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Preface | |
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Values in Social Welfare | |
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Values in Social Welfare | |
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What are Values? | |
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Foundations of Charity and Control | |
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American Social Values | |
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Judaeo-Christian Charity Values | |
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Democratic Egaliarianism and Individualism | |
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The Protestant Work Ethic and Capitalism | |
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Social Darwinism | |
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The New Puritanism | |
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Patriarchy | |
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White Privilege | |
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Marriage and the Nuclear Family | |
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The "American Ideal": "Looksism" and "Otherism" | |
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Issues of Discrimination | |
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Classism and Poverty | |
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Institutional Discrimination | |
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Conclusion: Values and Power | |
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Study Questions | |
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Notes | |
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The Institution of Social Welfare: An Overview | |
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The Meaning of Social Institution | |
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The Economy | |
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The Polity | |
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The Family | |
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Religion | |
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Social Welfare | |
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Perspectives on Social Welfare | |
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The Residual Perspective | |
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The Institutional Perspective | |
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Newer Perspectives in Social Welfare | |
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The Scope of Social Welfare | |
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Life Necessity Services: Overview | |
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Educational, Recreational, or Rehabilitative Services: Overview | |
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Protective or Custodial Services: Overview | |
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Personal Social Services: Overview | |
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The Profession of Social Work | |
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The Emergence of the Profession | |
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Conclusion: Social Work and Social Control | |
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Study Questions | |
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Notes | |
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The Beginnings of Social Welfare: Political Economy and Early Societies | |
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Prehistory and Social Welfare to 6000 B.C.E. | |
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The Beginnings of History: 6000-1200 B.C.E. | |
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Africa: Birthplace of Humankind | |
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Mesopotamia in the Bronze Age: to 1200 B.C.E. | |
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Invasion, Conquest, and Patriarchal Religion | |
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The Israelite Influence | |
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Moving into the Iron Age: 1200-400 B.C.E. | |
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Early Judaic Social Welfare | |
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The Dynasties of China | |
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India and the Caste System | |
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Greece, Christianity, and the Roman Empire | |
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Greece and the City-States | |
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Early Roman Society and the Beginning of Christianity | |
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Jesus and the New Religion | |
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State and Church in Rome | |
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Conclusion: Beginnings of Charity and Control | |
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Study Questions | |
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Notes | |
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Feudalism and the Welfare State | |
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The Dark and Middle Ages | |
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The Feudal Society | |
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The Scientific Revolution | |
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The Church and Social Welfare | |
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Forms of Private Welfare | |
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The Dissolution of Feudalism | |
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The Black Death and the Witchcraze | |
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Poverty Becomes a Crime | |
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The Statute of Laborers | |
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The Commercial Revolution | |
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The Protestant Reformation: New Meanings for Work and Welfare | |
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Lutheranism, Calvinism, and the Work Ethic | |
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Women Under Protestantism | |
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Social Welfare and Work Morality | |
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Social Welfare in England: The Tudor Period | |
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The Elizabethan Poor Laws of 1601 | |
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Almshouse for the Impotent Poor | |
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Dependent Children | |
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Sturdy Beggars: The Able-Bodied Poor | |
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Prisons | |
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Overview of Social Welfare in England | |
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The Industrial Revolution and the Emergence of Capitalism | |
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The Emergence of Capitalism | |
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The Industrial Revolution and the New Poor Law | |
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Conclusion: Reifying the Values of the Past | |
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Study Questions | |
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Notes | |
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Social Welfare Moves to the Americas | |
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The Indigenous Peoples of America | |
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The European Invasion of North America | |
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The French in the New World | |
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The Spanish in the New World | |
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The Dutch in North America | |
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The English in New England | |
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Work in North America | |
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The Practice of Indenture | |
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Women in the Colonies | |
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Social Welfare in the Colonies | |
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Early American Poor Laws | |
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Private Philanthropy | |
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Slavery in the Americas | |
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The Golden Triangle and the Triangular Trade | |
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Toward the Revolution | |
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Women in the Revolution | |
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The New Nation and Its Constitution | |
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Conclusion: Revolution to Status Quo | |
