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| Acknowledgments and Thanks | |
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| Preface | |
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| Analytical Approach | |
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| Strengths and Features | |
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| Organization and Themes | |
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| Anthropology, Latin America, and the Caribbean | |
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| Why Study the Anthropology of Latin America and the Caribbean? | |
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| Doing Cultural Anthropology and Documenting Everyday Life | |
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| Controversies: The Culture of Poverty and Perspectives on the Poor | |
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| Oscar Lewis and the "Culture of Poverty" | |
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| Dying and Weeping in Brazilian Favelas | |
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| Summary | |
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| Issues and Questions | |
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| Key Terms and Concepts | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| Introducing Latin America and the Caribbean | |
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| Delimiting and Imagining Latin America: Ideas, Spaces, and Places | |
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| Countries and Population | |
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| Migration and Cities | |
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| Languages | |
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| Landscapes, Culture, and Society | |
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| Major Landscapes | |
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| Structural Zones | |
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| Physiographic Regions | |
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| South America | |
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| Mexico | |
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| Central America | |
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| Caribbean | |
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| Landscape Transformations Before and After the Europeans | |
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| Controversies: Is the Culture Area Concept Still Useful? | |
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| Summary | |
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| Issues and Questions | |
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| Key Terms and Concepts | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| Society and Culture Before the Europeans | |
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| Anthropological Perspectives on the Evolution of Social Complexity | |
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| Phases in the Emergence of Societal Complexity in Latin America and the Caribbean | |
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| Paleo-Indian | |
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| Archaic | |
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| Formative | |
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| Horizon | |
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| The Inca and Aztec States | |
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| The Andean and Mesoamerican Highlands: Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries | |
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| The Inca and Aztec Expansions | |
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| Controversies: The Peopling of the Americas | |
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| Summary | |
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| Issues and Questions | |
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| Key Terms and Concepts | |
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| Endnote | |
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| Conquest, Colonialism, and Resistance | |
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| The European Conquests | |
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| Voyages, Exploration, and Expeditions | |
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| How Did (and Could) It Happen? | |
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| The Columbian Exchange | |
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| The Colonial Period | |
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| Mechanisms of Rule | |
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| Encomiendas, Repartimientos, and Tribute | |
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| Reducciones | |
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| Expansion of the State Bureaucracy | |
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| Local Elites as Power and Cultural Brokers | |
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| Rituals and Ceremonies | |
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| Pillars of the Colonial Economy: Haciendas, Plantations, and Mines | |
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| Haciendas | |
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| Plantations and Slavery | |
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| Mines | |
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| Resisting the Colonial Order | |
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| Rebellions | |
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| Evasive, "Everyday" Forms of Resistance | |
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| Ethnogenesis | |
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| Colonial Legacies, Independence, and the Coalescence of Nation-States | |
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| Controversies: The Quincentennial, or Remembering Columbus | |
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| Summary | |
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| Issues and Questions | |
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| Key Terms and Concepts | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| Cultural Politics of Race and Ethnicity | |
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| Racial Categories and Racial Fluidity in Latin America | |
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| Colonialism, Empire, and the Invention of Race | |
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| Marriage and Race in the Eighteenth Through Early Twentieth Centuries | |
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| Scientific Racisms of the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries | |
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| Culture and Race | |
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| Decency, Hygiene, and Race | |
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| Mestizos and Mestizaje: Class, Race, and Nation | |
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| The Rise of Ethnicity and Ethnic Movements | |
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| Indian versus Indigenous | |
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| Ethnicity, Culture, and Class | |
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| Indigenous Movements and the Politics of Difference | |
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| Land, Ethnicity, and Indianness | |
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| Ethnicity, Nationalism, and Gender | |
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| Nationalism | |
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| Gender | |
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| Controversies: Intellectual Property Rights and Indigenous Peoples | |
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| In the United States: Race and Respect in the Streets of New York City | |
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| Summary | |
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| Issues and Questions | |
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| Key Terms and Concepts | |
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| Cultural Constructions of Gender and Sexuality | |
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| Pre-European Gender Systems | |
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| Sexuality, Parallelism, and Complementarity | |
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| Gender and State Expansion | |
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| The Conquest and Colonial Period | |
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| Gender and the Consolidation of Nation-States | |
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| Femininity and Masculinity: Rethinking Marianismo and Machismo | |
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| Contesting Marianismo: Women and Gender in Revolutionary Settings | |
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| Cuba | |
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| Chile | |
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| Nicaragua | |
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| Contesting Marianismo: Sexuality and Female-Headed Households | |
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| Sexuality | |
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| Matrifocality: Female-Headed Households | |
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| Real "Machos" or Contingent Masculinities? | |
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| Contesting Machismo: Alcohol and Fatherhood | |
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| Alcohol | |
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| Fathering | |
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| Models of Behavior or Lived Experience? | |
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| Shifting Contours of Masculinity, Femininity, and Sexual Identities | |
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| Controversies: Gender, Masculinity, and Violence in Amazonian Societies | |
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| In the United States: Courtship, Sexuality, and Love Across the Border | |
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| Summary | |
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| Issues and Questions | |
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| Key Terms and Concepts | |
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| Religion and Everyday Life | |
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| Popular Catholicism | |
