| |
| |
All chapters conclude with "Chapter Excercise," | |
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| |
Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
Glossary of Key Terms. | |
| |
| |
Preface | |
| |
| |
| |
Understanding Cross-Cultural Psychology | |
| |
| |
What Is Cross-Cultural Psychology? | |
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| |
Basic Definitions | |
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| |
Cultural Traditionalism | |
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| |
Empirical Examination of Culture | |
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| |
Collectivism and Individualism: Further Research | |
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| |
Cultural Syndromes | |
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| |
Sociobiological Approach | |
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| |
Sociological Approach | |
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| |
Ecocultural Approach | |
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| |
The Cultural Mixtures Approach: A New Cross-Cultural Psychology in the 21st Century? | |
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| |
The Integrative Approach: A Summary | |
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| |
What Is Indigenous Psychology? | |
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| |
What Is Ethnocentrism? | |
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| |
What Is Multiculturalism? | |
| |
| |
A Brief History of the Field | |
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| |
Methodology of Cross-Cultural Research | |
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| |
Goals of Cross-Cultural Research | |
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| |
Quantitative Research in Cross-Cultural Psychology | |
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| |
Quantitative Approach: Measurement Scales | |
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| |
Quantitative Approach: Looking for Links and Differences | |
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| |
Qualitative Approach in Cross-Cultural Psychology | |
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| |
Major Steps for Preparation of a Cross-Cultural Study | |
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| |
Sample Selection | |
| |
| |
Observation in Cross-Cultural Psychology | |
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| |
Survey Methods | |
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| |
Experimental Studies | |
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| |
Content Analysis | |
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| |
Focus-Group Methodology | |
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| |
Meta-Analysis: Research of Research | |
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| |
A Hidden Obstacle of Cross-Cultural Studies: Test Translation | |
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| |
Comparing Two Phenomena: Some Important Principles | |
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| |
On Similarities and Differences: Some Critical Thinking Applications | |
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| |
Cultural Dichotomies | |
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| |
Avoiding Bias of Generalizations | |
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| |
Know More About Cultures You Examine! | |
| |
| |
| |
Critical Thinking in Cross-Cultural Psychology | |
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| |
The Evaluative Bias of Language | |
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| |
To Describe Is to Prescribe | |
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| |
Differentiating Dichotomous Variables and Continuous Variables: Black and White, or Shades of Grey? | |
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| |
The Similarity-Uniqueness Paradox: All Phenomena Are Both Similar and Different. | |
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| |
The Barnum Effect: "One Size-Fits-All" Descriptions | |
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| |
The Assimilation Bias: Viewing the World through Schema-Colored Glasses | |
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| |
The Representativeness Bias: Fits and Misfits of Categorization | |
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| |
The Availability Bias: The Persuasive Power of Vivid Events | |
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| |
The Fundamental Attribution Error: Underestimating the Impact of External Influences | |
| |
| |
The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy: When Expectations Create Reality | |
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| |
Correlation Does Not Prove Causation: Confusing "What" with "Why." | |
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| |
Bi-Directional Causation and Multiple Causation: Causal Loops and Compound Pathways | |
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| |
The Naturalistic Fallacy: Blurring the Line Between "Is" and "Should." | |
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| |
The Belief Perseverance Effect: "Don't Confuse Me with the Facts! " | |
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| |
Conclusions: "To Metathink or Not to Metathink?" | |
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| |
| |
Cognition: Sensation and Perception, and States of Consciousness | |
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| |
Sensation and Perception: Basic Principles | |
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| |
How Culture Influences What We Perceive | |
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| |
How People Perceive Depictions | |
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| |
Perception of Depth | |
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| |
Are People Equally Misled by Visual Illusions? | |
| |
| |
Some Cultural Patterns of Drawing Pictures | |
| |
| |
Perception of Color | |
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| |
Other Senses | |
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| |
Perception of Time | |
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| |
Perception of the Beautiful | |
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| |
Perception of Music | |
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| |
Consciousness and Culture | |
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| |
Sleep and Cultural Significance of Dreams | |
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| |
Beyond Altered States of Consciousness | |
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| |
Intelligence | |
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| |
Defining Intelligence | |
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| |
Ethnic Differences in IQ Scores | |
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| |
Explaining Group Differences in Test Scores: Intelligence and Intelligent Behavior. | |
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| |
Do Biological Factors Contribute to Intelligence? | |
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| |
Incompatibility of Tests: Cultural Biases | |
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| |
A Word about ldquo;Cultural Literacy | |
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| |
Environment and Intelligence. | |
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| |
Socioeconomic Factors | |
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| |
The Family Factor | |
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| |
Natural Selectionrdquo; and IQ Scores? | |
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| |
Cultural Values of Cognition | |
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| |
General Cognition: What Is ldquo;Underneathrdquo; Intelligence? | |
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| |
Cognitive Skills, School Grades, and Educational Systems | |
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| |
Culture, Tests, and Motivation | |
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| |
IQ, Culture, and Social Justice And in the End, Moral Values | |
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| |
Emotion | |
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| |
When We Laugh We Are Happy: Similarities of Emotional Experience | |
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| |
You Cannot Explain Pain if You Have Never Been Hurt: Differences in Emotional Experience | |
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| |
Emotions: Different or Universal? | |
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| |
Physiological Arousal | |
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| |
The Meaning of Preceding Events | |
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| |
Emotion as an Evaluation | |
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| |
We Are Expected to Feel in a Particular Way | |
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| |
How people Assess Emotional Experience | |
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| |
When Emotions Signal a Challenge: Cross-Cultural Research on Stress and Anxiety. | |
| |
| |
Expression of Emotion | |
| |
| |
When Emotion Hurts: Cross-Cultural Studies of Anger | |
| |
| |
Emotion and Inclination to Act | |
| |
| |
Emotion and Judgment. | |
| |
| |
| |
Motivation and Behavior | |
| |
| |
Sociobiology: A Glance into Evolution | |
| |
| |
Social Science: See the Society First | |
| |
| |
Drive and Arousal: Two Universal Mechanisms of Motivation. | |
| |
| |
The Power of the Unconscious: Psychoanalysis | |
| |
| |
Humanistic Th | |