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Study Questions | |
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Notes | |
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America to the Civil War | |
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The First Civil Rights Movement | |
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Immigration and Migration | |
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Employment and Unionization | |
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Private Philanthropy | |
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Religious Answers to Poverty | |
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Social Reform Ideals | |
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The Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor | |
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Special-Interest Charities | |
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Government Responses | |
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Outdoor Relief | |
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Social Treatment in the 1800s | |
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Medical Care and General Hospitals | |
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Mental Hospitals and Psychiatry | |
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Education | |
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Care of Blind, Deaf, and Developmentally Disabled People | |
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Social Control | |
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Juvenile Justice Systems | |
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Adult Criminals and Penitentiaries | |
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Nonwhite Minorities: Expendable Commodities in the New Nation | |
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Native Americans: A Case of Genocide | |
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Chinese in America | |
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The Contributions of People of African Descent | |
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Hispanic Americans | |
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The Women's Movement in the 1800s | |
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Conclusion: Working Toward Freedom | |
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Study Questions | |
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Notes | |
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The American Welfare State Begins | |
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The Civil War: A New Nation Emerges | |
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Charity in the Civil War | |
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After the Civil War | |
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The Freedmen's Bureau | |
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Services for Veterans | |
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Postwar Political Economy | |
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Labor and Unionization | |
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Population, Immigration, and the People | |
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White Immigration, African American Migration | |
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Asian Immigrants | |
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Native Americans After the War | |
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Emancipation and the Plight of the Freedmen | |
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"True Womanhood" | |
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Emerging Philosophies and Social Welfare | |
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Social Darwinism and the Charity Organization Society | |
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Private Interest Agencies | |
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Populism and the Settlement House Movement | |
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Child-Saving | |
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Public Welfare Efforts | |
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Professionalization of Social Work | |
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Conclusion: Moving Toward Reform | |
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Study Questions | |
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Notes | |
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The Progressive Era, War, and Recovery | |
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The Progressive Era | |
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Population Movements and Immigration | |
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Immigration Acts | |
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Oppression of African Americans and Native Americans | |
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African American Leaders | |
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Native Americans | |
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Labor and the Unions | |
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Women and Unions | |
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Social Welfare in the Progressive Era | |
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Reforms for Children | |
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Medical and Psychiatric Social Work | |
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Veterans' Welfare | |
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Aid to Blind People and Aid to People with Disabilities | |
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Old Age Assistance | |
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Unemployment Insurance and Workers' Compensation | |
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Juvenile and Criminal Justice | |
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Women's Movements and Peace Protests | |
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Suffrage | |
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Women and Health | |
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Abortion and Contraception | |
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The Professionalization of Social Work | |
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Conclusion: New Freedoms and Old Constraints | |
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Study Questions | |
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Notes | |
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The Great Depression and Social Security for Americans | |
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The Great Depression | |
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Social Revolt and Temporary Relief | |
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Roosevelt's Emergency Measures | |
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Eleanor Roosevelt and Women in the New Deal | |
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Social Insurance in the United States | |
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Programs of Social Insurance Based on the Social Security Acts | |
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Old Age and Survivors Insurance (OASI) | |
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Unemployment Compensation: Title III | |
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Workers' Compensation: State Social Insurance | |
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Public Assistance Programs of the Social Security Acts | |
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Old Age Assistance (OAA) | |
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Aid to the Blind (AB) and Aid to the Disabled (AD) | |
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Aid to Dependent Children (ADC) | |
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Maternal and Child Welfare Act: Title V | |
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The Professionalization of Social Work | |
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World War II | |
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Internment of Japanese Americans | |
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The War Years | |
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The War and People of Minorities | |
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Social Welfare Services: The War and After | |
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Women After the War | |
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The Resurgence of Social Work | |
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Reorganizing Federal Social Welfare Efforts | |
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The American Dream | |
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Conclusion: Moving Toward the Future | |
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Study Questions | |
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Notes | |
