| |
| |
| Specialized Contents | |
| |
| |
| Welcome to The Essential Elements of Public Speaking | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introducing Public Speaking | |
| |
| |
| Studying Public Speaking | |
| |
| |
| The Benefits of Public Speaking | |
| |
| |
| The Essential Elements of Public Speaking | |
| |
| |
| Culture, Gender, and Public Speaking | |
| |
| |
| Managing Your Apprehension | |
| |
| |
| Reversing the Factors That Cause Apprehension | |
| |
| |
| Practicing Performance Visualization | |
| |
| |
| Systematically Desensitizing Yourself | |
| |
| |
| Preparing a Public Speech: In Brief | |
| |
| |
| |
| Select Your Topic and Purpose | |
| |
| |
| |
| Analyze Your Audience | |
| |
| |
| |
| Research Your Topic | |
| |
| |
| |
| Develop Your Thesis and Main Points | |
| |
| |
| |
| Support Your Main Points | |
| |
| |
| |
| Organize Your Speech Materials | |
| |
| |
| |
| Word Your Speech | |
| |
| |
| |
| Construct Your Introduction Conclusion, and Transitions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Rehearse Your Speech | |
| |
| |
| |
| Deliver Your Speech | |
| |
| |
| Summary of Concepts and Skills | |
| |
| |
| Vocabulary Quiz: Introducing Public Speaking | |
| |
| |
| Web Explorations | |
| |
| |
| Public Speaking Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
| Constructing a Speech | |
| |
| |
| |
| Analyzing a Speech of Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Listening and Criticism | |
| |
| |
| Listening to Speeches | |
| |
| |
| What Is Listening? | |
| |
| |
| Culture and Listening | |
| |
| |
| Guidelines for Listening More Effectively | |
| |
| |
| Criticizing Speeches | |
| |
| |
| What Is Criticism? | |
| |
| |
| Culture and Criticism | |
| |
| |
| Guidelines for Criticizing More Effectively | |
| |
| |
| Summary of Concepts and Skills | |
| |
| |
| Vocabulary Quiz: Listening and Criticism | |
| |
| |
| Web Explorations | |
| |
| |
| Public Speaking Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
| Do You Really Remember What You Hear? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Understanding Your Own Listening Barriers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Analyzing a Poorly Constructed Informative Speech | |
| |
| |
| |
| Selecting Your Topic, Purpose, and Thesis | |
| |
| |
| Your Topic | |
| |
| |
| Finding Topics | |
| |
| |
| Limiting Topics | |
| |
| |
| Your Purpose | |
| |
| |
| General Purposes | |
| |
| |
| Specific Purposes | |
| |
| |
| Your Thesis | |
| |
| |
| Use Your Thesis to Generate Main Ideas | |
| |
| |
| Use Your Thesis to Organize | |
| |
| |
| Use Your Thesis Strategically | |
| |
| |
| Summary of Concepts and Skills | |
| |
| |
| Vocabulary Quiz: Topics, Purposes, and Theses | |
| |
| |
| Web Explorations | |
| |
| |
| Public Speaking Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
| Brainstorming for Topics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Limiting Topics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Using Cultural Beliefs as Assumptions in Public Speaking | |
| |
| |
| |
| Analyzing a Poorly Constructed Persuasive Speech | |
| |
| |
| |
| Analyzing and Adapting to Your Audience | |
| |
| |
| Audiences and Audience Analysis | |
| |
| |
| The Audience: Two Basic Characteristics | |
| |
| |
| Learning about Your Audience | |
| |
| |
| Analyzing Audience Sociology | |
| |
| |
| Cultural Factors | |
| |
| |
| Age | |
| |
| |
| Gender | |
| |
| |
| Affectional Orientation | |
| |
| |
| Educational and Intellectual Levels | |
| |
| |
| Religion and Religiousness | |
| |
| |
| Other Audience Factors | |
| |
| |
| Context Characteristics | |
| |
| |
| Analyzing Audience Psychology | |
| |
| |
| How Willing Is Your Audience? | |
| |
| |
| How Favorable Is Your Audience? | |
| |
| |
| How Knowledgeable Is Your Audience? | |
| |
| |
| Analysis and Adaptation during the Speech | |
| |
| |
| Focus on Listeners as Message Senders | |
| |
| |
| Ask "What If" Questions | |
| |
| |
| Address Audience Responses Directly | |
| |
| |
| Summary of Concepts and Skills | |
| |
| |
| Vocabulary Quiz: Audience Analysis and Adaptation | |