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| Major Attributes of Popular Catholicism | |
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| Facets of Popular Catholicism | |
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| The Virgin Mary | |
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| Working with the Devil | |
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| Todos Santos: The Days of the Dead | |
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| The Spread of Protestantism | |
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| Maya Women in Mexico | |
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| Andean Villagers in Highland Ecuador | |
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| The African Heritage: Candomble, Santeria, and Vodou | |
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| Controversies: Mesoamerican Civil-Religious Cargo Systems | |
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| In the United States: Re-Creating Vodou in Brooklyn | |
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| Summary | |
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| Issues and Questions | |
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| Key Terms and Concepts | |
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| Striving for Health and Coping with Illness | |
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| Medical Anthropology | |
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| The Poor Health of Latin America and the Caribbean | |
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| Mortality, Access to Biomedicine, and Malnutrition | |
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| Poverty, Inequality, and Disease | |
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| Tuberculosis | |
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| AIDS | |
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| Gender and Health | |
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| Folk Illnesses: Susto, Mal de Ojo, and Nervios | |
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| The Expressive and Healthy Body | |
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| Bodies, Communities, and Mountains in the Andes | |
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| Body and Knowledge in Lowland South America | |
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| Jamaican Bodies: Health, Sexuality, and Gender | |
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| Religion and Healing | |
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| Shamanism, Ritual Poetics, and Hallucinogenic Healing | |
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| Medicine and Religious Pluralism | |
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| Controversies: Marijuana and Coca, Health and Politics | |
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| Marijuana in Jamaica and Costa Rica | |
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| Coca in the Andes | |
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| In the United States: Susto and Mal de Ojo Among Florida Farmworkers | |
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| Summary | |
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| Issues and Questions | |
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| Key Terms and Concepts | |
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| Food, Cuisine, and Cultural Expression | |
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| Food and Culture | |
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| Historical and Cultural Sketch of Latin American Food | |
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| Food, Consumption, and Ritual | |
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| Guinea Pigs and Ritual in the Andes | |
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| Juthaa: Sharing Polluting Food in Trinidad | |
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| Communicating Gender and Sexuality Through Food | |
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| Highland Ecuador | |
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| Jamaica | |
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| Brazil | |
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| Cuisine, Cookbooks, and Nation-Building | |
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| Globalization and National Cuisine in Belize | |
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| Cookbooks, Tamales, and Mexican Nation-Building | |
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| Controversies: "Hot" and "Cold" Foods | |
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| In the United States: Tamales, Gender, and Survival | |
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| Summary | |
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| Issues and Questions | |
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| Key Terms and Concepts | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| Perspectives on Globalization | |
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| Globalization | |
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| Tourism, Crafts, and Cultural Authenticity | |
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| In Search of the "Authentic" and the Timeless | |
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| Producing "Ethnic" Handicrafts | |
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| Transnational Production and Labor | |
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| The North American Free Trade Agreement | |
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| Transnational Migrants in the United States and Canada | |
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| Labor and Gender in Mexican and Guatemalan Maquilas | |
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| Lurking Danger on the Borderlands: Women, Maquilas, and Death | |
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| Global Interests and the Environment | |
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| Sustainable Development and Bioprospecting | |
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| Deforestation and Degradation | |
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| The Amazon | |
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| Central America | |
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| Controversies: Global Interests and Ethnographic Representations in the Amazon | |
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| In the United States: Domestic Workers in the Midst of Affluence | |
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| Summary | |
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| Issues and Questions | |
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| Key Terms and Concepts | |
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| Endnote | |
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| Manifestations of Popular Culture | |
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| What Is Popular Culture? | |
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| Sports | |
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| Soccer | |
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| The Central American Soccer War | |
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| Nationalism, Masculinity, and Party Politics in Argentine Soccer | |
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| Popular Discontent and Soccer in Urban Chile | |
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| Baseball | |
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| The Dominican Republic | |
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| Cuba | |
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| Carnaval and Popular Celebrations | |
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| The Origins of Carnaval | |
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| Understanding Carnaval | |
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| Tourism and Violence in Brazilian Carnaval | |
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| Fertility, Community, and the Supernatural in Bolivian Carnaval | |
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| Music and Dance | |
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| Tango | |
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| Salsa | |
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| Reggae | |
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| Television and Telenovelas | |
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| Why Are Telenovelas so Popular? | |
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| The Cultural Impact of Telenovelas and Television Programming | |
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| Controversies: Tango and Sexuality | |
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| In the United States: Quinceaneras, Gender, and Tradition | |
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| Summary | |
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| Issues and Questions | |
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| Key Terms and Concepts | |
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| Endnote | |
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| Violence, Memory, and Striving for a Just World | |
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| Violence and Memory | |
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| The Central American Civil Wars | |
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| Nicaragua and El Salvador | |
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| Nicaragua | |
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| El Salvador | |
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| Guatemala's Despotic State | |
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| Chile's Pinochet | |
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| Argentina's Dirty War | |
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| Colombia's Violencia | |
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| Mexico's Zapatistas | |
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| Peru's Shining Path | |
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| Controversies: Rigoberta Menchu, and the Politics of Memory and Culture | |
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| In the United States: Fleeing War and Reconstituting New Lives | |
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| Summary | |
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| Issues and Questions | |
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| Key Terms and Concepts | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Index | |