| The Death Penalty | |
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| Social Problems and Social Policy: Crime Prevention or the Prison-Industrial Complex? | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Questions for Critical Thinking | |
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| Health Care: Problems of Physical and Mental Illness | |
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| Health Care As a Social Problem | |
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| Acute and Chronic Diseases and Disability | |
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| Social Problems in Global Perspective: Global Enemies of Health: The Double Burden of Low-Income Nations | |
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| The AIDS Crisis | |
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| Mental Illness As a Social Problem | |
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| Treatment of Mental Illness | |
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| Race, Class, Gender, and Mental Disorders | |
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| The Crisis in U.S. Health Care | |
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| Health-Care Organization, Rising Costs, and Unequal Access | |
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| Social Problems and Social Policy: Who Pays for Health Care? A Brief Look at Canada, the United Kingdom, and Sweden | |
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| The Uninsured and the Underinsured | |
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| Race, Class, Gender, and Health Care | |
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| Social Problems and Statistics: Families without Health Insurance | |
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| Sociological Explanations for Health-Care Problems | |
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| The Functionalist Perspective | |
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| The Conflict Perspective | |
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| The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Questions for Critical Thinking | |
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| The Changing Family | |
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| The Nature of Families | |
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| Changing Family Structure and Patterns | |
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| Are U.S. Families in Decline? | |
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| Changing Views on Marriage and Families | |
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| Social Problems in Global Perspective: The Changing Family around the World | |
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| Sociological Perspectives on Family-Related Problems | |
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| Functionalist Perspectives | |
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| Conflict and Feminist Perspectives | |
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| Symbolic Interactionist Perspectives | |
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| Diversity in Intimate Relationships and Families | |
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| Singlehood | |
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| Postponing Marriage | |
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| Cohabitation and Domestic Partnerships | |
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| Dual-Earner Marriages | |
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| Comparing Two-Parent and One-Parent Households | |
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| Child-Related Family Issues | |
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| Reproductive Freedom, Contraception, and Abortion | |
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| Infertility and New Reproductive Technologies | |
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| Adoption | |
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| Teen Pregnancies and Unmarried Motherhood | |
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| Divorce and Remarriage | |
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| Social Problems and Statistics: The Odds of Getting Divorced | |
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| Domestic Violence | |
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| Child Abuse | |
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| Spouse Abuse | |
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| Social Responses to Domestic Violence | |
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| Family-Related Problems in the Twenty-First Century | |
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| Social Problems and Social Policy: Paying for Child Care? "It Takes a Village..." | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Questions for Critical Thinking | |
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| Problems in Education | |
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| Sociological Perspectives on Education | |
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| Functionalist Perspectives | |
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| Conflict Perspectives | |
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| Social Problems in Global Perspective: Education in Japan: Cramming for Success and Corporate Profits | |
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| Symbolic Interactionist Perspectives | |
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| Problems in U.S. Education | |
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| What Can Be Done about Illiteracy? | |
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| Immigration and Increasing Diversity in Schools | |
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| Educational Opportunities and Race, Class, and Gender | |
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| School Violence | |
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| Problems in School Financing | |
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| Social Problems in the Media: Ads and Obesity in the Classroom: Channel One | |
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| Problems in Higher Education | |
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| The Soaring Cost of a College Education | |
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| The Continuing Debate over Affirmative Action | |
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| Educational Problems in the Twenty-First Century | |
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| Social Problems and Statistics: Does Spending More Money Guarantee a Better Education? | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Questions for Critical Thinking | |
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| Problems in Politics and the Global Economy | |
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| Three Major Modern Economic Systems | |
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| Capitalism | |
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| Socialism | |
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| Mixed Economies | |
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| Problems in the Global Economy | |
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| Inequality Based on Uneven Economic Development | |
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| Transnational Corporations and the Lack of Accountability | |
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| Problems in the U.S. Economy | |
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| Concentration of Wealth | |
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| Social Problems in Global Perspective: The Malling of China: Transnational Corporations and Global Consumerism | |
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| The National Debt and Consumer Debt | |
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| Corporate Welfare | |
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| Critical Thinking and You: Are You a Conservative or a Liberal? The Language of the Political Economy | |
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| Problems in Political Participation Around the World | |
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| Problems in U.S. Politics | |
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| Voter Apathy and the Gender Gap | |
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| Politics and Money in Political Campaigns | |
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| Government by Special-Interest Groups | |
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| Social Problems and Social Policy: "He Who Pays the Piper, Calls the Piper's Tune?" Passing Campaign Finance Reform | |
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| Government by Bureaucracy | |
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| The Military-Industrial Complex | |
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| Sociological Perspectives on the Political Economy | |
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| The Functionalist Perspective | |
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| The Conflict Perspective | |
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| Problems in Politics and the Economy in the Twenty-First Century | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Questions for Critical Thinking | |