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Civil and Welfare Rights in the New Reform Era | |
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The State of the Nation Under Eisenhower | |
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Social Programs in the 1950s | |
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Social Insurance | |
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Public Assistance | |
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Civil Rights Before Kennedy | |
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African Americans | |
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Native Americans | |
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Hispanic Americans | |
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Chinese Americans | |
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Civil Rights in the Kennedy-Johnson Years | |
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Johnson and the Great Society | |
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The Civil Rights Act and Continued Protest | |
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The Voting Rights Act and New Legal Rights | |
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Social Programs in the Kennedy-Johnson Years | |
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Kennedy's Social Security Amendments | |
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The Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 | |
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Programs Amended Under Johnson | |
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Other Kennedy-Johnson Social Programs | |
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Welfare, Civil Rights, and the Social Work Profession | |
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Conclusion: Looking Back on the 1960s | |
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Study Questions | |
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Notes | |
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The Return to the Past | |
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A Retreat from the Welfare State | |
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Social Programs in the 1970s | |
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Social Insurance | |
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Public Assistance Programs | |
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Other Social Welfare Programs | |
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Food Stamps | |
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Comprehensive Education and Training Act (CETA) | |
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Education and Youth Programs | |
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Housing | |
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Juvenile Protection and Adult Corrections | |
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Civil Rights in the 1970s | |
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Native Americans | |
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Japanese Americans | |
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Other Asian Americans | |
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Mexican Americans | |
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Puerto Ricans and Cubans | |
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African Americans | |
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Women | |
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Gay Liberation | |
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Conclusion: Tightening the Reins | |
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Study Questions | |
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Notes | |
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The Reactionary Vision | |
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Biting the Conservative Bullet | |
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Reaganomics: The Conservative Political Economy | |
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The New Federalism | |
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Privatization | |
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New Federalism: Returning Programs to States | |
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Pruning the Programs | |
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Old Age, Survivors, Disability, and Health Insurance | |
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Unemployment Insurance and the New Poor | |
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Public Assistance Programs | |
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The Family Support Act (FSA) of 1988 | |
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Basic Needs Programs | |
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Reaganomics and Nutrition | |
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Reaganomics and Health Care | |
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Housing in the 1980s | |
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Education and Training | |
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Civil Rights Under Reagan and Bush | |
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The Costs of Social Welfare | |
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Estimating Poverty | |
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How Much Did Welfare Cost in the Reagan Era? | |
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The International Element | |
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Conclusion: Past Ideology in a Postindustrial World | |
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Study Questions | |
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Notes | |
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The Decline of Social Responsibility | |
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Clinton and the Republican Congress | |
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Welfare as We Knew It | |
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The "Contract with America" | |
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Restructuring Public Assistance: Losing the Safety Net | |
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The Structure of TANF | |
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The Place of Values in TANF | |
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Did TANF Work? | |
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Other Safety Net Programs | |
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Supplementary Security Income (SSI) | |
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Earned Income Tax Credits (EITCs) and Child and Dependent Care Credits (CDCCs) | |
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Social Insurance | |
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Nutrition Programs: Food Stamps, WIC, and Child Nutrition | |
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Housing and Homelessness | |
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Health Care in America | |
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Health Insurance | |
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Medicare | |
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Medicaid | |
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Social Issues | |
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Empowerment Enterprise Zones | |
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Crime Control | |
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Education | |
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Employment and Jobs | |
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Affirmative Action and Civil Rights | |
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Private Charity | |
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Welfare for the Wealthy and Corporate Welfare | |
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Capital Assets and Tax Cuts | |
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Corporate Welfare | |
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Globalization, the International Economy, and American Social Welfare | |
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Conclusion | |
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Study Questions | |
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Notes | |
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The Synergistic Cycle | |
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Values and Dependency | |
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The Synergistic Cycles of History | |
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The "Why" of Values Analysis | |
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Conclusion: Futureword | |
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Study Questions | |
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Notes | |
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Bibliography | |
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Index | |