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| Preface | |
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| Light: The Medium | |
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| The Nature of Light | |
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| What is Light? | |
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| The Electromagnetic Spectrum | |
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| The Visible Spectrum | |
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| Illuminance and Luminance[[emdash]]Five Metrics | |
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| Luminous Flux | |
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| Illuminance | |
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| Luminous Intensity | |
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| Luminance | |
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| Luminous Exitance | |
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| The Eye and Seeing | |
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| Physiology of the Eye | |
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| The Controllable Qualities of Light | |
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| Intensity | |
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| Distribution | |
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| Color | |
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| Movement | |
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| Designer Profile: Ken Billington | |
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| Functions of Lighting | |
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| Visibility | |
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| Establishing a Scene | |
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| Modeling | |
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| Mood | |
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| Focus | |
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| Composition | |
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| Style | |
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| Staging the Story | |
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| Ryhthm | |
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| For Further Reading | |
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| Light and Perception | |
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| Visibility | |
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| Intensity or Brightness | |
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| Relative Intensity | |
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| Psychological Responses | |
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| Intensity Related Issues | |
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| Mood Alteration | |
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| Overstimulation | |
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| Glare | |
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| Color Perception | |
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| Adaptation | |
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| Defining Form and Shape | |
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| Front Light | |
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| Sidelight | |
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| Downlight and Backlight | |
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| Designer Profile Marilyn Lowey | |
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| Key and Fill | |
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| Silhouettes and Grazing | |
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| Shape | |
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| Composition | |
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| Movement and Light | |
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| Cues and Transitions | |
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| For Further Reading | |
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| Color and Its Effects | |
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| What is Color? | |
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| The Visible Spectrum | |
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| Primary Colors | |
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| CIE Chromaticity Chart | |
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| Color Temperature | |
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| Color Rendering | |
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| Additive and Subtractive Mixing | |
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| Additive Mixing | |
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| Subtractive Mixing | |
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| Filtering Light | |
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| Color Media | |
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| Plastic Media | |
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| Spectral Analysis of Gel | |
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| Glass Media | |
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| Dichroic Filters | |
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| Diffusion | |
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| Creating Color Through Light | |
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| Color Prediction | |
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| Red Shift/Amber Drift | |
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| Complementary Tint System | |
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| Psychological Effects of Color | |
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| Color Contrast | |
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| Adaptation and Afterimages | |
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| Practical Use of Color in Lighting Design | |
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| Designer Considerations for Color and Light | |
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| Designer Profile Mark Stanley | |
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| For Further Reading | |
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| Light: The Tools | |
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| The Practitioners Theatrical and Live Performance Production | |
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| Design Professionals | |
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| Designer Profile John Martin | |
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| Theatrical Crews | |
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| Film and Video | |
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| Design Professionals | |
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| Production Crews | |
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| Architectural Lighting | |
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| Unions and Certifications | |
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| Professional Organizations and Societies | |
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| For Further Reading | |
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| Electricity | |
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| Basics of Electricity | |
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| Atomic Theory | |
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| Electrical Potential | |
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| Grounding | |
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| Fundamental Circuits | |
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| Conductors and Insulators | |
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| Series Circuits | |
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| Parallel Circuits | |
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| Units of Measurement and the Essential Formulas | |
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| Units of Measure | |
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| Power Formula and Ohm's Law | |
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| Determination of Lamp Load | |
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| Direct Current Verses Alternating Current | |
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| Direct Current | |
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| AC Power Generation | |
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| Transformers | |
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| Power Distribution | |
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| Electrical Services | |
