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| Preface | |
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| Selection, Recruitment, and Training | |
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| Recruitment and Selection | |
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| The Traditional Approach | |
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| The First Fifty Years of Professional Policing | |
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| Reforming the Police: Recruitment and Selection as a First Step | |
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| The Emergence of Selection Procedures: Elements of a Standard Process | |
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| Current Issues and Controversies | |
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| Recruitment | |
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| Basic Requirements | |
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| Selection Tests | |
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| Other Current Issues in Recruitment and Selection | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| References | |
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| Scholar's Perspective: The Challenge of Police Recruitment | |
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| Training the Police | |
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| Craft Versus Profession | |
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| Policing as a Craft | |
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| Policing as a Profession | |
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| Finding the Middle Ground: Reducing the Gap between the Academy and the Street | |
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| The Need for Training and Education | |
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| Police Academy Training | |
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| Historical Perspective | |
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| The Traditional Academy Model | |
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| Shortcomings of the Traditional Academy Training | |
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| Field Training Officer Programs | |
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| The San Jose Model | |
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| The Benefits of an FTO Program | |
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| Performance Evaluation of Rookies | |
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| Selecting the Field Training Officers | |
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| An Example of an FTO Program | |
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| In-Service Training | |
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| Specialized Training | |
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| Management Training | |
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| Current Issues | |
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| Changing the Traditional Police Academy Pedagogy: Andragogy | |
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| Training in Community/Problem-Oriented Policing | |
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| Multicultural/Diversity Training | |
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| Stress Management Training | |
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| Domestic Violence Training | |
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| Training in Handling the Mentally Ill | |
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| Training in Communication and Writing | |
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| Technology and Training | |
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| Counterterrorism Training | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| References | |
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| Scholar's Perspective: Police Training in America | |
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| New Philosophies and Strategies | |
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| Developing the Professional Policing Model | |
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| The Origins of Professional Policing: Sir Robert Peel and the Metropolitan London Police | |
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| The Impetus for Change in London | |
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| Sir Robert Peel and the Metropolitan Police Act of 1829 | |
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| The Need for Development of Professional Policing in the United States | |
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| U.S. Policing in the Nineteenth Century | |
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| Who Became Police Officers and How Did They Get the Job? | |
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| The Activities of the Nineteenth-Century U.S. Police Officer | |
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| Corruption and Brutality | |
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| Reforming the Police | |
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| A First Attempt at Reform | |
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| A Second Effort at Police Reform | |
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| Cracks in the Foundation of the Professional Police Model | |
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| A Partial Success | |
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| Signs of Trouble: Prohibition and the Wickersham Commission | |
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| The Police Subculture and the Working Personality | |
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| The 1950s and 1960s: National Crisis and the Police | |
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| The Research Revolution | |
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| Fallout from the 1960s: Policing Comes Full Circle | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| References | |
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| Scholar's Perspective: Populism, Politics, and the Struggle for Police Professionalism in the United States | |
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| New Policing Philosophies and Strategies | |
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| Problem-Oriented Policing | |
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| Theoretical Foundations | |
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| The Basic Elements of Problem-Oriented Policing: The SARA Model | |
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| Characteristics of the Problem-Oriented Police Department | |
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| Diffusion: How Widespread Is Problem-Oriented Policing? | |
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| Research on the Effectiveness of Problem-Oriented Policing | |
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| Limitations and Questions | |
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| Community-Oriented Policing | |
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| Theoretical Foundations | |
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| Core Features of Community Policing | |
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| Diffusion | |
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| Research on the Effectiveness of Community Policing | |
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| Limitations and Questions | |
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| Compstat | |
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| Background | |
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| The Stages of CompStat | |
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| The Six Core Components | |
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| Diffusion and Impact of CompStat | |
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| Zero Tolerance Policing | |
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| The Principles of Zero Tolerance Policing | |
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| The Impact of Zero Tolerance Policing | |
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| Cop, Pop, Compstat, and Zero Tolerance: Similarities and Differences | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| References | |
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| Scholar's Perspective: The Brooklyn North Neighborhood Safety Project | |
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| Police Management and Operations | |
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| The Police Organization | |
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| The Police Bureaucracy | |
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| Bureaucracy and the Police | |
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| The Quasi-Military Style of Policing | |
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| Civil Service | |
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| Police Unions | |
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| Function and Structure of the Police Organization | |
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| Functions of the Police | |
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| Structure of the Police Organization | |
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| Supervision and Leadership | |
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| Current Issues in Police Management and Organization | |
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| Alternative Organizational Methods | |
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| Manpower and Resource Shortages | |
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| Militarization of the Police | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| References | |
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| Scholar's Perspective: Restructuring of the City of Paterson, New Jersey, Police Department | |
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| Police Field Work | |
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| Police and the Law | |
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| Key Legal Principles and Issues from the Bill of Rights: Search, Seizure, and Arrest | |
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| Current Issues and Controversies Involving the Law | |
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| Discretion and Decision Making | |
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| Defining and Discovering Discretion | |
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| The Context of Police Decision Making | |
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| The Factors that Influence Police Decisions | |
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| Understanding the Complexity of Police Decision Making | |
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| Building on What We Know: Increasing the Rationality of Police Decision Making | |
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| New (and Some Old) Crime Problems | |
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| Drugs and Gangs | |
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| Policing Domestic Violence | |
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| Police and the Mentally Ill | |
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| Identity Theft and Computer Crime | |
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| Terrorism | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| References | |
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| Scholar's Perspective: The Police and Sex Offenders | |
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| Measuring Police Performance | |
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| The Unclear Police Mandate | |
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| Traditional Measures of Police Performance | |
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| The Numbers Game | |
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| Summary | |
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| New Measures of Police Performance | |
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| At the Department Level | |
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| At the Individual Officer Level | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| References | |
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| Practitioner's Perspective: Measuring Police Officer Performance in the NYPD | |
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| Police Misconduct and Accountability | |
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| Police Misconduct | |
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| Defining and Measuring Police Misconduct | |
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| Police Crime | |
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| Occupational Deviance | |
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| Corruption | |
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| Abuse of Authority | |
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| U.S. Policing and Misconduct: History, Prevalence, and Consequences | |
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| The History of U.S. Policing and Misconduct | |
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| How Prevalent Is Police Misconduct Today? | |
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| The Consequences of Police Misconduct | |
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| Theoretical Frameworks for Understanding Police Misconduct | |
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| The Rotten Apple Theory | |
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| Structural Explanations | |
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| The Persistent Problems for Police | |
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| Abuse of Authority | |
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| Corruption | |
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| Prejudice and Discrimination | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| References | |
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| Scholar's Perspective: Police Pursuit: Policies and Training | |
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| Police Accountability: Internal Mechanisms | |
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| Internal Control Mechanisms | |
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| Careful Recruitment and Selection of Personnel | |
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| Police Training | |
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| Supervision | |
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| Administrative Guidance | |
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| Internal Affairs | |
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| Integrity Tests | |
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| Early Warning Systems | |
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| Accreditation | |
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| Changing the Subculture | |
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| The Central Role of the Chief | |
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| Police Field Work | |
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| Measuring Police Performance | |
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| Police Deviance and Responding to It | |
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| Technology | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| References | |
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| Scholar's Perspective: COPS and CSI: Reality Television? | |
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| Index | |