| |
| |
| Web Explorations | |
| |
| |
| Public Speaking Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
| Analyzing Your Public Speaking Class | |
| |
| |
| |
| Analyzing an Unknown Audience | |
| |
| |
| |
| Predicting Listeners' Attitudes | |
| |
| |
| |
| Analyzing a Speech | |
| |
| |
| |
| Using Supporting Materials and Presentation Aids | |
| |
| |
| Supporting Materials | |
| |
| |
| Examples | |
| |
| |
| Narration | |
| |
| |
| Testimony | |
| |
| |
| Statistics | |
| |
| |
| Presentation Aids | |
| |
| |
| Types of Presentation Aids | |
| |
| |
| The Media of Presentation Aids | |
| |
| |
| Preparing Presentation Aids | |
| |
| |
| Using Presentation Aids | |
| |
| |
| Computer-Assisted Presentations | |
| |
| |
| Summary of Concepts and Skills | |
| |
| |
| Vocabulary Quiz: Supporting Materials and Presentation Aids | |
| |
| |
| Web Explorations | |
| |
| |
| Public Speaking Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
| Amplifying Statements | |
| |
| |
| |
| Critically Evaluating Testimony | |
| |
| |
| |
| Analyzing Presentation Aids | |
| |
| |
| |
| Analyzing a Speech | |
| |
| |
| |
| Organizing Your Speech | |
| |
| |
| The Body of the Speech | |
| |
| |
| Select and Word Your Main Points | |
| |
| |
| Organize Your Main Points | |
| |
| |
| Introductions, Conclusions, and Transitions | |
| |
| |
| Introductions | |
| |
| |
| Conclusions | |
| |
| |
| Transitions | |
| |
| |
| Outlining the Speech | |
| |
| |
| Constructing the Outline | |
| |
| |
| Sample Outlines | |
| |
| |
| A Brief Note on Organization and Flexibility | |
| |
| |
| Summary of Concepts and Skills | |
| |
| |
| Vocabulary Quiz: Organizing the Speech | |
| |
| |
| Web Explorations | |
| |
| |
| Public Speaking Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
| Generating Main Points | |
| |
| |
| |
| Constructing Introductions and Conclusions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Analyzing a Speech | |
| |
| |
| |
| Wording Your Speech | |
| |
| |
| How Language Works | |
| |
| |
| Language Varies in Directness | |
| |
| |
| Language Varies in Abstraction | |
| |
| |
| Language Varies in Objectivity | |
| |
| |
| Language Varies in Orality | |
| |
| |
| Language Varies in Accuracy | |
| |
| |
| Choosing Words | |
| |
| |
| Clarity | |
| |
| |
| Vividness | |
| |
| |
| Appropriateness | |
| |
| |
| Personal Style | |
| |
| |
| Phrasing Sentences | |
| |
| |
| Summary of Concepts and Skills | |
| |
| |
| Vocabulary Quiz: Public Speaking Style | |
| |
| |
| Web Explorations | |
| |
| |
| Public Speaking Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
| Making Concepts Specific | |
| |
| |
| |
| Talking about Cultural Identities | |
| |
| |
| |
| Analyzing a Speech | |
| |
| |
| |
| Delivering Your Speech | |
| |
| |
| Methods of Delivery | |
| |
| |
| Speaking Impromptu | |
| |
| |
| Speaking from Manuscript | |
| |
| |
| Speaking from Memory | |
| |
| |
| Speaking Extemporaneously | |
| |
| |
| Effective Vocal Delivery | |
| |
| |
| Volume | |
| |
| |
| Rate | |
| |
| |
| Pitch | |
| |
| |
| Articulation and Pronunciation | |
| |
| |
| Pauses | |
| |
| |
| Effective Bodily Action | |
| |
| |
| Eye Contact | |
| |
| |
| Facial Expression | |
| |
| |
| Posture | |
| |
| |
| Gestures | |
| |
| |
| Movement | |
| |
| |
| Proxemics | |
| |
| |
| Using Notes | |
| |
| |
| Rehearsal: Practicing and Improving Delivery | |
| |
| |
| Research the Speech as a Whole | |
| |
| |
| Time the Speech | |
| |
| |
| Approximate the Actual Speech Situation | |
| |
| |
| Incorporate Changes and Delivery Notes | |
| |
| |
| Rehearse Often | |
| |
| |
| Summary of Concepts and Skills | |
| |
| |
| Vocabulary Quiz: Public Speaking Delivery | |
| |
| |
| Web Explorations | |
| |
| |
| Public Speaking Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
| Developing the Impromptu Speech | |
| |
| |
| |
| Communicating Vocally but Nonverbally | |
| |
| |
| |
| Informing Your Audience | |
| |
| |
| Guidelines for Informative Speaking | |
| |
| |
| Limit the Amount of Information | |
| |
| |
| Adjust the Level of Complexit | |
| |
| |
| Stress Relevance and Usefulness | |