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| Electrical Hardware | |
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| Wire | |
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| Cables | |
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| Circuit Protection | |
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| Switches | |
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| Dimmers | |
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| Company Switches and Distribution Panels | |
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| Commercial Distribution | |
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| Theatrical Distribution | |
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| Electrical Safety | |
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| For Further Reading | |
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| Lamps and Other Light Sources | |
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| Lumens and Lamp Life | |
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| Lamps and Color | |
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| Incandescent Lamps | |
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| Filaments | |
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| Bulbs | |
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| Bases | |
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| Light Center Length (LCL) | |
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| Tungsten-Halogen or Quartz Lamps | |
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| Arc Light Sources | |
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| Limelight | |
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| Carbon-Arc | |
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| Short-Arc and High-Intensity Discharge (HID) Lamps | |
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| Short-Arc Lamps | |
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| High-Intensity Discharge (HID) Lamps | |
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| Gaseous Discharge Lamps | |
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| Fluorescent Lamps | |
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| Low -Voltage Lamps | |
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| ANSI Codes | |
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| LEDs | |
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| Lasers | |
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| For Further Reading | |
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| Luminaire Fundamentals | |
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| Basic Principles of Optics | |
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| Reflection | |
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| Transmission | |
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| Refraction | |
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| An Essential Luminaire | |
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| Luminaire Maintenance | |
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| Photometics | |
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| Beam Angle and Field Angle | |
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| Photometric Data and Cut Sheets | |
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| Choosing Luminaires | |
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| Entertainment Luminaires | |
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| Spotlights | |
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| Followspots | |
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| Followspot Pickup Techniques | |
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| Floodlights | |
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| Optical Accessories | |
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| Hanging Accessories | |
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| Practicals | |
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| For Further Reading | |
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| Control Fundamentals | |
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| Brightness Control and Dimming | |
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| Circuiting | |
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| Mastering | |
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| Mechanical Mastering | |
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| Elecrical Mastering | |
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| Electronic Mastering | |
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| Principles of Electronic Dimming | |
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| Gating | |
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| Dimmer Curves and Trimming | |
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| New Trends in Electronic Dimming (Sine Wave Dimming) | |
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| Control Protocols | |
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| Analog Control | |
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| Digital Control | |
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| Lighting Control Consoles | |
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| Preset Control | |
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| Common Control Functions of Preset Consoles | |
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| Rock and Roll Console Features | |
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| Memory Control | |
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| Additional Controls in Computer Consoles | |
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| Automated Control Consoles | |
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| Show Control | |
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| State of the Art Control | |
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| Dimmer-per-Circuit | |
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| Multiplexing (Dimmer DoublingTM) | |
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| Distributed Dimming | |
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| Wireless Dimming | |
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| For Further Reading | |
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| Advanced Equipment and Personal Computers in Lighting | |
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| Primary Control of Advanced Gear | |
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| DMX Control | |
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| Binary Code and Addressing | |
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| Ten Practical Tips for Setting up DMX Networks | |
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| Several Programming Tips for Working with Automated Lighting | |
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| Sophisticated Control of Advanced Gear | |
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| Accessories for Conventional Luminaires | |
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| Scrollers | |
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| Moving Yokes | |
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| Moving Mirror Accessories | |
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| Gobo Rotators | |
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| Automated Lighting | |
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| Common Automated Lighting Effect Cues | |
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| Moving Heads (Moving Yokes) | |
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| Scanners (Moving Mirrors) | |
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| Non-traditional Sources | |
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| Ballasted Fixtures | |
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| Strobes | |
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| Fiber Optics | |
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| LEDs | |
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| Lasers | |
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| The Personal Computer | |
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| CAD and Drafting Applications | |
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| Design Paperwork | |
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| Control and Off-line Editing | |
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| Communication and Training | |
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| Design Analysis | |
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| Visualization | |
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| For Further Reading | |