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| Problems in the Media | |
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| The Importance of the Media in Contemporary Life | |
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| The Political Economy of Media Industries | |
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| Media Ownership and Control | |
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| Problems Associated with Convergence | |
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| Global Media Issues | |
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| Critical Thinking and You: Where Does Your News Come From? Should You Care? | |
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| Social Problems in Global Perspective: Skewed Depictions of Africa in the Media | |
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| Potential Media Effects | |
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| Aggression, Violence, and the Media | |
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| Perpetuation of Race and Gender Stereotypes in the Media | |
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| Sociological Perspectives on Media-Related Problems | |
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| The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective | |
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| The Functionalist Perspective | |
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| The Conflict Perspective | |
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| The Media in the Twenty-First Century | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Questions for Critical Thinking | |
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| Population, Global Inequality, and the Environmental Crisis | |
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| Global Overpopulation | |
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| Population Growth | |
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| The Impact of Population Growth | |
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| Social Problems in Global Perspective: International Migration: Problem or Solution? | |
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| World Hunger | |
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| Controlling Fertility | |
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| Family Planning | |
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| Zero Population Growth | |
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| Immigration and Its Consequences | |
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| Population and the Environment | |
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| Social Problems in the Media: Children in the Trunk? Framing Ads to Discourage Illegal Border Crossings | |
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| Economic Growth and Environmental Degradation | |
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| Air Pollution | |
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| Problems with Water, Soil, and Forests | |
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| Solid, Toxic, and Nuclear Wastes | |
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| Sociological Perspectives on Population and the Environment | |
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| The Functionalist Perspective | |
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| Critical Thinking and You: Do We Have a Problem or Not? Learning from Environmental Sociology | |
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| The Conflict Perspective | |
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| The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective | |
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| Population and the Environment in the Twenty-First Century | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Questions for Critical Thinking | |
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| Urban Problems | |
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| Changes in U.S. Cities | |
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| Early Urban Growth and Social Problems | |
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| Contemporary Urban Growth | |
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| Urban Problems in the United States | |
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| Fiscal Crisis in the Cities | |
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| The Crisis in Health Care | |
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| Housing Problems | |
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| Social Problems in the Media: Media Framing of Stories about Homelessness and the Holidays | |
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| Social Problems and Social Policy: Persons Living with HIV/AIDS and Homelessness: What Should the Government Do? | |
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| Racial and Ethnic Segregation | |
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| Problems in Global Cities | |
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| Sociological Perspectives on Urban Problems | |
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| The Functionalist Perspective | |
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| The Conflict Perspective | |
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| The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective | |
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| Urban Problems in the Twenty-First Century | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Questions for Critical Thinking | |
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| Global Social Problems: War and Terrorism | |
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| War As a Social Problem | |
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| The Nature of War | |
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| The Consequences of War | |
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| Social Problems in the Media: "Weapons of Mass Destruction": Political Spin and Media Framing of a War | |
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| Military Technology and War | |
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| Global Terrorism | |
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| Terrorism in the United States | |
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| Explanations of War and Terrorism | |
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| Biological Perspectives | |
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| Psychological Perspectives | |
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| Sociological Explanations | |
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| The Conflict and Symbolic Interactionist Perspectives | |
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| War and Terrorism in the Twenty-First Century | |
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| Social Problems and Social Policy: Does the USA Patriot Act Protect Us or Threaten Our Liberties? Ask Your Librarian | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Questions for Critical Thinking | |
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| Can Social Problems Be Solved? | |
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| Social Problems in the Media: Covering the Hurricane Katrina Disaster: Journalists as Advocates in New Orleans | |
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| The Problem with Tackling Social Problems | |
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| Social Change and Reducing Social Problems | |
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| Microlevel Attempts to Solve Social Problems | |
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| Seeking Individual Solutions to Personal Problems | |
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| Limitations on the Microlevel Solutions Approach | |
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| Midrange Attempts to Solve Social Problems | |
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| Groups That Help People Cope with Their Problems | |
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| Grassroots Groups That Work for Community-Based Change | |
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| Limitations on the Midlevel Solutions Approach | |
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| Macrolevel Attempts to Solve Social Problems | |
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| Working through Special-Interest Groups for Political Change | |
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| Working through National and International Social Movements to Reduce Problems | |
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| Limitations of the Macrolevel Solution Approach | |
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| Final Review of Social Theories and Social Problems | |
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| Critical Thinking and You: Applying Sociology to the Ordinary and the Extraordinary in Everyday Life | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Questions for Critical Thinking | |
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| Glossary | |
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| References | |
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| Name Index | |
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| Subject Index | |
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| Credits | |