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| List of Tables | |
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| List of Figures | |
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| List of Chapter Activities | |
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| Preface | |
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| Research Methods in Education | |
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| Ways Research Advances Knowledge about Education | |
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| The Origin of Action Research | |
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| The Action Research Process | |
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| Types of Action Research | |
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| The Importance of Action Research for Improving Schools | |
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| Becoming Familiar with the Language and Process of Action Research | |
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| Generating Research Ideas through Reflection | |
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| Reflection: Its History and Definitions | |
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| Types of Reflection | |
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| Reflection in Action Research | |
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| Reflecting to Identify a Research Focus | |
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| Reflective Journals | |
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| Connecting Theory and Action: Reviewing the Literature | |
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| Reviewing the Literature as a Professional, Intellectual Activity | |
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| Sources of Topic-specific Literature | |
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| Searching for Literature to Review | |
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| Choosing, Evaluating, and Synthesizing Reviewed Literature for Action Research Studies | |
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| Organizing and Writing the Literature Review | |
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| Initial Planning of the Action Research Study | |
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| Articulating Research Questions | |
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| Planning the Intervention | |
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| Strategies for Collecting Data | |
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| Collecting Multiple Forms of Data to Establish Credibility and Validity | |
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| Methods of Data Collection: Artifacts, Observational Data, and Inquiry Data | |
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| The Importance of Collecting Baseline Data | |
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| Aligning Data Collection Strategies with Research Questions | |
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| Final Planning before the Implementation of the Study | |
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| Definitions of Validity | |
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| Determining Ways to Increase Validity | |
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| Ethical Guidelines for Action Research Studies | |
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| Engaging in Continuous, Ongoing Reflecting Planning throughout the Study | |
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| Creating a Timeline for the Project | |
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| Strategies for Data Analysis | |
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| Interim Data Analysis | |
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| Using Software Packages to Analyze Large Amounts of Data | |
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| Analysis of Quantitative Data: Reporting, Comparing, and Displaying | |
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| Analysis of Qualitative Data: Looking for Themes and Patterns | |
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| Triangulating Data Sources: Drawing Conclusions from Data | |
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| Supplementary Chapter: Writing and Disseminating the Action Research Report | |
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| Guidelines for Writing the Final Action Research Report | |
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| Disseminating Action Research Findings | |
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| Concluding Comments | |
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| Conceptual Learning and Creative Problem Solving Using Cooperative Groups in Middle School Science Classes | |
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| The Influence of a Peer-Tutoring Training Model for Implementing Cooperative Groupings with Elementary Students | |
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| Index | |