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| Light: Design Fundamentals | |
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| Essentials of Lighting Design | |
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| Special Considerations in Lighting Design | |
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| Directors and Collaboration | |
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| The Influences of Light | |
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| Controllable Quantities of Light | |
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| Functions of Lighting | |
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| Designer Profile: Brian MacDevitt | |
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| Analysis for Lighting | |
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| Script Analysis and Entertainment Designs | |
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| Scenic Breakdown of Arthur Miller's The Crucible | |
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| Style in Lighting | |
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| Conceptualization | |
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| Additional Preparation | |
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| Design Research | |
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| Design and Production Meetings | |
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| Rehearsals | |
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| Developing Lighting Schemes and Concepts | |
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| Lighting Keys | |
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| Communicating Design Ideas | |
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| Storyboards | |
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| Lighting Scores | |
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| Light Labs | |
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| Computer Visualization | |
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| For Further Reading | |
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| Basics of General Illumination | |
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| Lighting the Subject Typical Theatrical Lighting Positions Proscenium Theatre | |
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| Hanging Positions and Lighting Distribution | |
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| Black Box Theatre | |
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| Variations | |
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| Floorplans and Sections | |
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| Basics of General Illumination or Area Lighting | |
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| Primary Formula Approaches for Area Lighting | |
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| Single Source System | |
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| Wash System | |
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| The McCandless System | |
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| Double or Triple Hanging | |
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| Area versus Color Control | |
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| Alternative Systems for Area Lighting | |
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| Key and Fill | |
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| The Washed Stage | |
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| Zone Lighting | |
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| Jewel Lighting | |
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| Building on General Lighting | |
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| Focus Patterns for Common Wash Systems | |
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| Special Areas | |
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| Sculpting and Modeling Accents | |
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| Blending and Toning Accents | |
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| Motivational Accents | |
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| Additional Lighting Demands | |
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| Special Visibility | |
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| Lighting Costumes | |
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| Lighting for Scenery | |
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| Effects Lighting | |
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| Designer Profile Jeff Davis | |
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| For Further Reading | |
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| Plotting the Design | |
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| Translating Concepts and Lighting Keys into Practical Design Choices | |
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| Working with Floorplans and Sections | |
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| Floorplans or Groundplans | |
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| Sections | |
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| An Approach to Plotting a Design | |
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| Preliminary Tasks/Preparation | |
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| Rehearsals | |
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| The Wish List | |
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| Making a Design Practical | |
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| The Tentative Hookup | |
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| The Rough Light Plot | |
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| Drafting and the Lighting Design | |
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| Drafting Light Plots | |
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| Common Numbering Practices | |
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| Drafting the Section | |
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| Lighting Schedules and Design Paperwork | |
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| Hookup | |
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| Instrument Schedule | |
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| Magic Sheets | |
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| Shop Orders | |
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| CAD Drafting and Lighting Design | |
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| For Further Reading | |
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| Moving into the Venue | |
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| Final Preparations for the Load-in | |
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| The Cue Synopsis | |
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| The Load-in | |
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| A Typical Load-in Schedule | |
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| The Focus Call | |
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| The Level Setting or Cue Writing Session | |
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| Cueing Aids for Memory Consoles | |
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| Cueing Aids | |
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| Rehearsals in the Venue | |
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| Technical Rehearsals | |
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| Dress Rehearsals, Previews, and Openings | |
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| Running and Maintaining the Production | |
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| Designer Profile Beverly Emmons | |
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| For Further Reading | |
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| Variations on Essential Theatrical Design | |
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| Thrust and Arena Productions | |
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| Thrust Productions | |
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| Arena Productions | |
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| Outdoor Dramas and Festival Productions | |
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| Transfer Productions | |
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| Touring Productions | |
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| Repertory Productions | |
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| Designing for Specific Genre | |
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| Designer Profile F. Mitchell Dana | |
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| For Further Reading | |
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| Light: Design Applications | |