| |
| |
| Relate New Information to Old | |
| |
| |
| Vary the Levels of Abstraction | |
| |
| |
| Make Your Speech Easy to Remember | |
| |
| |
| Informative Speeches of Description | |
| |
| |
| Strategies for Describing | |
| |
| |
| Developing the Speech of Description | |
| |
| |
| Informative Speeches of Definition | |
| |
| |
| Strategies for Defining | |
| |
| |
| Developing the Speech of Definition | |
| |
| |
| Informative Speeches of Demonstration | |
| |
| |
| Strategies for Demonstrating | |
| |
| |
| Developing the Speech of Demonstration | |
| |
| |
| Summary of Concepts and Skills | |
| |
| |
| Vocabulary Quiz: The Informative Speech | |
| |
| |
| Web Explorations | |
| |
| |
| Public Speaking Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
| Defining Terms | |
| |
| |
| |
| A Two-Minute Informative Speech | |
| |
| |
| |
| Analyzing a Speech | |
| |
| |
| |
| Persuading Your Audience | |
| |
| |
| Goals of Persuasion | |
| |
| |
| Guidelines for Persuasive Speaking | |
| |
| |
| Anticipate Selective Exposure | |
| |
| |
| Ask for Reasonable Amounts of Change | |
| |
| |
| Identify with Your Audience | |
| |
| |
| Use Logical Appeals | |
| |
| |
| Use Emotional Appeals | |
| |
| |
| Use Credibility Appeals | |
| |
| |
| Motivate Your Listeners | |
| |
| |
| Persuasive Speeches on Questions of Fact | |
| |
| |
| Thesis | |
| |
| |
| Main Points | |
| |
| |
| Support | |
| |
| |
| Developing Speeches on Questions of Fact | |
| |
| |
| Persuasive Speeches on Questions of Value | |
| |
| |
| Thesis | |
| |
| |
| Main Points | |
| |
| |
| Support | |
| |
| |
| Developing Speeches on Questions of Value | |
| |
| |
| Persuasive Speeches on Questions of Policy | |
| |
| |
| Thesis | |
| |
| |
| Main Points | |
| |
| |
| Support | |
| |
| |
| Developing Speeches on Questions of Policy | |
| |
| |
| Organizational Examples | |
| |
| |
| Summary of Concepts and Skills | |
| |
| |
| Vocabulary Quiz: The Persuasive Speech | |
| |
| |
| Web Explorations | |
| |
| |
| Public Speaking Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
| Developing Persuasive Strategies | |
| |
| |
| |
| Analyzing a Speech | |
| |
| |
| |
| Speaking on Special Occasions | |
| |
| |
| The Speech of Introduction | |
| |
| |
| The Speech of Presentation or Acceptance | |
| |
| |
| The Speech to Secure Goodwill | |
| |
| |
| The Speech of Dedication | |
| |
| |
| The Commencement Speech | |
| |
| |
| The Eulogy | |
| |
| |
| The Farewell Speech | |
| |
| |
| The Toast | |
| |
| |
| The Special Occasion Speech in Cultural Perspective | |
| |
| |
| Summary of Concepts and Skills | |
| |
| |
| Vocabulary Quiz: The Special Occasion Speech | |
| |
| |
| Web Explorations | |
| |
| |
| Public Speaking Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
| Developing the Speech of Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Developing the Speech of Presentation/Acceptance | |
| |
| |
| |
| Developing the Speech to Secure Goodwill | |
| |
| |
| |
| Speaking in Small Groups | |
| |
| |
| Small Groups | |
| |
| |
| Culture, Gender, and the Small Group | |
| |
| |
| Problem Solving in Groups | |
| |
| |
| The Nominal Group | |
| |
| |
| The Delphi Group | |
| |
| |
| The Quality Circle Group | |
| |
| |
| The Idea-Generation Group | |
| |
| |
| The Focus Group | |
| |
| |
| Members and Leaders in Small Groups | |
| |
| |
| Members in Small Groups | |
| |
| |
| Leaders in Small Groups | |
| |
| |
| Presenting the Group's Thinking | |
| |
| |
| General Speaking Guidelines | |
| |
| |
| Speaking in the Panel Group | |
| |
| |
| Speaking in the Symposium and Team Presentations | |
| |
| |
| The Symposium-Forum Presentation | |
| |
| |
| Oral and Written Reports | |
| |
| |
| Summary of Concepts and Skills | |
| |
| |
| Vocabulary Quiz: Speaking in Small Groups | |
| |
| |
| Web Explorations | |
| |
| |
| Public Speaking Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
| Solving Problems in Groups | |
| |
| |
| |
| Responding to Individual Roles | |
| |
| |
| |
| Combating Groupthink | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Index | |
| |
| |
| Credits | |