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| Traditional Areas of Theatrical Design (Drama, Dance, Opera, and Musical Theatre) | |
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| Lighting for Drama | |
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| Performance Considerations | |
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| Design Techniques | |
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| Dance Lighting | |
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| Performance Considerations | |
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| Design Techniques | |
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| Designer Profile Jennifer Tipton | |
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| Opera and Operetta Lighting | |
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| Performance Considerations | |
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| Design Techniques | |
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| Lighting Musical Theatre | |
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| Performance Considerations | |
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| Design Techniques | |
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| Common Musical Theatre Cueing Terminology | |
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| For Further Reading | |
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| Non-Traditional Entertainment Design | |
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| The Music Scene (Revues, Clubs, and Concert Lighting) | |
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| Musical Revues | |
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| Nightclubs and Dance Club Lighting | |
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| Concert Lighting | |
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| Designer Profile James L. Moody | |
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| The Spectacle Performance | |
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| Headline Acts | |
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| Arena Productions and Stadium Productions | |
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| Designer Profile Jeff Ravitz | |
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| Dedicated Venues | |
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| Additional Areas of Spectacle | |
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| Trade Shows, Industrials, and Corporate Events | |
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| Corporate Mentality | |
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| Designer Profile Betsy Adams | |
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| Film and Video Basics | |
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| Light and the Camera | |
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| Key and Fill Light | |
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| Control Elements | |
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| Key Elelments in Film/Video Illumination | |
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| Three-Point Lighting | |
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| Designer Profile William L. Klages | |
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| For Further Reading | |
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| Additional Lighting Applications | |
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| Retail and Exhibit Lighting | |
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| Lighting Layers | |
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| Essentials of Retail and Museum/Gallery Lighting | |
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| Designer Profile Cindy Limauro | |
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| Architectural Lighting | |
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| Unique Qualities and Demands of Architectural Lighting | |
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| Architectural Luminaire Classifications | |
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| Key Elements in Architectural General Illumination | |
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| The Architectural Lighting Design Process | |
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| Lighting Design Questions | |
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| Designer Profile Robert Shook | |
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| Daylighting | |
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| Lighting Green and Lighting Economics | |
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| Landscape Lighting | |
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| Lighting Landscapes | |
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| Essential Approaches to Lighting Landscapes | |
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| Principles of Landscape Lighting | |
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| Themed Design and Specialty Lighting | |
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| The Story | |
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| Development of a Themed Project | |
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| Considerations of Themed (Specialty) Lighting Design | |
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| Designer Profile Tom Ruzika | |
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| Virtual Lighting (Renderings, Virtual Reality, Gaming, etc.) | |
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| Virtual Design | |
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| Designer Profile Chris Wells | |
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| Virtual Light Sources | |
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| Lighting Techniques for Virtual Lighting | |
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| Designer Profile Christopher Higgins | |
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| For Further Reading | |
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| Projections and Lighting | |
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| A Brief History of Projection | |
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| Projection Considerations | |
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| Considerations of Projection Design | |
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| Elements of Projection | |
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| Front or Rear Projection? | |
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| Traditional Projection Equipment | |
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| Lensless Projectors | |
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| Lens Projectors | |
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| The Ellipsoidal Reflector Spotlight (ERS) | |
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| The 35mm Projector | |
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| Calculations Regarding Projectors and Lenses | |
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| Scenic Projectors | |
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| Slides and Source Materials | |
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| Projection Screens | |
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| Front-Projection Screens | |
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| Rear-Projection Screens | |
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| Practical Issues of Projection | |
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| Two Critical Considerations (Path and Balance) | |
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| Spill and Ambient Light | |
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| Image Size | |
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| Distortion | |
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| Keystone Correction | |
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| Mathematical Grid for Keystone Correction | |
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| Digital Projectors and Lights, LCD/LED Screens, and Media Severs | |
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| Lasers and Effects Projection | |
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| Convergence | |
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| For Further Reading | |
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| Light: Online Application Chapters | |
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| The Music Scene (Revues, Clubs, and Concert Lighting) | |
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| Musical Revues | |
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| Evolution of Club and Concert Lighting | |
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| Nightclubs and Dance Club Lighting | |
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| Unique Issues in Concert Lighting | |
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| Touring Successfully | |
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| Concert Gear | |
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| Plotting Principles for Concert Lighting | |
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| Cueing Principles for Musical Events and Concerts | |
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| For Further Reading | |
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| The Spectacle Performance | |
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| Headline Acts | |
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| Arena Productions | |
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| Stadium Productions | |
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| Specialty Shows with Spectacle | |
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| Dedicated Venues | |
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| Additional Areas of Spectacle | |
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| For Further Reading | |
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| Trade Shows, Industrials, and Corporate Events | |
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| Trade Shows | |
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| Fashion Shows | |
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| Corporate Meetings | |
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| Industrials | |
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| For Further Reading | |
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| Film and Video Basics | |
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| Unique Qualities of Film and Video | |
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| Light and the Camera | |
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| Latitude and Contrast Ratios | |
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| Light Meters | |
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| Film and Video Luminaires | |
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| Lighting Accessories Film and Video Control ElementsFilters, Color Correction, and Diffusion | |
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| Film/Video Studios and Sound Stages | |
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| Film/Video Production Practices | |
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| Key Elements in Film/Video Illumination | |
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| Three-Point Lighting | |
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| Following Source | |
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| Area Lighting for Film and Video | |
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| Special Cases of Lighting for Film and Video | |
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| For Further Reading | |
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| Display/Retail and Exhibit/Museum Lighting | |
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| Essentials of Display and Exhibit Lighting | |
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| Lighting Layers | |
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| Principles of Retail Lighting | |
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| Display Cabinets | |
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| Window Displays | |
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| Essentials of Museum and Gallery Lighting | |
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| Exposure and Conservation | |
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| Daylighting in Museums and Galleries | |
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| Energy Efficiency, Economics, and Maintenance | |
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| For Further Reading | |
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| Architectural Lighting | |
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| Unique Qualities/Demands of Architectural Lighting | |
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| Architectural Luminaire Classifications | |
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| Ballasts and Architectural Control Elements | |
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| Architectural Hanging/Mounting Positions | |
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| Architectural Lighting Techniques | |
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| Lighting Calculations | |
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| The Architectural Lighting Design Process | |
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| Lighting Layouts and Design Documentation | |
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| Daylighting | |
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| Lighting Green and Lighting Economics | |
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| Examples of Interior Lighting | |
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| Examples of Exterior Lighting | |
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| For Further Reading | |
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| Landscape Lighting | |
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| Lighting Landscapes | |
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| Essential Approaches to Lighting Landscapes | |
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| Distribution Patterns in Landscape Lighting | |
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| Principles of Landscape Lighting | |
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| Line-Voltage versus 12-Volt Lighting Systems | |
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| Voltage Drop | |
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| Fighting the Elements | |
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| Landscape Luminaires and Accessories | |
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| Control of Landscape Lighting | |
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| The Design Process and Documentation | |
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| Lighting Exteriors and Buildings as Landscape Design | |
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| Landscape Lighting on a Grand Scale | |
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| For Further Reading | |
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| Themed Design | |
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| Themed versus Amusement Entertainment | |
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| History of Themed Entertainment | |
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| The Story | |
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| Development of a Themed Project | |
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| Considerations of Themed (Specialty) Lighting Design | |
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| Lighting Equipment and Design Documentation | |
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| Construction/Installation Process | |
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| Examples of Themed (Specialty) Lighting Design | |
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| For Further Reading | |
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| Virtual Lighting (Renderings, Virtual Reality, Gaming, etc.) | |
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| Virtual Design | |
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| Calibration | |
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| Virtual Light Sources | |
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| Lighting Techniques for Virtual Lighting | |
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| Contrast Ratios | |
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| Rendering Approaches | |
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| Unique Properties of Virtual Rendering | |
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| Examples of Virtual Lighting | |
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| For Further Reading | |
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| Appendices | |
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| Lighting Periodicals | |
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| Lighting Equipment Manufactures | |
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| USITT Lighting Graphics Standard (Online) | |
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| IESNA Graphics (Online) | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Index | |